• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

Distribution centers in a distribution system that consists of the distribution centers and retailers supplies products to retailers. At the present, although total capacity of the distribution centers are enough to supply total demand of retailers, capacity of the distribution centers need to be expanded to satisfy the demand of retailers in case that future demand of the retailers will be increased. Capacity expansion model in a distribution system is to determine the location and size of expansion distribution centers that minimize costs among given distribution centers. Transportation amount from distribution center to retailers also is determined. The costs factors are the capacity expansion costs of the distribution centers and the transportation costs from the distribution centers to the retailers. A model is formulated, and a genetic algorithm based solution procedure is developed. A numerical example is shown and the algorithm is analyzed through examples.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.12-19
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• 2007

This paper is to determine the transportation size and the location of distribution centers to minimize logistics cost in a distribution system where products are transported from the distribution centers to the retailers. Logistics cost consists of the fixed cost of distribution centers, the transportation cost from the distribution centers to the retailers and the inventory holding cost in the retailers. The logistics cost is affected by the transportation size and the location of distribution centers. The transportation size affects transportation cost and inventory holding cost. The location of distribution centers affects the transportation cost. A mathematical model is formulated and the algorithm is developed. A numerical example is shown to explain the problem.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.241-245
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• 2008

Every single company in the world makes a huge amount of effort so as to not only cut down the physical distribution cost but promote the efficiency. In the government's respect, especially, they expect to maximize the synergy by unifying the physical distribution. For that reason, it relevant for all kinds of a distribution strategy to get rid of unnecessary distribution centers and to integrate distribution centers by unifying and rearranging the distribution centers that are hardly efficient. Most enterprises in Japan, related to making and distributive, have got a tendency to decentralize their distribution centers in a wide scope of the whole nation. In the meantime, they seem to get a move to become a great-sphere distribution center. Many similar cases in Korea, Koon-Po distribution center, Yong-In distribution center, are not expected to function properly. With a rate of trading products expanded, a new strategic physical distribution is needed to turn the way of depending on building up a new distribution center into the way of unifying and rearranging a distribution center. Therefore, this study aims to identify the optimal method of unifying and rearranging a distribution center, compared to the cost which takes place in a large number of distribution centers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2008

This paper addresses determining the location of the distribution centers in a discrete dynamic distribution system. In discrete and finite time horizon, the demands of retailers are dynamic for the periods. Some locations among the retailers can be chosen for the role of the distribution centers at the beginning of each period. The distribution centers have to be located at the location of minimizing logistics cost. Logistics cost factors are the operation cost and the fixed cost of distribution center, and the transportation cost. The distribution centers of minimizing sum of operation cost, fixed cost and transportation cost are determined among retailers in each period for the planning period. A mathematical model was formulated and a dynamic programming based algorithm was developed. A numerical example was shown to explain our problem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2003

In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for economic design of multi-stage distribution system that consists of factory, central distribution centers, local distribution centers and retailers. The retailers are supplied products from different stage suppliers according to order size. The retailers are supplied products from factory if demand amount is large, central distribution center if medium, local distribution center if small. The economic design is to determine the economic size of facility factors that consist of distribution system. The cost factors are transportation cost from supply places to demand places, handling cost at distribution centers and inventory holding cost at retailers. It is to determine the transportation route of each retailer, the size and number of the vehicle at factory and distribution centers, the handling amount at distribution centers in order to minimize the total costs. The mathematical model is represented, the solution procedure is developed, and a numerical example is shown.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2011

The past researches focused on the supply chain network that consists of factories, distribution centers and retailers for single product type. This research is required because the factory for single product type is advanced to reconfigurable type in order to produce various products, according to customers' various purchase forms and time. This research is also required because in the past researches, the material flows from factories to distribution centers and from distribution centers to retailers, but recently, there are material flows between distribution centers. The supply chain network in this research consists of reconfigurable manufacturing system, multi-layered distribution centers, and retailers. A simulator is developed to analyze the material flow on the supply chain network. The developed simulator is web-based designed by using Java Server Page and MS-SQL, so as to maximize the convenience for users.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2016

