• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to offer raw data regarding landscape plantings of traditional cultural heritages by surveying and analysing the actual flora and landscape planting species distributed in Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond in Gyeongju, Korea. The results are as follows. The flora were summarized as 149 taxa including 65 families, 117 genera, 134 species, 1 subspecies, 10 varieties and 4 forms. The naturalized plants were of 18 taxa including Rumex crispus, Trifolium repens, Ailanthus altissima, Veronica persica, Senecio vulgaris, Festuca myuros and the like. Invasive species included Rumex acetosella. As a result of the analysis of chronological changes in landscape planting species, 23 taxa were planted in 1979, whereas 48 taxa were planted in 2014. Therefore, the number of these species increased by 25 taxa. The landscape planting species were of 48 taxa including 6 taxa of evergreen trees, 2 taxa of evergreen shrubs, 27 taxa of deciduous trees, 12 taxa of deciduous shrubs and 1 taxa of other. In present conditions by sections, Section A was 25 taxa, 15 taxa of Section B, 13 taxa of Section C and 29 taxa of Section D. The species planted in common were 4 taxa including Pinus densiflora, Acer palmatum, Euonymus alatus and Rhododendron yedoense for. poukhanense. The problems in the present conditions of landscape planting were volunteer species, the occurrence of scrub and vines and the spread of invasive alien plants. To restore and improve the planting landscape and facilitate tree growth, scrub, volunteer species and invasive alien plants must be removed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Various policies and studies regarding use of PBSS (Public Bike Sharing System) and Programs (PBSP) have been conducted worldwide as the number systems or programs has increased. Although various phenomena and demands have been generated by the use of PBSS in everyday life, the majority of research and the policies in South Korea have been implemented focused on commuting life. The purpose of this study aimed to understand various PBSS demands using PBSS usage data in 2018 in the Yeouido districts through classifying usage patterns and analyzing features. The rental stations were classified into three types based on weekday/weekend usage rates. The usage of Yeouido's PBSS accounted for 4.3% of the total usage in Seoul Metropolitan City, while the number of PBSS rental stations accounted for 2% of all rental stations in the Seoul urban areas. Rental stations with a higher weekday utilization rates showed high utilization rates in all four seasons and were mainly distributed in work and residential areas. Other stations showed a concentrated usage pattern in spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) seasons, and their locations were close to the entrance of nearby parks. Besides, renting and returning were often concentrated at certain rental stations for high weekend utilization as compared to the pattern of high weekday usage. Therefore, PBSS management and programs should be operated to reflect various usage demands rather than uniform PBSS operations. The result of this study is meaningful to provide basic data for effective PBSS operation by monitoring the demand for PBSS usage in spatio-temporal terms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.117-131
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• 2017

This study was conducted to draw vegetation landscape elements in the ancient literature, investigate plant community structure, understand vegetation structure, and suggest reasonal conservation management methods. As a result of analyzing ancient literature, geomorphological landscapes in Guryong valley were canyon landscape and valley surrounded in Mt. Chiak. Plant landscape factors were as followed. Rhododendron spp. spread around valley. Also, Pinus densiflora communities were distributed in Guryong valley around. Especially, the entrance zones of Guryong valley were described as covered with Pinus densiflora and Whangchangkumpyo(黃腸禁標). Therefore, it was estimated that entry of Guryong valley was covered with Pinus densiflora community landscape. As for current vegetation result, the main vegetation was divided into mixed deciduous broad-leaved trees community and Pinus densiflora community. As a result of analysis by TWINSPAN for community classification, five communities(Deciduous broadleaved trees, Pinus densiflora, Pinus densiflora-Abies holophylla, Abies holophylla, and Pinus koraiensis community) were classified. To maintain historic plant landscape and conserve crucial resources, Pinus densiflora community was classified as concentrated conservation management area($105,472m^2$). To maintain Pinus densiflora landscape which has high historical and cultural value of Guryong valley, it was considered that active density control of lower layer vegetation would be necessary. Accordingly, to conserve P. densiflora landscape, Whangchangkumpyo(?腸禁標), that area was separated into Pinus densiflora lower layer forest management area($84,029m^2$) and Pinus densiflora seedling conservation management area($21,443m^2$). In understory of Pinus densiflora lower layer flora, the target tree species for elimination and management were Quercus serrata and Quercus mongolica. They were $4{\sim}6trees/100m^2$ and their average diameter was 7.1cm. To preserve Pinus densiflora seedlings, areas with Sasa borealis, the ground vegetation of Pinus densiflora community, rate of 80% or more should be selected as priority management areas and concentrated elimination and management of Sasa borealis should be implemented. Likewise, traditional Pinus densiflora forest is a historically cultural heritage to preserve with sustainable interest and survey. Efficient management method through systematic monitoring system should be made.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.800-815
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• 2009

