• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.339-350
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• 2000

The three-dimensional new corrdinate system over a single hill double hills and complex terrain with a single hill and a rectangular obstacle was generated using a body-fitted coordinate system. Control of the coordinate line distribution in the field was executed by generalizing the elliptic generating system to Poisson equation. ▽2ξ=P. The new coordinate system was well fitted to the surface boundary of single hill and double hills. But in the case of complex terrain with hill and rectangular obstacle there was smoothing tendency around the rectangular obstacle. In order to show the validity of the body-fitted coordinate system the heat diffusion equation was transformed and the temperature distribution was calculated over the various terrain. The results showed the temperature distribution was very symmetrical and stable around hills and obstacle. As a result the couple of a body-fitted coordinate system and the heat diffusion equation were executed successfully. Wind field over complex terrain with hill and rectangular obstacle which represent urban area was simulated stably in body-fitted coordinate system. The qualitative result show the enhancement of wind speed at the upwind direction of a hill and a rectangular obstacle and the recirculation zone at the downwind direction.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.326-335
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference of cold-heat pattern according to sasang constitution. Methods 3891 subjects were joined in this study. The sasang cinstitution diagnosis were proceeded by sasang constitution experts. The questionnaires and anthropometric measurements of the subjects were collected. Results The effect of gender and body mass index on the cold-heat pattern according to sasang constitution were significant. The effect of age on the cold-heat pattern according to sasang constitution were not significant. The distribution of short form-12 and blood test on the cold-heat pattern according to sasang constitution were significant. Conclusions There were significant different distribution of cold-heat pattern asscording to sasang constitution by gender, body mass index, short form-12, blood test.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.731-744
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• 2002

The temperature distribution in human skin and subdermal tissue layer is presented using bioheat transfer equation. The body temperature is determined by the balance between heat produced and heat lost by our body. The time-dependent solutions have been found to be affected by the metabolic heat generation rate, blood mass flow, the rate of evaporation of perspiration and also by the atmospheric temperature. The analytic solutions for different layers have been calculated numerically and are also shown graphically.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.435-444
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• 2011

The development of ubiquitous healthcare technology and portable electronic devices requires new energy sources for providing continuous power supply. This study particularly focuses on an energy harvesting system capable of charging energy using clothing. One of the sources for energy harvesting is heat energy, which is the difference in temperature of the body and the surrounding environment. In this study, the skin temperature distribution of the human body was empirically measured to determine the basic materials needed to develop heat energy harvesting clothing. The distribution of skin temperature in different sections of the human body was analyzed. The analysis found that the skin temperature of the upper body was higher than that of the lower body. The area close to the heart with a lot of blood flow was especially high. The skin temperature of the back side of the body, such as the back of the neck, upper back, and waist, was higher than that of the front side of the body. As for the arms, the skin temperature of the upper arms was higher than that of the lower arms, and the skin temperature of the back side of the arms was lower than that of the front and the flank side of the arms. The difference in the average skin temperature and the environment temperature was highest at the back of the neck, and thereby is considered to be the most appropriate section to integrate the heat energy harvesting function and structure. The following sections had the next highest difference in values, listed in descending order: the back of the waist, the sides of shoulders, the front chest area, the front side of the upper arms, and the front abdomen. Based on the skin temperatures of the different sections of the human body, this study outlines the basic guidelines for developing heat energy harvesting clothing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1153-1161
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• 1997

The insulation provided by clothing system is usually expressed in terms of a coo units and its distribution of the body, directly affect convective, conductive, and radiant heat loss from the skin to the environment Evaporated heat loss is dependent upon fabric permeability, the amount of body surface area covered by clothing, and the pumping of air between the body and garment layers. Persons at low to medium activity levels, dressed in conventional apparel in door environments, usually do not lose a large amount of heat through evaporation. Thermal manikin technology is used to measure the resistance to heat transfer provided by clothing systems. The reciprocal of this value, 6.45 W/m2.$^{\circ}C$ is often used in calculations for convenience. The purpose of this study was to implement a research program for calculation the insulation value (clo), body surface area and basal metabolic rate of selected clothing system. The project provided for the building of an insulation data base for use in evaluating and comparing new and improved garments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.359-362
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• 2006

Infra-red thermography was conducted to understand a heat transfer characteristic on a surface protruded to a supersonic flowfield. Surface temperature distribution was obtained under the constant heat flux condition with a infra-red camera and the convective heat transfer coefficient distribution was calculated. Finally, two dimensional distribution of heat transfer coefficient on a surface around a cylinder body was derived.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.135-137
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• 2005

The body of the work covers FSW welding of Al6061 and its thermal distribution based on an analytical model for the heat input at the probe/matrix boundary of Al plates and FSW tool due to the effect of combined translation and rotational motion of the tool pin and shoulder. Finally the 2D- finite element heat transfer analysis program has been used to plot the heat distribution at the Friction Stir Welded joint in Al 6061 plate. The work concludes that the heat distribution result obtained from FE analysis has a reasonable agreement with the experimentally measured values.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.50-59
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• 1996

The computer simulation program that calculates the transient heat load transferred to a passenger vehicle has been developed. Method for modeling mathematically various kinds of the heat load was presented and the derived equations were solved numerically. To find out the accuracy of the simulation program, the correlation of experimental and analytical results was demonstrated. By using this program, the typical characteristics about temperature distribution and instantaneous or of vehicle body color, material of glass, air-conditioning capacity, driving direction, and speed. Under a steady-state condition, the ratios of the heat load, resulting form vehicle body, glass, and interior part, were 35%, 29%, and 36%, respectively.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 1994

The transient temperature distribution of materials during upsetting forming is very important for quality of upsetted workpiece and understanding the thermal characteristics of upsetting is essential for optimum control of the forming. In this paper it is shown that the governing equation of heat transfer for axi-symetric body can be derived from minimizing a functional, and from this theory, formulation of analysis by the finite element method is presented. It is also shown that the thermal contact resistance between two bodies can be represented by equivalent coefficient of heat conductivity. Some examples of calsulated transient temperature distributions by the computer program diveloped from the theory presented in this paper are given in graphic forms. It is proven that the results calculations are very plausible.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2022

Partial-hardened hot stamping has been well known to be very effective to absorb more energy in automotive lateral crash. Hardness distribution and dimensional change after partial-hardened hot stamping have been studied to find out effect of thermal deformation of the heated hot stamping die on dimensional accuracy of automotive center pillar. Soft zone of commercial center pillar showed 275~345 in Vickers hardness, indicating bigger non-uniformity which resulted from thermal deformation of heated die. Dimensional changes in soft zone of the commercial center pillar measured by three dimensional scanner were much bigger than that in hard zone. It has been found that hot stamping die compensation considering thermal deformation in soft zone causes a significant decrease in hardness deviation in the soft zone, corresponding to 20 percent of commercial center pillar and subsequently leads to much higher dimensional accuracy.