• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 2023

Purpose: Online distribution channel alludes to the many different digital channels utilized in marketing and distributing goods and services to end users. The present research aims to explore and provide various retail strategy for the success of the art market within online distribution channel. Research design, data and methodology: The current author has conducted and investigate the qualitative textual methodology to take a look at carefully the current and prior literature dataset to achieve the purpose of the present research so that the present author could obtain total 27 relevant prior studies. Results: According to the comprehensive literature investigation, this research has found that there are six kinds of retail strategy for the prosperity of the art market within online distribution channel as follows: (1) Blockchain Technology, (2) Artificial Intelligence (AI), (3) Virtual Reality (VR), (4) Online Market Places, (5) Social Media, and (6) Regulations. Conclusions: The results of this analysis of the relevant literature show that the art market industry needs to adjust to keep up with the quickly shifting landscape of the digital world. In addition, although these technologies can be helpful in addressing difficulties linked to authenticity and transparency, they cannot eliminate the hazards of fraud and misrepresentation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine how payment systems for traditional distribution channels pursue changes and how they collaborate in-depth with fintech companies. This study examines the changing payment system through the strategic partnership between distribution companies and fintech companies. Research Design, Data and Methodology: The study conducted research using a variety of secondary materials and existing literature and also utilized the interview method. More specific and in-depth research is conducted through various literature studies and secondary data. Findings and Results: The findings of the study are as follows. First, distributors have occasionally directly adopted simple payment systems due to changes in payment systems as a result of online advances. Second, distributors were found to collaborate with fintech companies when not directly using simple payment. Conclusions: Such maneuvers by distributors are aimed at first, providing convenience and simplicity for consumers. Second, developing the ability to apply big data for accumulating consumer information and third, producing a customer lock-in effect by reducing the fees charged for existing payment services. The present study will provide many domestic and international distributors with a new perspective and practical implications in terms of the distribution and finance industries.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to find the impact of international trade cooperation and distribution on foreign direct investment (FDI). The study also tests the impact of lag variables of trade cooperation and distribution on FDI in the future. Research design, data, and methodology: Autoregressive Distributed Lag model is applied to analyze the impact of chosen variables such as total trade (TRADE), trade openness (OPEN), the exchange rate (EXR), inflation (INF), and gross domestic growth (GDP) on FDI. Quarterly data is collected from Vietnam General Statistic Office, Vietnam General Department of Customs, International Monetary Fund, and The World Bank from 2006 to 2020. Stata 14 software is used to analyze the regression and test variables. Results: The findings indicate that TRADE, OPEN, INF, GDP, and their lags affect both positively and negatively on FDI in different periods. While OPEN still expresses an unclear impact on FDI. Moreover, this study proves that the FDI of a nation is influenced by international cooperation. Conclusions: This study indicates the importance of international trade cooperation and distribution in not only attracting foreign investment sources but also developing the economy. Findings are necessary bases for governments or authorities in signing international trade agreements in the future.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.23-35
• /
• 2024

This study investigates the organizational factors including firm size, adaptive capability, absorptive capability, innovative capability, and executive support to determine internet of things, production and services, and organizational performance. Research design, data, and methodology: A quantitative methodology was employed, involving the distribution of surveys to 460 employees occupying managerial and strategic roles. These individuals have accrued a minimum of one year of experience within 20 leading manufacturing and distribution companies in Thailand, each boasting a workforce exceeding 250 employees. Sampling techniques utilized encompass judgmental, quota, and snowball sampling. Furthermore, analysis of the data was conducted through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Model (SEM). Results: The findings indicate that factors such as firm size, adaptive capability, absorptive capability, and innovative capability exert significant influence on the Internet of Things (IoT). In addition, IoT significantly impacts both production and services. Furthermore, the study highlights the significant influence of production and services on organizational performance. However, the anticipated relationship between executive support and IoT lacks support according to the results. Conclusions: This study highlights the transformative potential of IoT for the manufacturing and distribution sector, paving the way for enhanced efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainability in a rapidly evolving business landscape.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.56 no.7
• /
• pp.2452-2457
• /
• 2024

