• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate usefulness in diagnosing primary malignant lesion of metastatic bone tumor using $^{18}F$ FDG PET/CT. Material & Methods: Retrospective analysis was executed on 5,452 patients who were taken with $^{18}F$ FDG PET/CT between December 2003 and December 2007. 180 patients who had not any history of malignancy and complained musculoskeletal pain and had ill-defined osteolytic lesion in plain X-ray, were included. 96 male and 84 female were enrolled and mean age was 59.1 year old (22~90). We analyzed diagnostic accuracy, age and sex distribution of primary malignant lesion, location of metastatic lesion. Results: We could confirmed primary malignant lesion in 152 cases (84.4%). Most common malignant primary lesion was lung (28.3%), breast (18.9%) and gastrointestinal system (16.7%) and spine was the most common metastatic location of primary malignant lesion. Conclusion: $^{18}F$ FDG PET/CT is a effective molecular imaging detecting primary malignant lesion in patients having metastatic bone lesion without history of malignancy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.1417-1426
• /
• 2011

Business still relies heavily on pen and paper for legal reasons or convenience. The handwritten document is to be converted into digitalized document for IT system to manage and process in real time. Because the previous document digitalization systems convert the handwritten documents into digitalized documents by scanning and post-processing the documents, it is difficult to seamlessly proceed the work process. This paper proposes the LiveForm, a framework for digitalizing handwritten document using digital pen and handwriting recognition technology. To prove the applicability of the proposed LiveForm, we also implement a LiveForm based service in industrial gas distribution process and analyze effects of the system. The LiveForm generates the same digital image as the handwritten document by writing up the paper with absolute coordinates by digital pen and converts the handwriting data to digital text to insert the information into back-end system. The LiveForm based system eliminates scanning for document digitalization and data input with keyboard into back-end system in paper-based information gathering. Therefore, it is possible for the LiveForm to improve work process in various business areas.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.30 no.1 s.107
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2006

At the adjacent sea area of Busan Central Wharf, a variety of vessels, such as middle-large passenger ships, small hugh speed crafts, container ships, cargo ships and working boats as well as small miscellaneous vessels are freely sailing comparatively without special rules and marine traffic control. In this research, we analyzed traffic stream and navigational characteristics cf main traffic route based on statistics and distribution of tracks by ship's type and tonnage cf the passing vessels after conducting marine traffic survey twice using exclusive software. We examined the traffic safety of the passing vessels by classifying the sea area by each function based on the analysis about this traffic situation, and analyzing the effect by designating 'Inner passage'. We also studied the plan for the effective rearrangement cf Central Wharf considering basically the traffic safety of arrival and departure in a point of view of navigators.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2008

We synthesized and investigated $(La_{0.75}Sr_{0.25})_{1-x}FeO_{3-\delta}$ perovskite oxides having different stoichiomety (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) as cathode materials. SEM images and XRD patterns reveal that the synthesized powder has uniform size distribution and high degree of crystallinity. The electrochemical performances of the synthesized powders were investigated by AC impedance spectroscopy. Both the electric conductivity and the electrochemical performance showed the highest properties at the stoichiometry x = 0.02. Finally, we concluded that the variation of A-site deficiency results in the variation of the amount of oxygen vacancy and micro structure, which leads to the variation of electric conductivity and polarization resistance.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.1319-1328
• /
• 2011

