• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 2007

Ultrasonic absorption spectrum in bovine serum albumin aqueous solutions have been measured at $20^{\circ}C$ over the broad frequency range $0.2{\sim}1,000\;MHz$ at pH 7. The absorption spectrum observed at neutral pH was successfully analyzed with the distribution of relaxation time assuming a mirror-image curve of the Davidson-Cole function. This distribution function suggests that hydration of BSA molecules is responsible for the absorption.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.16 no.4 s.94
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• pp.260-265
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• 2007

Rubber compounds have high viscoelastic property. One of the viscoelastic behaviors during profile extrusion is the swelling of extrudate. In this study, die swells of rubber compounds at the capillary die have been investigated through experiment and computer simulation. Experiments and simulations have been performed using fluidity tester and commercial CFD code, Polyflow respectively. Die swells of rubber compounds in a capillary die were predicted using non-linear differential viscoelastic model, Phan-Thien-Tanner(PTT) model for various relaxation times and relaxation modes. The results of simulation were compared with the experiments. Pressure and velocity distribution, and circulation flows at the comer of capillary die have been investigated through computer simulation. It is concluded that the PTT model successfully represented the amount of the die swell of rubber compounds for various relaxation times at different modes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.413-416
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• 2002

The dielectric responses of 10 and 40 wt% siloxane-epoxy copolymers were investigated in temperature range near the glass transition of polydimethylsiloxane at which the dielectric transitions were also observed. On the other hand, the pure epoxy did not show any dielectric transition in measurement temperature range -90 to 150 $^{\circ}C.$ The experimental data showed that for the copolymer investigated, the temperature-frequency super-position principle could be applied to the dielectric response. From the Cole-Cole equation, the dielectric relaxation of the 10 wt% siloxane near the glass transition temperature resulted in a broad distribution with ${\beta}=$ 0.19 and the relaxation time at -70 $^{\circ}C$ was 5.3 ${\times}$ $10^{-2}$s. The glass transition temperature, 188 K, was estimated by using WLF relation, which was consistent with the data presented in experiment.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.283-291
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• 2023

The physical properties were analyzed for four gas diffusion layers, and gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for the cathode of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell were fabricated through bar coating with three binder to carbon (B/C) ratios. Among them, The GDE from JNT30-A6P showed a significant change in secondary pore volume at a B/C ratio of 0.31, which had the largest pore volume among all GDEs. In the polarization curve, JNT30-A6P GDE showed the best membrane electrode assembly (MEA) performance with a peak power density of 384 mW/cm² at a a B/C ratio of 0.31. From the distribution of relaxation time analysis, the peak 1 corresponding to mass transfer resistance of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was significantly reduced in the JNT30-A6P GDE. This is the result that when the binder content decreased, the volume of the secondary pore increased, and the mass transfer resistance of ORR decreased, which played an essential role in the MEA performance.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.216-217
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• 2008

In recent years, scientific community has found renewed interest in hypersonic flight research. These hypersonic vehicles undergo severe aero-thermal environment during their flight regimes. During reentry and hypersonic flight of these vehicles through atmosphere real gas effects come into play. The analysis of such hypersonic flows is critical for proper aero-thermal design of these vehicles. The numerical simulation of hypersonic real gas flows is a very challenging task. The present work emphasizes numerical simulation of hypersonic flows with thermal non-equilibrium. Hyperbolic system of equations with stiff relaxation method are identified in recent literature as a novel method of predicting long time behaviour of systems such as gas at high temperature. In present work, Energy Relaxation Method (ERM) has been considered to simulate the real gas flows. Navier-Stokes equations A numerical scheme Advection Upstream Splitting Method (AUSM) has been selected. Navier-Stokes solver along with relaxation method has been used for the simulation of real flow over a circular cylinder. Pressure distribution and heat flux over the surface of cylinder has been compared with experiment results of Hannemann. Present heat flux results over the cylinder compared well with experiment. Thus, real gas effects in hypersonic flows can be modeled through energy relaxation method.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 1997

The multistage deformation and stress relaxation were carried out to investigate the strain induced precipitation by torsion tests in the range of 1000~80$0^{\circ}C$, 0.05~5/sec for V-microalloyed steel. The starting temperature and time for the initiation of precipitation were determined by stress relaxation tests. The distribution of precipitates increased, as the strain rate increased and the mean size of precipitates was found to be about 10~30nm. The precipitation starting time$(P_s)$ decreased with increasing strain rate and the amount of pre-strain. The effect of deformation conditions on the no-recrystallization temperature$(T_nr)$ was also determined in the multistage deformation. $T_nr$ Tnr decreased with increasing the strain and strain rate. In the controlled rolling simulation, grain refinement and precipitation hardening effects could be achieved by the alternative large pass strain at the latter half pass stage under the condition of low temperature and high strain rate.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.14-21
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• 1999

The wave nature of heat conduction has been developed in situations involving extreme thermal gradients, very short times, or temperatures near absolute zero. Under the excitation of a periodic surface heating in a finite medium, the hyperbolic and parabolic heat conduction equations and the damped wave equations in heat flux are presented for comparative analysis by using the Green's function with the integral transform technique. The Kummer transformation is also utilized to accelerate the rate of convergence of these solutions. On the other hand, the temperature distributions are obtained through integration of the energy conservation law with respect to time. For hyperbolic heat conduction, the heat flux distribution does not exist throughout all the region in a finite medium within the range of very short times(${\xi}<{\eta}_l$). It is shown that due to the thermal relaxation time, the hyperbolic heat conduction equation has thermal wave characteristics as the damped wave equation has wave nature.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2001

Unlike existent field flow fractionation, new method, osmotic sink field flow fractionation is introduced and used ultrafiltration hollow fiber membranes as separation channel. This hollow fiber osmotic sink field flow fractionation is called HF-OSFFF. A theory that describes the retention, relaxation, resolution, plate number for the system, has been developed and experimentally verified by separation model of po1ystyrene latex beads. At external field, it is measured that radial flow rates change according to various concentrations of PEG solutions. Concentration of PEG solution vs. radial flow rate is a linear relation. For diameter distribution of unknown polymer sample, HF-OSFFF compared with the commercial capillary hydrodynamic flow fractionation (CHDF).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1996.03b
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• pp.48-54
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• 1996

The continuous deformation , multistage deformation and stress relaxation were carried out to investigate the strain induced procipitation by torsion tests in the range of 1000∼800$^{\circ}C$, 0.05/sec∼5/sec for V-microalloyed steel. The starting temperature and time for the initiation of precipitation were determined by stress relaxation tests and the distribution of percipitates increased at higher strain rate and the mean size of precipitates was found to be about 50nm. The precipitation starting time decreased with increasing strain rate from 0.05/sec to 5 /sec and pre-strain. The effect of deformation conditions on the no-recrystallization temperature(Tnr) was determined in the multistage deformation with declining temerature. The Tnr decreased with increasing strain and strain rae. In the controlled rolling, grain refinement and precpitation hardening effects could be achieved by the alternative large pass strain at the latter half pass stage under the condition of low temperature and high strain rate.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 2005

We consider the iterative schemes for the large sparse linear system to solve partial differential equations. Using spectral radius of iteration matrices, the optimal relaxation parameters and good parameters can be obtained. With those parameters we compare the effectiveness of the SOR and SSOR algorithms. Applying Crank-Nicolson approximation, we observe the error distribution according to domain decomposition. The number of processors due to domain decomposition affects time and error. Numerical experiments show that effectiveness of SOR and SSOR can be reversed as time size varies, which is not the usual case. Finally, these phenomena suggest conjectures about equilibrium time grid for SOR and SSOR.