Recently, Web services based service-oriented architecture is widely used to integrate effectively various applications distributed on the networks. In the service-oriented architecture BPEL as a standard modeling language for the business processes provides the way to integrate various services provided by applications. Over the past few years, some types of studies have been made on testing compatibility of services and on discriminating and tracing of the business processes in the services composition. Now a lot of studies about the services composition with BPEL are going on. However there were few efforts to solve the problems caused by the services composition. Especially, there is no effort to evaluate whether a composite service is reliable and whether it is robust against to exceptional situations. In this paper, we suggest a test framework and a testing method for robustness of the composite service written in WS-BPEL. For this, firstly we extract some information from the BPEL process and the participant services. Next, with the extracted information we construct the virtual testing environment that generates various faults and exceptional cases which may be raised within the real services. Finally the testing work for robustness of a composite service is performed on the test framework.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.124-133
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• 2014

The study on Musa basjoo planting in traditional gardens in of folk villages and traditional temples was conducted to identify the phenomenon of Musa basjoo planting which frequently appears in paintings and literatures of the late Joseon dynasty and how the cultural custom is being handed down. The result of the study is as follows. As a result of studying state-designated folk villages 6 sites, the custom is being handed down in a few limited gardens including Asan Oeam Village and Seongju Hangae Village. In case of Oeam Village, there are three gardens where Musa basjoo was planted including Seolimbang, Vice Minister's Residence, and Geonjae House where Musa basjoo withered now. In case of Hangae Village, it was found in Bukbi House, Hahoe Residence and Gyoridaek Jinsa's Residence and most of them were planted in front of guesthouses and main building with the assemble-planting method. Musa basjoo planting was confirmed in 39 traditional temples and it was found that Yangsan Tongdosa Temple and attached hermitage Geukrakam are currently prevalent in Musa basjoo planting. Musa basjoo was planted on either side of the stairs of Buddhist sanctums for Buddha and Avalokitesvara Guan Yin of main temples and gwaneum temples with the assemble-planting method and it has a tendency of pair planting. Considering that Musa basjoo is a southern plant, most of Musa basjoo planting was distributed around Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do, which is closely related to the isotherm distribution of the Korean Peninsula. Especially, it was found that planting flora was centered on $12^{\circ}C$ of Warmth Index $100^{\circ}$ and annual average temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3 s.116
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• pp.104-119
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• 2006

The eastern rear business complex of the Gwangyang Harbor (second stage) has undergone the 'alternative bid' process by which a construction company is selected based on their suggestions for an alternative plan and the bid for the construction expenses is based on the previously completed original plan, thereby implicitly accepting the arrangement and scale of the park which was presented in the original plan. It is possible, however, that the concept and plan of each park needs to be approached in a new way within the extent of given design guidelines. This study focuses on the alternative plan process and the Symbol Park (the second neighborhood park) and Waterfront Park (the third neighborhood park) among the five neighborhood parks in the eastern rear business complex (second stage). These two parks provide scale and function for the structure of the park and greenways system at the eastern rear complex. The neighboring waterway is a significant resource for emphasizing the pre-development features of the site. The alternative plan process focuses on determining the resources for the park's plan based on the environmental analyses of the site and utilizing the results. That is, through an analysis of the current state, all available resources are determined and the facilities and activities are derived based on these results. By this, Symbol Park and Waterfront Park reflect the regional features of the eastern rear complex, and these parks will feasibly perform the role of the region's key parte. The limit of this study is the fact that there is no chance for landscape architecture to actively play a role in the creation of the master plan, land utilization plan, and plan for the complex. Therefore there is a problem that the function scale and location of the park are not distributed appropriately in the rear complex. Also the plan for protecting the waterway's shore, a significant resource, only considers the structural stability of the engineering works, degrading the visual and ecological quality. These experiences will be used as a case for further designing the industrial complex and for the resulting park plan.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.4
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• pp.937-950
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• 2004

