• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.561-572
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze the causality between GDP per capita, urbanization, and education. This also aims to determine the long-term and short-term relationships between economic urbanization, education, and GDP per capita by applying Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Data was obtained from the World Bank and UNDP from 1990 to 2018. The estimation results showed that economic growth and education on urbanization have the strongest causality in VECM. Therefore, they are pull factors with a significant effect in the long and the short term. Some suggestions concerning policy implications were stated, and they include: forming area-based urbanization, where cities within one area are integrated, to get the impact of an agglomeration economy. Also, the government needs to accelerate the distribution of infrastructure and public facilities in various regions to avoid population density in one area due to urbanization, and government needs to pay attention to easier access to education and more equitable ones in various regions. On the contrary, after education is evenly distributed in all regions, the government needs to pay attention to transportation access and infrastructure.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.310-323
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• 2023

도시화 현상과 소득분배 문제는 세계적 관심사이며, 소득불평등에 도시화가 미치는 영향에 대한 연구들의 결과는 분석 국가와 기간마다 상이하게 나타났다. 본 연구는 2000-2021년 기간의 지역 데이터를 사용하여 우리나라 소득불평등에 도시화가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 특히 지니계수에 시차 자기상관과 공간의존성 및 공통요인 효과가 존재함을 확인하고, 이를 고려한 동적공간패널회귀모형을 통해 분석하였다. 추정 결과, 지역의 도시화는 소득불평등 감소에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 소득분배 문제의 개선을 위해 지역별 도시화를 지속적으로 추진할 필요가 있으며, 이미 도시화율이 높은 지역은 저숙련 노동자의 교육훈련 기회 확대로 임금격차를 줄임으로써 소득불평등을 감소시켜야 하며, 도시화 종착 단계에서 발생할 수 있는 역도시화 현상을 방지하기 위한 방안을 마련해야 한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2020

This article aims to measure the impact of economic growth and urbanization on poverty reduction in Vietnam, and verify whether economic growth and urbanization will help reduce poverty rates. Data for this study are tabular data related to growth, urbanization and poverty at the provincial level for the period of nine years, from 2006 to 2014 provided by the Vietnam General Statistics Office and the Vietnam General Department of Customs. The level of economic growth and urbanization mentioned in the study is reflected in such indicators as GDP value, exports value, imports value, urbanization rate and employment rate. The authors used logistic regression models with fixed-effects and logistic regression models with random effects. With 5% confidence level tested by the Chi-Square test of Hausman trial with the fixed-effect model, research results show that: (1) factors with significant negative impact on the poverty rate include imports value, urbanization rate and, employment rate; (2) factors that do not affect the poverty rate include exports value and GDP value. Based on the research results, this study proposes a number of policy recommendations to help promote economic growth, to sustain the urbanization process, and to contribute directly and positively to poverty reduction in Vietnam.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2000

This study is carried out the analysis of the runoff characteristics for the design of the interior drainage systems by SWMM in urbanization basin. The basin analyzed in this study is Bumuh-chun basin which is located in Susung-gu of Taegu city. Huff method is used for rainfall distribution analysis. The optimal rainfall duration in Bumuh-chun basin is analyzed as about 90 minutes decided from comparison of arrival time and critical duration. Flood flow variation pattern is proposed through the comparison of the results of peak flow and peak time analyzed by SWMM about pre-urbanization and post-urbanization of Bumuh-chun basin. It is known that the variation of arrival time caused by the rapid increase of pavement rate in the upper area shows about 20∼25 minutes faster than pre- urbanization. Therefore, the management of surface water for design of water supply and drainage, and channel alteration has to considered the variation of geological factors according to urbanization.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the relationship between urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in Indonesia. The data used in the study are time-series data for the period 1985-2017; the data utilized are sourced from World Development Indicators obtained on the World Bank database. The method uses a quantitative approach that applies the vector error correction model based on the Granger causality test. The empirical results reveal that, in the short run, there is evidence that urbanization and energy consumption can causes CO2 emissions, and they also prove that urbanization can cause energy consumption. Also, other findings prove the existence of long-run relationships flowing from energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions toward urbanization, as well as the existence of the relationship flowing from urbanization, economic growth, and CO2 emissions towards energy consumption. The results of testing the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions reveal that the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is proven in Indonesia. Thus, policies are needed to limit the impact of urbanization through high awareness-raising to maintain environmental quality and greater use of energy. Also, energy conservation policies are needed in all sectors, especially the electricity, industry, and transportation sectors.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2020

