• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2012

무방향성, 가중치를 가진 그래프에서 최소신장트리(Minimum Spanning Tree, MST)는 사이클이 발생하지 않으면서 모든 정점들을 간선들로 연결한 그래프로 간선들의 가중치 합이 최소가 되어야 한다. 최소신장트리(MST)를 구하는 알고리즘으로 Borůvka 알고리즘이 가장 먼저 제안되었지만 일반적으로 사용되지 않고, Prim과 Kruskal 알고리즘이 일반적으로 널리 알려져 왔다. Borůvka 알고리즘은 각 정점에서 최소 가중치를 갖는 간선(Minimum Weight Edge, MWE)을 선택하고 사이클을 제거하는 $1^{st}$ Stage와 MSF(Minimum Spanning Fores)의 MWE를 선택하는 $2^{nd}$ Stage를 수행한다. 이 과정은 시각적으로는 쉽게 MWE를 구하지만 프로그램으로 구현하는데 어려움이 있다. 본 논문은 일반화된 Borůvka 알고리즘을 제안한다. $1^{st}$ Stage에서 각 정점에서 MWE들을 모두 선택하고, Kruskal 방법을 도입하여 오름차순으로 정렬된 MWE들에 대해 사이클의 최대 가중치 간선을 제거하면서 MSF를 형성시킨다. 만약, MSF가 1개 이상 발생하면 $2^{nd}$ Stage에서 MSF 간선들을 오름차순으로 정렬시켜 MWE를 선택하였다. 제안된 알고리즘을 7개의 여러 간선들 가중치가 동일하거나 상이한 그래프에 적용하여 알고리즘 적합성을 검증하였다. 검증 결과, 일반화된 Borůvka 알고리즘은 사이클 검증에 요구되는 간선 수가 Kruskal 알고리즘보다 적어 보다 빠르게 MST를 구할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.729-732
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• 2000

Weight records from birth to calving and calving scores of 407 two-year old heifers and weights of their offspring from birth to one year of age were used to study the effects of sire birth weight on maternal traits of their female progeny. The heifers (G1) were the progeny of 81 sires (G0) and were classified into three classes based on their sires' birth weights (High, Medium and Low). The heifers were from three distinct breed-groups and were mated to bulls with medium birth weights within each breed-group to produce the second generation (G2). The data were analyzed using a covariance model. The female progeny of high birth-weight sires were heavier from birth to calving than those sired by medium and low birth-weight bulls. The effect of sire birth weight on calving difficulty scores of their female progeny was not significant. Grand progeny (G2) of low birth-weight sires were lighter at birth than those from high birth-weight sires (p<0.05) but they did not differ significantly in weaning and yearling weights with the other two Grand progeny groups. The results indicated that using low birth weight sires would not result in an increase in the incidence of dystocia among their female progeny calving at two-year of age and would not have an adverse effect on weaning and yearling weights of their grand progeny.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 1999

Weight records from birth to calving and calving scores of 407 two-year old heifers and weights of their offspring from birth to one year of age were used to study the effects of sire birth weight on maternal traits of their female progeny. The heifers ($G_1$) were Ihe progeny of 81 sires ($G_0$) and were classified into three classes based on their sires' birth weights (High, Medium and Low). The heifers were from three distinct breed-groups and were mated to bulls with medium birth weights within each breed-group to produce the second generation ($G_2$). The data were analyzed using a covariance model. The female progeny of high birth-weight sires were heavier from birth to calving than those sired by medium and low birth-weight bulls. The effect of sire birth weight on calving difficulty scores of their female progeny was not significant. Grand progeny (G2) of low birth-weight sires were lighter at birth than those from high birth-weight sires (p < 0.05) but they did not differ significantly in weaning and yearling weights from the other two Grand progeny groups. The results indicated that using low birth weight sires would not result in an increase in the incidence of dystocia among their female progeny calving at two-year of age and would not have an adverse effect On weaning and yearling weights of their grand progeny.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 1984

The concentrations of metabolites of low molecular weights (90 to 310 amu) present in rat urine were determined by field ionization mass spectrometry. Three groups of rats were examined; intact controls, sham-operated rats and rats with selective lesions in their hypothalamus. The latter lesions are shown to induce characteristic aberrations in the metabolic profile, demonstrable five weeks after treatment, which are distinct from those induced by a sham operation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.435-439
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• 2000

Records of weight, age, body condition at calving and udder characteristics scores of 425 beef cows and birth weights and periodical weights of their offspring from birth to weaning were analyzed to study the effect of body weight, condition and udder characteristic scores of dams on birth weight and Preweaning growth of their offspring. Dam's body condition (fat reserve) at calving were scored on a scale of 1 to 5 (1=extremely thin and 5=extremely fat) and dam's udder characteristics were scored on a scale of 1 to 7 (l=udder well attached with small teats and 7=at least one quarters not functional). Dams were from three distinct breed groups and were mated in single sire mating groups within each breed group for 45 days. Within each breed group and year, the dams were classified into high, medium and low based on their weights at the time of parturition. The data were analysed using covariance analysis. In general, calves born to heavier dams were heavier at birth and had higher rate of Preweaning growth. The effect of dam's body condition score on the calf birth weight was not significant. However, cows with average body condition score of 2.5 or 3.0 gave birth to calves that had higher pre weaning growth rates up to weaning than those born to calves with higher body condition score. The udder characteristics score did not affect calf birth weight as expected; however, cows with udder score of 3 (udder well attached with large teats) produced calves with higher preweaning growth rate than those with smaller teats. Based on the results, it can be concluded that maintaining animals with average body condition and weight would result in more efficient calf production. In addition, cows with well attached udder and large teats would provide a better maternal environment for Preweaning growth rates of their calves.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2009

