• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2002

This paper compares the difference between the village groves in the Jinan settlement region and the Hamyang settlment region in Honam and the Youngnam mountainous region. The results are as follows: Fifty-one village groves in the Jinan legion were found and 40 village groves were found in the Hamyang region. It was established that the village groves in the Jinan region of Honam province were conserved better than those of Hamyang region of Youngnam province. In the Jinan area, the village groves were principally found in the Jinan-eup and the Hamyang regions, primarily in Seosang-myun and Aneui-myun. So it was determined that the village groves were distributed inequitably in the two regions. In L / W ratio, the Jinan region is 3.6 and Hamyang region is 2.0 Jinan is 1.8 times greater than Hamyang. Therefore, it was concluded that Jinan is stronger than Hamyang in linear function of the village groves. Stone stooge for complementation function was found in 11 village groves in the Jinan region and 6 village groves in Hamyang. So the percentage of the remaining stone storage is 15-20 % of all village groves. Regarding grove makeup, the village gloves in Jinan region is deciduous forest principally. In contrast, the groves of Hamyang are principally coniferous forest. The dominant tree of the Jinan-gun region is Zelkova serrata, but in Hamyang it is Pinus densiflrora. By number, Hamyang region has two times the trees than Jinan region. In density of stand, the Hamyang region is 76.2% higher than Jinan region. In height and diameter of trees, the Jinan region is greater than the Hamyang region. It was identified that RSI of both region is 40%. So in density of trees, both region are sparse. This paper has a limit in ideiltiting the differences between Yolmg-nam ar\ulcorner Hnam village groves because comparative review only examined two regions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to propose vegetation management devices through analyzing the actual vegetation, flora, plant community structure and soil chemical concentrations in Weolmi urban nature park, Incheon. The actual vegetation of Weolmi Park in various areas is composed of urbanization area(2 types, 25.9%), landscape planting area(4 types, 16.1%), grass and marsh area(5 types, 7.6%) and mountain forest areal(14 types, 50.4%). The flora is composed of 295 taxa with 80 families, 253 species, 35 varieties and 7 formas, and among them there are 16 naturalized plant families, 39 species, 3 varieties. In reflection of size, the number of the species seems high but most of the them are under influence of human disturbance. Nine survey plots of plant community structure are classified into two groups. One is the semi-natural plant community(Prunus sargentii-Acer palmatum, Quercus accutissma-Prunus sargentii, Quercus serrata-Quercus accutissma-Prunus sargentii, Prunus sargentii, and Zelkova serrata-Prunus sargentii) that migrated finn the planting forest to the natural forest and the other is planting forest(Pinus koraienssis-Pinus thunbergii-Abies holophylla-Chamaectparis obtusa, Prunus sargentii, Pinus thunbergii-Alnus firma, Zelkova serrata). The average pH is 4.65 which means the soil acidity is quite high. The concentration of K, Ca, Mg and base saturation is very low. It seems that the environmental pollutants from Incheon Port and industrial plants near by survey site and long-distance transport of air pollutants from China made the soil condition worse. On the basis of the results above, six vegetation management devices are suggested: 1) removing the hazard plants(Pueraia thunbergiana and Humulus japonica), 2) natural landscape management of the middle and long term, 3) increasing species diversity, 4) Robinia pseudoacacia management, 5) keeping the naturalized plants from being distributed any further inside the mountain forest, 6) improving soil acidification.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

The place of South Weol Dynastys authorities exhumed in the region of KangChoWu, China lies adjacent to a stone ditch through which water streams crookedly, and a dark trough of stone pond in the north side. There is a sharply curved stone ditch and a crescent-shaped water entrance made by stones. The place was separated by using stone columns and stone walls. There is a beam of ditch, a crooked entrance, a flat bridge of slate, a stepping-stone, a sluice gate, and a crooked corridor. There are big and small artificial islands, and reinforcing stone drainage way in the palace pond recently exhumed at the building site for the pavilion of Hwang-Yong Temple in Kuhwang-Dong, Gyeongju city, Korea. There are four facilities assumed to be entrance and exits at four corners and an open space on which gravel was spread extensively. A narrow road and a middle road with indefinite curves at the south of Asukakyoseki exhumed by the first, second and third and two stone buckets which one is to fill with water and the other is to drain water off like fountain are there, and besides wave protecting dam and north pond and the part that water pass were excavated. Palace ponds that were extensively distributed at old residential cities are a general phenomenon of countries in eastern Asia. Anap pond of Silla and Gungnam pond of Baekje were in Kroea. We believe that Asutnkyoseki is on the extension. Although more investigations in the background of thought and the genealogical relation about the palace pond are required, it seems that an idea was surely received from China.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2003