Purpose - This study aims to lay the foundation for a desirable direction to solve future environmental problems through framework research on environmental cooperation according to distribution of urbanization between South and North Korea. The article also attempts to explore solution to two Koreas' environmental problems from the cooperative perspective between South and North Korea and draw future policy tasks. Research design, data, and methodology - For methodology, North Korea's legal system to cope with disasters is taken into consideration in terms of literature review. This study also analyzes a series of processes related to North Korea's disaster management through case study, and draws policy measures for North and South Korea's cooperation scope and methods. Result - The results support that North Korea is very vulnerable to environmental disasters due to food shortages, economic sanctions, and enormous natural disaster damages including flood damages occurring each year, because of the lack of disaster prevention infrastructure such as river maintenance. Conclusion - At the current time when North and South Koran exchange and cooperation increase, a disaster management cooperative system is needed for the areas where South and North Korea manage through division. It also suggests that there is a need to establish regulations and procedures for support items in advance for a quick response to disasters in North Korean region.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the distributions of the native and introduced dandelins in the western Kyonggido area and to determine the environmental factor influencing distribution of dandelions. One hundered and thirty seven study sites were randomly selected along roadsides in urban areas, arable lands, apartment areas and industry regions, and vegetation, dandelion's seed characters and soil acidity were sureyed. Throughout the areas the introduced dandelions were more widely distributed than the native ones. The native dandelions were scarcely distributed in the developed areas and roadsides. The introduced dandelions were dominantly distributed in the new environments where soils were alkalized by the trban development, road pavement, and construction of new buildings, while the native ones were mostly distributed in the rural area with weakly acid soil. The seed production of the introduced ones were two times more than that of the native ones. The seed of the introduced ones were lighter than that of the native ones. The introduced ones yield seeds more than four times a year. These results suggested the urbanization and the seed characters to bet the two dominant factors influencing the distribution of dandelions.

• 한국인구학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.98-114
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• 1995

이 연구는 급격한 변동을 겪어 온 한국사회에서 도시화가 어떻게 이루어지고 있고 도시인구의 분포의 측면에서 불평등이 어떻게 이루어져 있는지를 살펴보고 있다. 이 연구결과 1966-70년 사이에 급격히 이루어진 도시화의 성격이 부각되었고, 또 도농간의 성장속도의 차이도 아주 높았음이 드러났다. 무엇보다도 서울의 수위도시성이 명백히 드러났다. 하지만 서울의 수위도시성은 1970년이래 서서히 감소되기 시작했고, 불평등지수인 지니계수를 통해 검증한 결과 1970년에 비해 1990년의 도시인구분포의 불평등성은 완화된 것으로 보이나, 여전히 큰 불평등이 존재하고 있다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.70-97
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• 1995

이 논문은 지난 반세기동안 북한에서 이루어진 도시화의 추세와 그 특징을 분석하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 우선 분단 이후 행정구역변천의 주요 내용을 개괄하였고, 지역별 인구분포를 살펴보았다. 그리고 도시인구의 변화추세와 도시체계의 특징을 경제발전정책과 관련하여 파악하고자 노력하였다. 북한에서는 6.25 전쟁 종료 이후 중공업 위주의 발전정책에 때라 1960년대 말까지 빠른 속도로 도시화가 진행되었으나, 1970년대 초부터 폐쇄적인 경제발전전략이 한계를 드러내면서 도시화의 속도는 현격하게 떨어졌다. 북한의 도시화 과정에 있어서 두드러진 특징은 새로운 도시의 육성전략에 따라 내륙지역의 도시들이 급속히 성장하였고, 중소도시의 인구규모가 꾸준히 증가햐였다는 것이다. 아울러 평양을 비롯한 대도시에서도 도시경계의 확장과 더불어 인구증가가 이루어졌다. 북한의 주요 도시들은 인구규모는 작으나, 외곽에 농업지역을 포함하고 있기 때문에 그 면적은 남한의 대도시들보다 훨씬 더 넓다. 또한 평양이 지니는 사회주의적 종주도시의 성격과 위성도시들의 두드러진 성장도 특징으로 지적될 수 있다. 마지막으로, 이 연구에서는 북한의 이동인구규모와 그 특징, 그리고 통일후에 예상되는 인구이동에 관한 논의도 이루어졌다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.385-396
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 도시화나 지리지형적 특성에 따른 강수량의 분포와 추세를 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 서울을 포함하여 전국 56개 기후관측지점에서 1973년부터 2006년까지의 강수량 자료를 수집하여 분석을 실시하였다. 분석을 위하여 계절적 영향을 고려하여 1월, 4월, 7월 그리고 10월의 월평균 일별과 연평균 일별 강수량 추세를 분석하였다. 그리고 이들 연구지역에 대해서 GIS 분석을 이용하여 지리지형적 특성을 파악하였고, 도시화 정도를 파악하기 위하여 토지피복자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과 연평균 일별 강수량 추세는 대부분의 연구지역에서 증가하고 있으며, 4월과 10월의 강수량은 감소추세에 있고, 1월과 7월의 경우 증가추세에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 도시화 영향을 고려할 때, 강수량 변화는 연별이나 7월의 경우 증가추세를 보이나 1, 4, 10월 강수량의 경우 감소추세를 보였다. 또한 도시화율이나 해안 근접성과 비교하여 연구지역의 평균고도는 연평균 및 월평균 강수량 추세에 가장 중요한 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다.