이 논문에서는 개체를 명확하게 분류하기 어려운 곤충 발자국 영상으로부터 개체를 인식하기 위해서 추출된 특징값 성분들의 기여도를 측정하고, 서로 관계된 기여도에 따라 가중치를 조정하는 퍼지 가중치 결정 방법을 제안한다. 곤충은 몸의 크기가 작아서 발자국은 작은 점의 형태로 나타난다. 그리고 다른 생물체의 발자국과 달리, 규칙적인 형상을 정의하기 어렵고 발자국 데이터와 구분이 분명하지 않는 노이즈와 혼재하기 때문에 개체를 판단하는데 많은 어려움이 있다. 이런 이유로 추출된 곤충 발자국 특징값은 명확하게 구분되는 특징성분 영역과 그렇지 않는 성분을 함께 가지게 된다. 이중 어떤 성분이 다른 성분과 비교하여 다른 클래스와 구분하기에 충분한 변별력을 가질 경우, 개체를 분류하도록 높은 가중치를 할당한다. 산출된 가중치는 퍼지함수에 의해서 출력신호를 결정하고 우세한 출력신호에 의해서 개체를 판단할수 있다. 제안한 기여도 퍼지 가중치 결정 방법을 이용하여 발자국영상의 인식 실험을 수행하고 실험 결과를 제시하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.412-416
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• 2000

The obligate aerobic Deinococcus are highly resistant against lethal effect of UV-and ionizing-radiation. Only five mesophilic Deinococcus species, i. e. D. radiodurans, D. radiophilus, D. proteolyticus, D. radiopugnans, and D. grandis are known. Since an indispensable role of catalase has been suggested in protecting cells against oxidative stress and UV radiation, Deinococcal catalase activity of each species and electrophoretic profiles of catalases were investigated on gel. Total catalase activity was varied among the species in the aerobically grown culture at stationary phase. The occurrence of multiple forms of catalases with different molecular weights in four species of Deinococcus and of a single catalase in D. radiopugnans suggests that each species shows the unique catalase profiles on gel. Some Deinococcal catalases also exhibit peroxidase activity. Since Deinococcus spp. are less-distinct to each other in their morphology, biochemical and physiological properties, the catalase profiles on PAGE would be useful in identifying the species of Deinococcus.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.84-88
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to describe growth patterns of mice using Gompertz model. Two distinct types of mice, laboratory mouse $CF_{\sharp1}$ (Mus musculus domesticus) and Yonakuni wild mouse (Yk, Mus musculus molossinus yonakuni) were used. From all possible crosses, there were two parental types and two reciprocal $F_1$ crosses obtained. Individual body weights were measured weekly from birth to ten weeks of age on 321 mice. Standardization to six mice was conducted and only first litters were used. Growth curve parameters were estimated to fit growth data. The results showed that growth among genetic groups were significantly different (p < 0.05) for both sexes, in which parental type of $CF_{\sharp1}$ and Yk had the highest and the smallest values, respectively. Meanwhile, reciprocal $F_1$ crosses were intermediate between parental types. It was concluded that Gompertz model provided and excellent fit for the growth data with a high coefficient determination $(R^2 = 0.999)$.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.100-106
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to measure perceived joint discomfort in the seated and standing position, and to provide a ranking system of joint discomfort measured in this study. Seven male subjects with no history of musculo-skeletal disorders participated in the experiment. Their physical characteristics were: age -$27.6 {\pm}1.8$ years, stature -$171.0 {\pm}5.5cm$, and body weight -$66.4{\pm}9.3kg$. The results showed that perceived joint discomfort was different depending on the human body joints involved in motion and their movement directions, which imply that the human body motions should be classified intoseveral distinct classes that need to be assigned different weights of postural stress. In the seated postion, the hip movement was the most stressful, the back was the second, and the shoulder was the third. Similarly, in standing postures, the hip was given the highest ranking, followed by the back, and the wrist.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.695-706
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• 2015

Let ${\mathcal{H}}$ be an infinite dimensional complex Hilbert space, and let $B({\mathcal{H}})$ be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on ${\mathcal{H}}$. Recall that an operator $T{\in}B({\mathcal{H})$ has property B(n) if ${\mid}T^n{\mid}{\geq}{\mid}T{\mid}^n$, $n{\geq}2$, which generalizes the class A-operator. We characterize the property B(n) of weighted shifts $S_{\lambda}$ over (${\eta},\;{\kappa}$)-type directed trees which appeared in the study of subnormality of weighted shifts over directed trees recently. In addition, we discuss the property B(n) of weighted shifts $S_{\lambda}$ over (2, 1)-type directed trees with nonzero weights are being distinct with respect to $n{\geq}2$. And we give some properties of weighted shifts $S_{\lambda}$ over (2, 1)-type directed trees with property B(2).