To obtain site-specific values of the Derived Concentration Guideline Levels (DCGLs) for decommissioning of KRR-1&2, the soil density and distribution coefficient values for Cs-137, a major contaminant radionuclide, were determined. The soil density was evaluated according to the test method established by the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards of the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (KATS). The distribution coefficient was evaluated using a batch test. The validity of using the evaluated soil density and distribution coefficient as site-specific values was assessed through radiation dose assessment reflecting these values. Average soil density value obtained was 1.738 g/cm³, which was within the typical range of normal soil density, 1.0-1.8 g/cm³. The average distribution coefficient value was 7,754 mL/g. Applying the maximum, average, and minimum values of the evaluated soil density and distribution coefficient showed similar radiation dose results, thus suggesting that it is reasonable to use the average values of each parameter as site-specific values. Findings of this study can help determine DCGLs that reflect the characteristics of the research reactor site.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.285-295
• /
• 2014

In this study, we analyzed probability distribution of EMCs (Event Mean Concentration) of COD, TOC, T-N, T-P and SS from rice paddy fields and compared the mean values of observed EMCs and the median values of estimated EMCs ($EMC_{50}$) through probability distribution. The field monitoring was conducted during a period of four crop-years (from May 1, 2008, to September 30. 2011) in a rice cultivation area located in Emda-myun, Hampyeong gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. Four probability distributions such as Normal, Log-normal, Gamma, and Weibull distribution were used to fit values of EMCs from rice paddy fields. Our results showed that the applicable probability distributions were Normal, Log-normal, and Gamma distribution for COD, and Normal, Log- Normal, Gamma and Weibull distribution for T-N, and Log-normal, Gamma and Weibull distribution for T-P and TOC, and Log-normal and Gamma distribution for SS. Log-normal and Gamma distributions were acceptable for EMCs of all water quality constituents(COD, TOC, T-N, T-P and SS). Meanwhile, mean value of observed COD was similar to median value estimated by the gamma distribution, and TOC, T-N, T-P, and SS were similar to median value estimated by log-normal distribution, respectively.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.60-69
• /
• 2018

