• Title/Summary/Keyword: Diurnal

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Comparison of the Pattern of Changes in Salivary Cortisol by Degree of Burn and CAPS Score (화상 정도 및 CAPS 점수에 따른 타액 코티졸의 변화 양상 비교)

  • Kim, Jin-Na;Kim, Jee Wook;Choi, Ihn-Geun;Chun, Wook;Seo, Cheong Hoon;Kim, Kyung Ja;Lee, Boung Chul
    • Anxiety and mood
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.93-98
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    • 2012

  • Objective : Cortisol, a product of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), is one of our defensive mechanisms in response to stress. The level of cortisol in the saliva is a major biomarker of the stress response by HPA axis and shows diurnal variation. We measured salivary cortisol level and its diurnal variation to compare the pattern of changes by degree of burn and Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) score. Methods : We measured the salivary cortisol levels of 37 subjects hospitalized in the burn center at our facility from March to June 2012. Salivary cortisol levels were measured at 6 : 00 AM and at 7 : 00 PM. All subjects were tested for CAPS to evaluate the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale to evaluate and to control the coexisting depression. Results : Factorial ANOVA test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in terms of the effect of the interaction between the degree of burn and the patient's CAPS score. Unlike the mild burn group, in the severe burn group, the patients who had a low CAPS score didn't show a normal diurnal variation and the patients who had a high CAPS score showed the normal diurnal variation. After a few months follow up, we found a greater degree of psychiatric complications in severe burn patients that had a lower cortisol stress response. Conclusion : We suppose that the disappearance of the stress response changes in salivary cortisol seen in the severe burn group may be caused by an impaired stress response. Through followed observation of the subjects, this disruption of cortisol response may cause psychiatric problems afterwards.

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Effect of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Malate and Titratable Acidity in Pereskia aculeata and Kalanchoe rosea

  • Park Shin Young;Furukawa Akio
    • Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.109-114
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    • 1998

  • The induction of crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM) characterized by day/night acid fluctuation was investigated in leaves from 10 days exposure to elevated $CO_2$ concentration(1,000 ${\mu}L\;L^{-1}CO_2).$ For Pereskia aculeata, have $C_3-like$ gas exchange pattern in well watered condition and shift into CAM-like in water stress, showed a more typical CAM-like diurnal acid fluctuation. Whereas the massive diurnal fluctuation of acidity in typical CAM of Kalanchoe rosea was declined. The effect of short-term exposure to various concentrations of $CO_2$ on titratable acidity in P. aculeata and K. rosea was also investigated. To investigate the response of various $CO_2$ concentrations, four different $CO_2$ levels(350, 700, 1,000 and 1,500 ${\mu}L\;L^{-1})$ were imposed for 24hr and measured the titratable acidity at 06:00, when the acidity was maximum, and 14:00, when the acidity was minimum. The accumulation of acid in P. aculeata was enhanced markedly by higher concentration of $CO_2,$ while the level of acidity in f rosea did not highly respond to $CO_2.$ A notable difference between P. aculeata and K. rosea was the response of de-acidification to a higher concentration of $CO_2$ Increasing with $CO_2,$ the degree of do-acidification of P. auleata was increased while that of K. rosea was depressed.

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A Study on the Coherence of the Precipitation Simulated by the WRF Model during a Changma Period in 2005 (WRF 모델에서 모의된 2005년 장마 기간 강수의 동조성 연구)

  • Byon, Jae-Young;Won, Hye-Young;Cho, Chun-Ho;Choi, Young-Jean
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.115-123
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    • 2007

  • The present study uses the GOES IR brightness temperature to examine the temporal and spatial variability of cloud activity over the region $25^{\circ}N-45^{\circ}N$, $105^{\circ}E-135^{\circ}E$ and analyzes the coherence of eastern Asian summer season rainfall in Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. Time-longitude diagram of the time period from June to July 2005 shows a signal of eastward propagation in the WRF model and convective index derived from GOES IR data. The rain streaks in time-latitude diagram reveal coherence during the experiment period. Diurnal and synoptic scales are evident in the power spectrum of the time series of convective index and WRF rainfall. The diurnal cycle of early morning rainfall in the WRF model agrees with GOES IR data in the Korean Peninsula, but the afternoon convection observed by satellite observation in China is not consistent with the WRF rainfall which is represented at the dawn. Although there are errors in strength and timing of convection, the model predicts a coherent tendency of rainfall occurrence during summer season.

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