This study was conducted for an understanding of a threatened plant species,“Penthorum chinense”, which is a vegetation structure and environmental characteristic in the southern part of Ibaraki, Japan. We selected distribution and contiguity area where P. chinense is not distributed and we set up 69 sites by the quardrat method. The surveyed general characters in each site include mean-height, mean-coverage, moisture condition water depth coverage and depth of litter layer. We calculated the degree of succession by the survey data and grasped the main distribution area, vegetation structure, growth environment of P. chinense by TWINSPAN classification and DCA ordination. The results of this study are as follows. First, P. chinense habitat was categorized into the riverside and abandoned paddy fields. The riverside was influenced by natural disturbance caused by flooding and drought. These conditions led to a poor P. chinense growth. The abandoned paddy fields as the artificial disturbance area have high potential value, because the area can preserve P. chinense growth space by succession control and water management. second, we executed TWINSPAN analysis based on vegetation coverage data of survey sites. The vegetation types were classified into the three categories: annual plant flora(P. chinense dominates in wet state), perennial plant flora(Solidago altissima dominates in dry state), and perennial plant flora(Phragmites communis dominates in wet state). Third, the data was ordinated by DCA. The sample sequences along the first and second DCA axes effectively reflected moisture condition, number of species, mean height, coverage of litter layer and degree of succession. Especially, P. chinense flora has the high correlation with moisture condition and number of species.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2012

Compared to Packaged Terminal Air Conditioning Systems, Radiant Cooling Systems have the advantage of energy saving and thermal comfort. Thermally Activated Building System (TABS) is one of the radiant heating and cooling systems. The main difference between TABS and other radiant systems lies in the usage of the time-lag effect of storing heat energy in the concrete. Current energy usage in summer time is concentrated within a specific time by using Packaged Terminal Air-Conditioner (PTAC). Due to the time-lag effect of TABS, energy usage can be distributed to other time zones. To maximize this effect, it is important to determine the appropriate operating mode, which for TABS is dependent upon the cooling load generated by the occupancy schedule. In this study, occupancy schedules are determined for various residential types. The operating modes of TABS for these residential types are estimated by using a dynamic computational simulation method. The results indicate that the operating modes of TABS can be determined by residential type and occupancy schedule. The load handled ratio by TABS is set up differently according to the cooling load profile obtained from residential type and occupancy schedule. By using TABS, energy consumption could be reduced by 20% compared to PTAC.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2018

In the construction sector, new demands for aesthetics are increasing due to structural stability and improvement of living standard and consciousness level. On the other hand, Red Mud sludge is generated from aluminum hydroxide extraction process from Bauxite. Red mud sludge contains about 20% of $Fe_2O_3$ and represents a natural reddish brown. It is highly applicable to the construction industry. In this paper, red mud sludge with a water content of 50%, which is a by - product of the industry, was prepared as a liquid phase. The liquefied red mud was added to cement mortar and the strength and color difference of cement mortar were investigated according to the addition amount of liquefied red mud. As a result, the compressive strength decreased with increasing amount of liquefied red mud. The color of cement mortar containing liquefied red mud was found to be distributed in the range of YR series in all samples. As the amount of liquefied red mud increased, the color became darker.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.83-98
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• 2012

Recently Web services and SOA(Service Oriented Architecture) is widely used for an effective integration way of distributed applications. The service choreography is a way of service compositions to define workflows and the message exchange protocols among several partner ser-vices in the B2B business process environment. It defines the overall business process from a global perspective. However, it must be transformed into some kind of the executable form to implement service compositions, because it does not support an execution mechanism but is a de-clarative form. Therefore, the transformed executable model must be validated with the original choreography model to guarantee behavior equivalence. In this paper, we propose the conformity assessment with respect to service compositions method between the choreography model and the transformed executable model. And we suggest the test method to show behavior equivalence between them from a viewpoint of the dynamic execution.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.5 s.58
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• pp.306-313
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• 2006