With growing population of internet and web applications, distributed environment is considered to be the standard architecture of application. A network management systems(NMS) is necessary to control and monitor the complex network resources for providing and sharing the heft quality service. We recognize the NMS as a standard infrastructure for supporting efficient networking and a separate commercial applications. We believe every resource including software, hardware and environment for the network management should be separated from special protocols, vendors and applications. Therefore, We need a standard network management system that is efficient and consistent because of the heterogeous network features. In regards to software development, software reuse through assembling and extending the reusable elements such as patterns and components assures to realize the best productivity and quality The component based development(CBD) methodology that can assemble black box though well defined interfaces makes it possible to develop easer and quicker applications and is proved as the best software development solution involved in construction, selection and assembly of components. In this thesis, we describe the architecture for the network management and identify, define and design the components through analysis and design in the network management domain and Identified components mapped to the component architecture. We also specify the component development and design and implement the component for developing the network management. Implemented components apply to the component repository system that register, retrieve and understand the components. We analyze, design and implement the entire network management system based on configuration, connection, performance and fault management through the pre-developed components.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.4 s.107
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• pp.603-612
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• 2006

Recently the web service area is rapidly growing as the next generation IT paradigm because of increase of concern about SOA(Services-Oriented Architecture) and growth of B2B market. Since a service discovery through UDDI(Universal Description, Discovery and Integration) is limited to a functional requirement, it is not considered an effect on frequency of service using and reliability of mutual relation. That is, a quality as nonfunctional aspect of web service is regarded as important factor for a success between consumer and provider. Therefore, the web service selection method with considering the quality is necessary. This paper suggests the agent-based quality broker architecture and selection process which helps to find a service providing the optimum quality that the consumer needs in a position of service consumer. A theory of agent is accepted widely and suitable for proposed system architecture in the circumstance of distributed and heterogeneous environment like web service. In this paper, we considered the QoS and CoS in the evaluation process to solve the problem of existing researches related to the web service selection and used PROMETHEE(Preference Ranking Organization MeTHod for Enrichment Evaluations) as an evaluation method which is most suitable for the web service selection among MCDM approaches. PROMETHEE has advantages that solve the problem that a pair-wise comparison should be performed again when comparative services are added or deleted. This paper suggested a case study with the service composition scenario in order to verify the selection process. In this case study, the decision making problem was described on the basis of evaluated values for qualities from a consumer's point of view and the defined service level.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.12C
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• pp.1265-1275
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• 2002

In the network management system, there are two approaches; the centralized approach based on SNMP and the distributed approach based on mobile agent. Some information changes with time and the manager needs to monitor its value in real time. In such a case, the polling is generally used in SNMP because the manager can query agents periodically. However, the polling scheme needs both request and response messages for management information every time, which results in network traffic increase. In this paper, we suggest an adaptive network monitoring method to reduce the network traffic for SNMP-based network management. In the proposed strategy, each agent first decides its on monitoring period. Then, the manager collects them and approves each agent's period without modification or adjusts it based on the total traffic generated by monitoring messages. After receiving response message containing monitoring period from the manager, each agent sends management information periodically without the request of manager. To evaluate performance of the proposed method, we implemented it and compared the network traffic and monitoring quality of the proposed scheme with the general polling method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.119-126
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• 2019

For this purpose, research was made to look into the style, material, organization, and legal as well as institutional system of the bonsai industry in the three countries. In order to understand what significance it has and how it has changed historically, related literature was surveyed and questionnaires were distributed to the concerned people to collect the data needed for them to plan bonsai industry. The results of the survey are as follows. Analysis of awareness of bonsai culture, respondents replied that the motive and purpose of bonsai is because they like flower trees, and the technical information about bonsai is usually obtained by visits to bonsai gardens. The analysis revealed that respondents usually join more than one bonsai club and are active more than once a month, which means longer than 4 hours each month, and their activities are more frequently in the metropolitan area. From the analysis of preference for bonsai culture, it was made known that the favorite bonsai size is less than middle one(20~50cm), the characteristics of the favorite species are beauty. A research and analysis of bonsai-related technical education found that bonsai is trimmed manually in general, bonsai experts are usually kept in contact with, and the bonsai technique is learned through interaction with the experts.