Rhododendron brachycarpum is a evergreen broad-leaved shrub and belongs to the Ericaceae family and the Rhododendron genus. It is well known for its beautiful leaves and flowers. There are 11 species of the Rhododendron genus in Korea. It includes 3 species - Rhododendron brachycarpum, Rhododendron aureum Georgi and Rhododendron brachycarpum var. roseum Koidz. They grow naturally over 1,000 meters above sea level of the Baekdu Mountain Range in Korea. These habitats, according to investigations of 9 Rhododendron brachycarpum natural habitats, are mostly located on the slope of mountains facing north at an altitude of 1,200 m to 1,526 m above sea level with angle of inclination from 30 degrees to 45 degrees. Based on the result of vegetation analysis of dominance species in the quadrates, there are Quercus aliena, Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb, Abies holophylla in species of upper trees, and so on. Dominant species of woody plants in tree layer are Quercus aliena, Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb, Abies holophylla, Betula platyphylla and Veeatrum patulum Loes. fil, Erythronium japonicum, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Paeonia japonica var. glabra Makino are founded in herbaceous plants. And we can see another result of the investigation that the flowering rates of the plants with the buds are highly ranked mountains such as Mt. Hambaek 68%, Mt. Gyebang 40%, Mt. Yagksu 9%, Mt. Gaein 7% and Mt. Seolag 0%. The results show that there are 24 over 15-year-old Rhododendron brachycarpums in Mt. Odae and are 56 under 15-year-old trees in Mt. Hambaek and are no trees in Mt. Gyebang and are 9 over 30-year-dead trees only in Mt. Taebaeg. Out of found trees, the highest tree is 7 m in height and 0.6 m in diameter. Also this result shows what are the vulnerability factors of the natural habitats. They are as follows: indiscriminate trails in mountains, damages by mountain climbers, uncareful plant collecting, the fierce competitions with other plants such as Acer pseudosieboldianum var. ishidoyanum Uyeki, Quercus aliena, Celastrus orbiculatus and damages by disease and insect, unusual temperature in natural habitats, etc. Rhododendron brachycarpums have high ornamental value and excellent pharmaceutical effect. But the areas of its habitats decrease dramatically. So we need measures to protect and their natural habitats. It is necessary that we conductfurther investigations to designate conservation area for Rhododendron brachycarpums.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.31 no.7
• /
• pp.720-737
• /
• 2010

This study is to analyze the temporal and spatial distributions of solar radiation in South Korea. Solar radiation data is observed every minute at 22 KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) stations using pyranometer from January 2000 to August 2007. These data were calibrated using intensive comparative observation and solar radiation model. Intensive comparative observations are accomplished at 22 KMA stations between KNU (Kangnung (Gangneung-Wonju) National University) standard and station instruments during the month of August 2007. The solar radiation of a clear sky mainly is affected by precipitable water, solar altitude and geological height. Also old (raw) data is corrected by the solar radiation model only about clear day and is revised based on the temporal trend of instrument's sensitivity decrease. At all periods and all stations, differences between raw data (13.31 MJ/day) and corrected data (13.75 MJ/day) are 0.44 MJ/ day. So, the spatial distribution of solar radiation is calculated with seasonal and annual mean, and is the relationship with cloud amount is analyzed. The corrected data show a better consistency with the cloud amount than the old data.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.577-587
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the consumption pattern and perception of traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products in male and female adults aged 19 and over in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas in order to promote the development of the products' industry. The survey was conducted between October 1 to October 15, 2011 among 294 male and female adults aged 19 years and over in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas. The gender distribution of the subjects was 33.3% males and 66.7% females. For a perception on traditional dietary life, the degree for enjoying meals with cooked rice as the staple food revealed that 32.3% of the subjects responded 'strongly agree'. The intake frequency of traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products in the subjects of the study showed that in the case of doenjang, 49.7% of the participants consumed it twice a week and 21.4% consumed it once a week. For gochujang, 59.9% consumed it twice a week and 19.0% consumed it once a week. The perception on the preparation method for traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products showed a low level for traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products. The reason for purchasing traditional foods showed that 77.6% of the subjects made purchases for convenience and 8.2% purchased it for its small package. For the subjects, the priority for purchasing traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products was as follows: in the first rank, ingredients & origin made up 33.7% and price comprised of 26.2% of the priority. Regarding satisfaction for soy sauce and soybean paste products in the market, the degree of satisfaction was high for gochujang. With regard to gender difference, female subjects showed a significantly lower satisfaction for cheonggukjang and kuk-ganjang, and a significantly higher satisfaction for chin-ganjang, compared to the male subjects. The results of the study depicted that consumer's requirement was high for traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products in the market, particularly for the safety of the products in the market. Consumer satisfaction was relatively positive yet, some efforts are needed in order to improve the quality of cheonggukjang and kuk-ganjang.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.11
• /
• pp.335-347
• /
• 2019