Digital simulation which was introduced to the architectural field due to the rapid growth of computer graphics, gave birth to a new type of contents called 'virtual reality', led by the interaction with the users and real time processing. The public attention is drawn to the virtual reality's potential as a next generational space simulation it, having the unique characteristics of 'simulation', 'interactivity', 'tole-presence', and 'immersion', is capable of taking a virtual tour of a space with a size equivalent to that of a real space, as well as proceeding with the design progress. Nonetheless, many problems impeding CPU's real time processing of an excessively loaded architectural model data have been pinpointed over the time. Yet such GPU based game engines as 'DirectX' and 'OpenGL', developed to deal with these impediments, have not been easily applied to the architectural simulation in the design process, due to the high license cost and the specific technical requirements for the system. The virtual reality has been developed and distributed centering around the gaming field, and game developers recently show a greater tendency to include level editors in the package for the expandability purpose. Thus, we plan to propose architecture simulation which utilizes level editors in this study. In addition, the compatibility of the game engine based level editors of Quake and Unreal which form the standards for the open source FPS games, based on VRML, the standard format for the virtual reality, was compared and analyzed. Taking the example of Villa Savoye of Le Corbusier, its application possibility as an architecture simulation was assessed, by measuring the extent to which the performance of such characteristic features of the virtual reality as interactivity, immersion, and tele-presence, was improved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.29-51
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• 2001

The purpose of this research is to analyze of biotope structure focused on the evaluation for the species and biotope preservation in the case of Soosung District in Daegu metropolitan city. We analyzed the structure of urban biotope, and investigated the disposition of space and several characteristics through the material collection relating to the existing urban ecological material and the field investigation. The results of this study were as follows; 1) The result of biotope type classification was divided into 17 biotope type groups and 90 biotope types belonging to them. 2) The biotope type of mixed forest(QD) has the highest rate in occupation area, 1.764ha and the biotope type of cultivation areas by vinyle-hothouse(KC) has the lowest rate, 0.3ha. 3) In the result of the first evaluation for the species and biotope preservation, biotope types such as QB, QI, PA, PB, NB and NC etc. possess great value. Particulary, these biotope types come from forest areas and transition zone. They have not appeared in the inner of cities. 4) The biotope types such as CA, NA, NB, ND and PB are proved to possess high value in the result of rarity and riskiness evaluation. There appear EE, MA, NB, QC and QD in IV grade which is impossible to have them regenerative. They usually have appeared in forest areas. 5) There emerge 3a biotope type that has the highest value in the result of the second evaluation such as CC, EE, KF, LD, MB, NC, PB, QB and QI etc. Most of them were presented into the large area of site size and were distributed in the forest areas intensively. So, it is certain that the space for the species and biotope preservation connected with residential district is scarce. 6) The detailed biotope plan must be made out specially continuously. It is about biotope spaces that are especially important for the species and biotope preservation from the result of this research. Also, the study on the detailed index settlement of the urban landscape plan based on the biotope map must be continued.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.35-42
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• 2013

The study aims to investigate general characteristics of Jae-sil from an architectural perspective by grasping location, deployment, structure, and plan composition based on existing inhabited conditions in Jeollabukdo. Results derived from the study are as follows. First, the location of Jae-sil is classified into mountainous and village types, and the two types showed a similar distribution. The village type showed the most distribution in the foot of a mountain in the rear of village, while the mountainous type is close to graveyard. The Jae-sil were mostly exposed to south, southeast, and southeast, which was not significantly different from residence. For deployment of the Jae-sil, a "二" shaped house, where main quarter and gated building are parallel located, can be common, indicating that additional attached building is less required. Second, for the platform out of structural components, coursed masonry was conducted by using natural rocks, and placed were a prop on the platform, first line on processed foot stone, and others on natural foot stone. For pillar, front line round columns, while others square columns. The binding type of the upper part of pillar is dominated by jangyeosujang and sorosujang. For wooden frame structure, 5ryangs were the most distributed, and out of these, 1goju 5ryang was the most generally used. For a roof part, it was composed with gambrel roof with single eave, and the roof was constructed by placing traditional Korean tile roof on the top. Third, for a size of Jae-sil out of plan composition, although the facade and the side of it were presented in a diverse manner, 4 facade rooms and 1.5 side rooms were the most frequently presented, and all Jae-sil were equipped with front ceremonial space. For spatial composition of Jae-sil, main floored hall is placed at the center, and each room is placed on the left and right side to secure space for ancestral rite for participants of it, and for a house with 5 rooms or more, it shows that main floored hall and rooms are weighted from side to side.