• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.1209-1218
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• 2017

A variety of sensors is widely used these days, and it has become much easier to acquire spatial big data streams from various sources. Since spatial data streams have inherently skewed and dynamically changing distributions, the system must effectively distribute the load among workers. Previous studies to solve this load imbalance problem are not directly applicable to processing spatial data. In this research, we propose Adaptive Spatial Key Grouping (ASKG). The main idea of ASKG is, by utilizing the previous distribution of the data streams, to adaptively suggest a new grouping scheme that evenly distributes the future load among workers. We evaluate the validity of the proposed algorithm in various environments, by conducting an experiment with real datasets while varying the number of workers, input rate, and processing overhead. Compared to two other alternative algorithms, ASKG improves the system performance in terms of load imbalance, throughput, and latency.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.26-40
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• 2016

Recent researches have been conducted for a user of the position acquisition and analysis since the mobile devices was developed. Trajectory data mining of location analysis method for a user is used to extract the meaningful information based on the user's trajectory. It should be preceded by a process of extracting Stay Point. In order to carry out trajectory data mining by analyzing the user of the GPS Trajectory. The conventional Stay Point extraction algorithm is low confidence because the user to arbitrarily set the threshold values. It does not distinguish between staying indoors and outdoors. Thus, the ambiguity of the position is increased. In this paper we proposed extraction method of Stay Point using a statistical analysis. We proposed algorithm improves position accuracy by extracting the points that are staying indoors and outdoors using Gaussian distribution. And we also improve reliability of the algorithm since that does not use arbitrarily set threshold.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to provide the accurate information on improvement of visual life by examining old age's eye refraction state and investigating distribution of ametropia in old age. The test was performed the visual acuity test by object and subject methods to over 60 years of age. The results were as follows: 1. As the result to investigate the inconvenience degree of visual life, the subjects appealed 81% for very inconvenience and 14% for a little inconvenience. 5% of them didn't feel any inconvenience in visual life. 2. The eye types were 1.7% for emmetropia, 10% for myopia, 74.7% for hyperopia, and 13.6% mixed astigmatism, respectively. 3. The axis of astigmatisms were 65% positive for indirect astigmatism, 8% for direct astigmatism, and 27% for oblique astigmatism, respectively.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 1988

A fully non-linear two-dimensional model for studying basic tidal dynamics within the Arabian Gulf has been formulated. The model extends to the east as far as continental shelf edge and has a mesh resolution of 1/12 degree latitude by 1/10 degree longitude. The developed model was used to investigate the distribution of dominant $M_2$, $S_2$, $K_1$, $O_1$ and $N_2$ tides adopting the open boundary tidal information from Schwiderski's global ocean tidal model. Computed co amplitude and cophase charts were presented independently and comparison between these charts and existing Admiralty tidal charts were made. Maximum bottom stress vector during the semidiurnal period due to $M_2$ and $M_4$ tides are also presented to suggest the possible direction of sediment movement in the region.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.74-85
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• 1997

To investigate the perception and consumption of imported and organic produce, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire in Seoul, Taejon and Cheongju from February to March in 1995. The responses of 350 housewives were analyzed. Most of the subjects (96.8%) know an increase of imported produce, and 86.3% thought that imported produce was not safe. Ninety-two percent of the subjects preferred domestic produce to imported produce. The reasons were for the support of domestic farming (36.7%), hazardous chemicals in imported produce (25.0%), good taste (24.1%) and high quality of domestic produce (13.1%). Seventy-eight percent of the subjects had purchased imported produce. The reasons for purchase were cheap price (67.7%), high quality (16.2%), and good taste (5.4%). Imported produce were purchased in the following order ; fruits such as banana, kiwi, orange and grapefruit, seasonings such as garlic and sesame, vegetables such as onion, braken and green onion, and beans and grains such as soybean, red bean, and barley. Most of the subjects (94.3%) had been informed on organic produce. Among these, 45.2% obtained the information by TV or radio. However, son for purchase was low residual chemicals (64.6%). The reasons against purchase were inconvenience of purchase (42.3%), high price (25.4%), and disbelief of low residual chemicals (19.7%). Therefore, domestic produce should be good in quality and taste, and be safe without residual chemicals in order to compete with imported produce with cheap price. Informations on organic and imported produce should be provided to consumers, and the distribution system of organic produce should be improved for consumers convenience.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2007