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between social support and depression of the elderly in care facilities. We enrolled 328 elderly people aged 65 years or older, admitted to 15 care facilities located in D metropolitan city. Data were collected through personal interviews conducted by interviewers who visited each care facility, from March 1 to May 31, 2018. Our results indicate a significantly higher distribution of depression in the group having lower social support; the score of depression was determined to be in a significant positive correlation with social support. Considering logistic regression, the adjusted odds ratio in the depressed group increased significantly by 2.7 times in the high group (Q3), 5.4 times in the middle group (Q2) and 10.1 times in the low group (Q1), which had the very high group of social support score. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the factors influencing depression include religion status, relationship with children, subjective health status, physical disabilities, smoking status, breakfast status, and social support, and the explanation power of the injected variables is 41.1%. Taken together, our findings indicate that the level of depression amongst the elderly in care facilities is significantly related to the social support available.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.11
• /
• pp.740-745
• /
• 2020

To calculate the reasonable design temperature load of a concrete box girder bridge, one bridge test specimen was made. The temperature gauges installed on the bridge test specimen measured 48 sets of temperature per day at 30-minute intervals during the summer and winter periods of one year. The temperature measured at each station was treated statistically to calculate the trend line and standard error, and the temperature distribution and trend line at the representative station were presented. The maximum effective temperature and the lowest effective temperature were calculated from the air temperature suggested by Euro code. The maximum effective temperature was calculated to be 1.5 to 2℃ higher than the Euro code at 35℃ and above. In comparison, the lowest effective temperature was 0.5 to 1.1℃ lower at -13℃ to-19℃. Compared to the effective temperature of this study according to the highest and lowest 50-year frequency of the Yangsan region, the highest effective temperature was 4.7℃ higher, and the lowest effective temperature was 4.5℃ lower. Considering the increasing climate change and reflecting the results of this analysis, it is deemed necessary to make the current temperature design standards larger.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.101-122
• /
• 2014

In this study, the Pine & Gilmore(1998) and Schmitt(1999, 2003), based on previous studies. Recent trends in large department stores and distribution outlets, discount stores and large retail centers, such as the consumer's experience is divided into internal and external fashion brand stores navigation study. Fashion Brand Stores are defined as the inside of the fashion brand store of the form that sells only the products of a fashion company's brand. Meanwhile, shopping center is defined as all the places at the inside and out of the shopping center excluding the inside of the fashion brand store. Likewise, definitions are clarified as such for use. As for the research method for this study, semi-structured focus group interviews were used since they could provide many more data compared to in-depth interviews. Accordingly, data was collected while carrying out free discussions while two to three subjects listened to each other's opinion regarding the key words raised by the interviewer and while thinking about their experience at the inside and outside of the fashion brand stores. As for the subjects, female consumers between the ages of 20 and 50 were targeted, and the interviews conducted with four, seven, four and three women in their 20s, 30s, 40s and 50s, were used, respectively. Likewise, there were a total of 18 subjects. Exploratory Study of Customer Experience area was classified into integration of significance and categorization. In particular, the contents were classified into elements of experience inside the fashion brand stores and fashion brand stores outsider experience in the shopping center elements and the elements of the common experience of fashion stores and shopping centers based on the results concerning the key contents identified in-depth from the customer aspect. The key experience elements at the inside of fashion brand stores were identified as VMD experience, emotional experience, and experience of the service provided by sales representatives. As for the key experience elements at the shopping center which is at the outside of the fashion brand store, they included service scape experience, cultural event experience, playful behavior experience. Meanwhile, elements of common experience included educational experience and exclusivity experience and human respect experience, which demonstrated some difference in terms of the contents.