• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.61-77
• /
• 2019

This article explored the status of E-Government initiative in developing countries by taking the case of Ethiopia. The study had analyzed the practice, challenges and the future prospect of the E-Government initiative in the country. The paper had used both secondary and primary sources of data. In identifying the practice and future prospects of the E-Government imitative, related works in the area were reviewed and appraised. In ascertaining the major challenges, structured and semi-structured interviews were carried out with selected stakeholders from the government office and the private sector. The result of the study had shown that the country had registered a promising progress in E-Government index in the past four years ranking at 157th in the year 2014, which was standing at 172nd in the year 2012. Above all, high- level political commitment and the design of specific actions plans that are linked to the national sustainable development priorities were the key success factors. Nevertheless, there are still enormous challenges that have to be tackled for citizens to drive the benefits arising from the implementation of E-Government initiative. The study had identified limited cross-sectoral connectivity, lack of intra-organizational connectivity, low human resource capacity, language barrier, lack of awareness and absence of appropriate legal and regulatory framework as major challenges. Finally, the study forwarded constructive suggestion that can be adopted in the way forward of the E-Government initiative.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.200-207
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between digital literacy and depressive symptoms, as well as the mediating role of social support in this relationship, among older women (60 years and older) in Korea. Methods: This study analyzed data from the User Experience Evaluation Survey, which was conducted by the Ewha Institute for Age Integration Research to improve the accessibility of digital information for older adults research from May to September 2020. Survey data on depressive symptoms, digital literacy, and social support were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: The factors influencing depressive symptoms among older women included work status (B=-.19, p=.01), social support (B=-.17, p<.001), self-rated health (B=-.13, p=.003), and digital literacy (B=-.10, p=.005), which had an explanatory power of 33%. In addition, social support played a mediating role in the relationship between digital literacy and depressive symptoms (B=-.05, SE=.02; 95% CI, -.09 to -.02). Conclusion: The findings of this study support the need to develop and apply interventions that promote digital literacy among older women to mitigate depressive symptoms by increasing social support.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2024

Consumption market research was conducted on gradually increasing vegetarians using various selection attributes. Factors were extracted to identify vegetarian selection attributes and to divide the study cohort into groups, continuous variables (health, animal welfare, eco-friendliness, religion, familiarity, convenience, stability, and cost) and categorical variables (age, marital status, vegetarian duration, and vegetarian frequency) were simultaneously subjected to two-step cluster analysis. Cluster 1 contained high proportions of 20-29 and 30-39 year-olds, which are MZ-generation age groups. A high proportion had a vegetarian duration of 1-3 years, and the popular reasons for vegetarian selection were animal welfare and eco-friendliness. Cluster 2 contained high proportions of 50-59 and 40-49 year-olds, and many in this cluster were married, and mean vegetarian duration was ≥15 years. In addition, significant differences were observed between Clusters 1 and 2 in terms of religion, health, familiarity, cost, stability, and convenience. This study should contribute significantly to predicting vegetarian consumers' selection decisions and consumption behaviors and provide reliable marketing data for foodservice companies that develop vegetarian foods.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• v.148
• /
• pp.213-238
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to study logical status and meaning of '$l{\grave{e}}i$[類]' in integrated concept system of 'míng[名]'. The subordinate relationships and integrated systems between genus and species are made up 'míng[名]' in pre-Chin's logical arguments. And '$l{\grave{e}}i$[類]' is a concept that designate what kind of category in all names of sorts and kinds in early China. The logical argumentations of early Chinese philosophers reflect subordinate relationship and integrated system of 'míng[名]'. And then early Chinese philosophers use the 'míng[名]' in other to denote a general concept that totally indicate meanings of genus and species like as Confucius' '$zh{\grave{e}}ng$ míng[正名]'. However early Chinese philosophers make philosophical issues of correspondence between míng[名] and shí[實], not subordinate relationships between genus and species. And then they use the 'míng[名]' in other to denotes not a general concept but a kind of category. Therefore the concept of 'míng[名]' used as a meaning of general concept and sorted out integrated concept system of 'míng[名]' as two categories of míng[名] and shí[實] at the same time in logical argumentations of early Chinese philosophers. The '$l{\grave{e}}i$[類]' of pre-Chin difference from genus of Aristotle spontaneously and conceptually. It is not a concept that in other to compose subordinate relationships and integrated systems. It is not a kind of genus. It divide a kind of denotation that means some kind of aggregations into existence and nonexistence. And it divide a kind of connotation that means some kind of attributes into same and difference. When early Chinese philosophers make distinction and demonstration the correspondence between míng[名] and shí[實], so to speak distinction mean to divide and classify into correspondence or non-correspondence, and demonstration mean to argue about the division and classification. Therefore the concept of '$l{\grave{e}}i$[類]' is a criteria that is to divide and classify the correspondence between míng[名] and shí[實] in integrated concept system of 'míng[名]'.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.11
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2019