Background: This study was conducted from March 2011 to February 2013 in order to evaluate the ecosystem value by examining the organic carbon distribution and cycling in the Quercus glauca forest, evergreen oak community at Seonheul-Gotjawal, Jeju Island. Results: The amount of organic carbon distribution was $124.5ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ in 2011 and $132.63ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ in 2012 for aboveground biomass. And it was $31.13ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ in 2011 and $33.16ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ in 2012 for belowground biomass. In total, the amount of organic carbon distribution in plants was 155.63 and $165.79ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ in 2011 and 2012, respectively. In 2011 and 2012 respectively, the amount of organic carbon distribution was 3.61 and $6.39ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ in the forest floor and it was 78.89 and $100.71ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ in the soil. As shown, most carbon was distributed in plants. Overall, the amount of organic carbon distribution of the Q. glauca forest was $238.13ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ in 2011 and $272.89ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ in 2012. In 2011, the amount of organic carbon fixed in plants through photosynthesis (NPP) was $14.22ton\;C\;ha^{-1}\;year^{-1}$ and the amount of carbon emission of soil respiration was $16.77ton\;C\;ha^{-1}\;year^{-1}$. The net ecosystem production (NEP) absorbed by the Q. glauca forest from the atmosphere was $5ton\;C\;ha^{-1}\;year^{-1}$. Conclusions: The carbon storage value based on such organic carbon distribution was estimated about $23.81mil\;won\;ha^{-1}$ in 2011 and $27.29mil\;won\;ha^{-1}$ in 2012, showing an annual increment of carbon storage value by $3.48mil\;won\;ha^{-1}$. The carbon absorption value based on such NEP was estimated about $500,000won\;ha^{-1}\;year^{-1}$.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.31-69
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze stress distribution in implant supporting tissue according to different types of attachments such as combination bar attachment, Hader bar attachment, O-Ring attachment and Dal-Ro attachment that are used in mandibular overdenture by using two osseointegrated implants, to study the influence that POM IMC used in bar type attachment has in implant supporting tissue and compare the preceding analyses to find out an effective stress distribution method. Three dimensional photoelastic method was used to obtain the following results. (A) Analysis of stress distribution according to attachment type 1. Under vertical load condition, compressive stress was seen at implant supporting area of working side on all the photoelastic models but in Hader bar attachment tensional stress was seen at distal upper area of implant supporting area. Relatively Hader bar and O-Ring attachment showed even stress distribution pattern. 2. Under vertical load condition, compressive stress at implant apex area and tensional stress at implant lateral supporting area were seen at nonworking side of all models. 3. Under $25^{\circ}$ lateral load condition, general compressive stress was seen at working side implant supporting area in most of the models, especially at distal upper supporting area higher compressive stress concentration was seen in combination bar attachment and tensional stress concentration, in Hader bar attachment. 4. Under $25^{\circ}$ lateral load condition, compressive stress at implant apex area and tensional stress at implant lateral supporting area were seen at nonworking side of all models, except O-Ring model which showed compressive stress only. (B) Influence of POM IMC to stress distribution in bar type attachment 5. Under vertical load condition, better stress distribution pattern was seen at working side of combination bar and Hader bar attachment model using POM IMC. 6. Under vertical load condition, stress value was increased at nonworking side of combination bar attachment model using POM IMC and tendency of increasing compression was seen at nonworking side of Hader bar attachment model using POM IMC. 7. Under $25^{\circ}$ lateral load condition, better stress distribution pattern was seen at working side of combination bar attachment model using POM IMC but tendency of increasing stress was seen on working side of Hader bar attachment model using POM IMC. 8. Under $25^{\circ}$ lateral load condition, stress reduction was seen at nonworking side of combination bar attachment model using POM IMC but tendency of increasing stress was seen at nonworking side of Hader bar attachment model using POM IMC.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.439-455
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of nerves in the periodontal ligament of a dog's primary teeth by each developing stage. The distribution of nerves in the periodontal ligament were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry for detection of neurofilament protein (NFP). The results were as follows: The NFP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were found to be densely distributed in the apical third of the periodontal ligament, while they were sparse in the coronal two third, in both primary and permanent teeth. In generally the density of distribution and degree of arborization of nerve fibers in periodontal ligament of primary teeth revealed a poor appearance compared with that of permanent teeth. Periodontal ligament in anterior teeth showed more abundant nerve innervation than posterior teeth, and the periodontal ligament of the bifurcation area in posterior teeth roots were not observed to have nerve fiber. The density of nerve distribution in the periodontal ligament of primary teeth was reduced according to the physiological root resorption and nerve fibers were not observed in the surrounding area on the root of the exfoliation stage in primary teeth. The distribution of nerve fibers in mucogingival tissue, was poor innervated according to the aging of the dogs. A more abundant distribution of nerve fiber was represented in the lingual mucogingival tissue than in the labial side. Most of the nerve endings in the periodontal ligament of primary teeth showed a tree-like appearance. However, the typical Ruffini-like nerve endings were not observed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.20-28
• /
• 2020

According to the 3020 RE (renewable energy) policy of the Korean Government, distributed generators, including PV (photovoltaic) and WP (wind power) systems, have been installed and operated in distribution systems. On the other hand, if large-scale PV systems are interconnected in a distribution system, the spread of PV systems may be postponed due to a reduction of the hosting capacity in PV systems because of the over-voltage phenomena at the customer end by violating the allowable voltage limits. Under these circumstances, this paper proposes an evaluation algorithm of the hosting capacity of a PV system based on the LDC (line drop compensation) method of SVR (step voltage regulator) to improve the hosting capacity when large-scale PV systems are installed in a distribution system. Moreover, this paper presents a modeling of a complex distribution system, which is composed of a large-scale PV system and SVR with the LDC method using PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results confirmed that the proposed algorithm and modeling are useful and practical tools for improving the hosting capacity of a PV system because the customer voltages are maintained within the allowable voltage limits even if 6.5[MW] of the PV system is installed in a distribution system with the LDC method of SVR.