In this reaearch, our goal is to find the representative adjectives which express the sensitivity for wall paper. We want to make a model which can explain the whole by using the representative adjectives. We got the adjectives through the questionnaire survey, field survey, and internet survey. To find the representative adjectives, we used modified factor analysis. The factor analysis used in preceding research can not control the individual difference of sensitivity, because the distribution information of data is concentrated into the mean. So, we used the modified factor analysis to control it. The experimental result showed that the reduced factors could account about 79.5% when the number of factor are three. The individual difference of sensitivity was reflected in some adjectives. This result can be used to make a recommending model for wallpaper.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.61-72
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of the capital structure of firms operating in a developing economy, Pakistan. The quantile regression method is applied on a sample of 183 non-financial companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange during the period of 2008-2017. Specifically, the empirical analysis focuses on changes in the coefficients of the determinants according to the leverage ratio quantiles of the examined listed firms. The findings show that the capital structure of Pakistan listed firms differs between firms in different quantiles of leverage. These differences are significant with the sign of explanatory variables changes with the level of leverage. The research result found tangibility, profitability and age to be positively related to leverage among listed firms in Pakistan. However, size, liquidity and non-debt tax shield (NDTS) are negatively related to leverage. A firm's growth and risk are found to be insignificant predictors of capital structure in Pakistan listed firms. Moreover, the study also found a significant impact of industry characteristic on leverage. The findings of this study indicate that an individual firm's finance policy needs to be responsive to the firm's characteristics and should match with the different borrowing requirements of listed firms.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.355-369
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to identify on the attitudes toward the life support care among elderly people using Q methodology. Methods: Thirty-nine elderly people classified 34 selected Q statements into a shape of normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The obtained data were analyzed by using a PQ Method PC program. Results: Principal component analysis identified 4 types of the attitudes toward the life support care among elderly people. Type I is "Situational & Self-determination linear type", type II is "Destiny & Life support care denied type", type III is "Avoidant & Family decision emphasis type" and type IV is "Respect for life & life support care approved type". Most of elderly people have been attitude that wish to receive honor their own decisions toward the prolongation treatment. Conclusion: The findings indicate a need to policy guidelines and public information that express self-determination of elderly people.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2008

Acoustic technology is commonly used to estimate the biomass and distribution of fisheries resources in coastal areas and the open ocean. Acoustic surveys were conducted on 24-26 May and 20-21 June, 2005, and 15-18 June and 27-30 July, 2006, near the Tongyoung, Geojae, and Namhae anchovy fishing grounds using a dual beam echo sounder. Information was obtained on the distributions of adult and juvenile anchovy (depth and position). We calculated and compared anchovy biomass using simple summation. In this study, all backscatter was attributed to anchovy. We assumed that the average target strength of anchovy was -70 dB and the average body weight was 3 g in May and June 2005, and that the target strength of anchovy was -65 dB and the average body weight was 5 g for pelagic individuals in July 2006. The anchovy biomass in May 2005 was estimated to be 0.147 million tons using the traditional method, while using the summation method, the estimated anchovy biomass was 0.062 million tons in June 2005, 0.21 million tons in June 2006, and in 0.43 million tons in July 2006.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.26.1-26.8
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• 2016

Background: The nematode species belonging to genus Anisakis occur at their third larval stage in numerous marine teleost fish species worldwide and known to cause accidental human infection through the ingestion of raw or undercooked fish or squids. They may also draw the attention of consumers because of the visual impact of both alive and dead worms. Therefore, the information on their geographical distribution and clear species identification is important for epidemiological survey and further prevention of human infection. Results: For identification of anisakid nematodes species isolated from largehead hairtail (Trichiurus japonicus), polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA were conducted. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 gene was also sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was conducted. From the largehead hairtail (n = 9), 1259 nematodes were isolated in total. Most of the nematodes were found encapsulated throughout the viscera (56.2 %, 708/1259) or moving freely in the body cavity (41.5 %, 523/1259), and only 0.3 % (4/1259) was found in the muscles. By PCR-RFLP, three different nematode species were identified. Anisakis pegreffii was the most dominantly found (98.7 %, 1243/1259) from the largehead hairtail, occupying 98.7 % (699/708) of the nematodes in the mesenteries and 98.1 % (513/523) in the body cavity. Hybrid genotype (Anisakis simplex ${\times}$ A. pegreffii) occupied 0.5 %, and Hysterothylacium sp. occupied 0.2 % of the nematodes isolated in this study. Conclusions: The largehead hairtail may not significantly contribute accidental human infection of anisakid nematode third stage larvae because most of the nematodes were found from the viscera or body cavity, which are not consumed raw. But, a high prevalence of anisakid nematode larvae in the largehead hairtail is still in concern because they may raise food safety problems to consumers. Immediate evisceration or freezing of fish after catch will be necessary before consumption.