Multicast is an efficient method for real-time transmission in many multimedia applications. It is important to recover lost packets and to manage multicast groups according to the network status in order to improve the reliability of multicast transmissions. In this paper, we propose a method that can efficiently recover lost packets in a large multicast group. In the proposed method, we create a recovery cluster (RC) using a multicast domain (MD) for recovery of lost packets. In the conventional methods, clusters send a request message for lost packets to the senders in order to recover the packets lost from many multicast applications. This increases packet delay time and overhead because of the feedback messages and retransmitted packets. In the proposed method, we improve these problems using the RC, which consists of many MDs (which have overlay multicast senders), and many cluster heads (CHs). We divide the message into blocks, and divide each block into many segments for packet recovery using the CHs. When packet loss occurs, all CHs share the segment information and recover the lost segments at the same time. Simulation results show that the proposed method could improve the packet recovery ratio by about 50% compared to the conventional methods.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.113-137
• /
• 2018

This study examined relevant literature to review the concept of low-income class, its criteria and types. Based on the cases surveyed, the service status of public libraries for low-income class in South Korea was determined. Based on the findings of this study, we proposed new library services necessary for low-income class, such as the implementation of relevant programs aimed at resolving the digital information divide of low-income class, the introduction of employment programs for the self-economic-support for low-income class adults, and the introduction of reading and counseling therapy services. In addition, this study proposed five policies for activating library services for the low-income class: (1) To revise the act on library law so as to clarify the concept of low-income class, its criteria and types, (2) to revise the master plan for library development so as to bolster the library services for low-income class, (3) to conduct a national-level survey of the low-income class status and of the library service status, (4) to determine the actual features of the low-income class and their information demands, and (5) to prepare library services tailored to the diverse types of low-income class.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 2016

This paper examines the pagodas during the Bagan period, which are thought to be most valuable among those in Myanmar. They have not been sufficiently studied, in spite of their high Buddhist status. It considers the contemplation of Pato, their formal characteristics in the Bagan period and the formal categorizations of pagodas in the same period. Thus, following seven kinds of conclusions are derived: first, researchers provide opinions to the Pato which should be regarded as the Buddhist shrine-type of pagoda with a unique Bagan form, symbolically indicating that Theravada Buddhism incorporated Hinduism; second, the terraces were characteristic components in pagodas, during the Bagan period, which were built after the enthronement of King Anawratha and are thought to symbolically express the wish to widely spread Theravada Buddhism; third, Shwesandaw Zedi seems to affect not only Shwezigon Zedi, a representative standard form of pagoda in Myanmar, but also Ananda Pato; fourth, it is thought to be proper to examine the terraces by classifying them into lower, central(from pedestals to Angryeon and Bokryeon) and upper part, if it intends to divide a pagoda with bell-shaped body on the terraces during the Bagan period, into three parts; fifth, the Pato may be identified as a form of pagoda during the Bagan period, and such a form can be classified as that of Sikhara on the rectangular terrace; sixth, forms of Myanmar's pagodas can be classified into fourteen kinds of them, and they may be also grouped into transmitted, general and special type; and seventh, on the basis of the findings, it is thought that the pagodas during the Bagan period may be classified into six forms, and they can be largely categorized into transmitted, general and special type.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.1537-1545
• /
• 2016

Due to global economy recession with low oil price, Korea has stepped into a stage of sluggish development, and the unemployment has become a major issue. Hence, we study various risk factors influencing on unemployment using the Korean labor and income panel data of 2014. We first divide the adult life cycle into three categories, such as young adult, adult, and old adult. Then we consider demographic variables, occupational variables and health related variables as risk factors. The decision tree models have shown that education and gender are the most important factors respectively in young adult group and in adult group. Gender, health status, and education are influential factors in old adult group.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.193-217
• /
• 2019

Researchers have observed one student who had difficulty in formulating a division equation. In the context of determination of a unit rate problem based on one student's case and previous research, we tried to examine in detail how students expressed the division formula, how to select the dividend and the divisor, and how they learned about those. First, a questionnaire was developed to analyze student's reactions and applied to the research participants. Interviews were conducted to discover how the participants choose the dividends and divisors derived from their cognitive characteristics corresponding to their selection method. The research exposed that the majority of the participants had difficulty in deciding the dividends and divisors. Moreover, the research indicated information that teaching methods need to be reformed. Finally, we obtained suggestions to place emphasis on how to decide a dividend and a divisor, why they made such selection and what the equation means. We proposed a learning method for the research above.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.171-181
• /
• 2017

Each City & Provincial office of education has provided educational informatization training, which invites its partner country's teachers as part of 'e-Learning Globalization Project.' The purposes of this training program are, a) improving nation brand power by maintaining e-learning national competitiveness and strengthening influence, b) solving digital divide by sharing Korean best practices, c) establishing partnership through exchanges and cooperation, d) capacity building which support partner country's leading teachers can play key roles to spread educational informatization in their own country. It is necessary to reflect outcomes of training program until now and to find sustainable development plan, at 10th anniversary of Education ICT training program now. In order to fulfil purposes, qualitative research was conducted to analyze current status based on context, input, process, and product phases, and to find sustainable development alternative. In-depth interview(IDI) was conducted among supervisor, officials, and teachers from partner countries. Also, the result of IDI was analyzed by themes.