As supply chains are globalized, multinational companies are trying to optimize distribution networks using a hub and spoke structure. In this hub and spoke network structure, multinational companies locate regional distribution centers at hub airports, which serve demands in their corresponding regions. Especially when customers put higher priority on the service lead-time, hinterlands of international hub airports become ideal candidate locations for the regional hub distribution centers. By utilizing excellent airport and logistics services from hub airports, regional distribution centers in the hub airports can match supply with demand efficiently. In addition, regional hub distribution centers may increase air cargo volume of each airport, which is helpful in the current extremely competitive airport industry. In this paper, we classified locational preferences into three primary categories including demand, service and risk and applied the analytic hierarchy process methodology to prioritize factors of locational preferences. Primary preference factors include secondary factors. Demand factor contains access to current and prospect markets. Service factor comprises airport and logistics perspectives. Service factor in terms of airport operations includes secondary factors such as airport service and connectivity. Service factor in terms of logistics operations contains infrastructure and logistics operations efficiency. Risk factor consists of country and business risks. We also evaluated competitiveness of Asian hub airports in terms of candidate location for regional hub distribution centers. The candidate hub airports include Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Narita and Incheon. Based on the analytic hierarchy process analysis, we derived strategic implications for hub airports to attract multinational companies' regional hub distribution centers.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

Purpose - This paper discussed and illustrated the most efficient method to calculate the distribution centers for a national project in China. Through demonstration of implementing the GIS, spatial analysis, and location calculation model, this paper mainly dealt with the construction distribution problem and inconvenient supply of materials problems. Research design, data, and methodology - In this paper, the research design structure based on three steps: implementing the Geographic Information System to locate the points coordination data, calculating the distribution centers of the project, and optimizing the most efficient and effective coordination. The data of the calculation is from an actual project. The methodology of this paper is summarizing the spatial analysis capabilities and digital graphic data calculation to locate logistics distribution centers, and since the illustration of the calculation is useful for locating the coordination, the result of this paper has certain reference values for the project construction. Results - This paper illustrates the steel and cement resource of every distribution point to confirm the most efficient distribution center location coordination. Conclusions - The integrated logistical management models are used to ensure the results for the purposes of our calculation. The result of the calculation is also a useful example for future Chinese national projects.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 1998.03a
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• pp.101-105
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• 1998

A large system predictor, which can perform prediction of sales trend in a huge number of distribution centers, is presented using neural predictive model. There are 20,000 number of distribution centers, and each distribution center need to forecast future demand in order to establish a reasonable inventory policy. Therefore, the number of forecasting models corresponds to the number of distribution centers, which is not possible to estimate that kind of huge number of accurate models in ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)module. Multilayer neural net as universal approximation is employed for fitting the prediction model. In order to improve prediction accuracy, a sequential simulation procedure is performed to get appropriate network structure and also to improve forecasting accuracy. The proposed simulation procedure includes neural structure identification and virtual predictive model generation. The predictive model generation consists of generating virtual signals and estimating predictive model. The virtual predictive model plays a key role in tuning the real model by absorbing the real model errors. The complement approach, based on real and virtual model, could forecast the future demands of various distribution centers.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.435-447
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate foodservice management of child care centers in Ansan and to suggest the basic data for foodservice management improvement. A questionnaire survey of 48 child care centers in Ansan was undertaken. Child care centers were categorized large (children eve. 100) and small(children less than 100) by size and public and private by type. Survey questionnaires consisted of general background, employee, food inspection and storage, kitchen, cooking facilities, food distribution and hygiene utensils. The results of this study are summarized as follows: because 46.9% to 56.3% of the centers took a dietitian in employment, foodservices in most of centers were not managed by professionals. The average of employee were 0.77 persons in smalll centers and 1.65 persons in large centers. The average space of kitchen were 3.86 pyung in smalll center, 6.06 pyung (1 pyung=$3.3058m^2$) in large centers. According to the data analyzed from Food inspection and storage, kitchen, cooking facilities, food distribution and hygiene utensils, the results indicate that the foodservice management of child care centers were in a relatively poor state. The director in child care centers should recognize the importance of the sanitation management and pay more attention to food service facilities. To improve foodservice performance at child care centers, it is required fur the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family to develop both the kitchen facility model based on the general sanitation standards and guidelines for child care centers.