• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to compare the satisfaction of the urban parks and to classify and assess the environmentally-friendly behaviors in the urban parks. For this purpose, the park user's behaviors and satisfactions were surveyed in 10 parks in Seoul and its suburb area. Parks are divided into 2 types, the walking-distance parks and the metropolitan parks, by time to reach, visit frequency and visit purpose. The park users are generally satisfied with the facilities, but not satisfied with some specific items, such as cultural facilities, accommodations for the handicapped, safety facilities and sports facilities. The environmentally-friendly behaviors are positively assessed in general, but the behavior of the natural experience was negatively assessed. The environmentally-friendly behaviors in the urban parks are classified into 2 factors; the experience factor and the activity factor. The parks are categorized into 3 types by these factors. For type I parks, the experience factor is dominant, but the activity factor is relatively low. For type II parks, the both factors are low and the parks are necessary to improve. And type III parks are positively assessed in the aspect of the environmentally-friendly behaviors, even though some park are necessary to complement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2011

Eighteen different biometric traits in 407 Kankrej cows from their breeding zone, i.e. Palanpur district of Gujarat, India, were recorded and analyzed by factor analysis to explain body conformation. The averages of body length, height at withers, height at shoulder, height at knee, heart girth, paunch girth, face length, face width, horn length, horn diameter, distance between horns, ear length, ear width, neck length, neck diameter, tail length with switch, tail length without switch and distance between hip bones were $123.44{\pm}0.37$, $124.49{\pm}0.28$, $94.68{\pm}0.30$, $38.2{\pm}0.14$, $162.56{\pm}0.56$, $178.95{\pm}0.70$, $44.09{\pm}0.10$, $15.91{\pm}0.05$, $42.47{\pm}0.53$, $26.07{\pm}0.19$, $13.34{\pm}0.08$, $31.24{\pm}0.12$, $16.10{\pm}0.05$, $50.63{\pm}0.18$, $73.21{\pm}0.32$, $111.62{\pm}0.53$, $89.34{\pm}0.34$ and $17.28{\pm}0.10\;cm$, respectively. The correlation coefficients between different traits ranged from -0.806 (horn diameter and distance between horns) to 0.815 (heart girth and paunch girth). Most of the correlations were positive and significant. Factor analysis with promax rotation with power 3 revealed three factors which explained about 66.02% of the total variation. Factor 1 described the cow body and explained 38.89% of total variation. The second factor described the front view/face of the cow and explained 19.68% of total variation. The third factor described the back of the cow and explained 7.44% of total variation. It was necessary to include some more variables for factor 3 to obtain a reliable estimate of the back view of the cow. The lower communities shown for distance between horns, horn diameter, ear width and neck diameter indicated that these traits did not contribute effectively to explaining body conformation and can be dropped from recording, whereas all other traits are important and needed to explain body conformation in Kankrej cows. The result suggests that principal component analysis (PCA) could be used in breeding programs with a drastic reduction in the number of biometric traits to be recorded to explain body conformation.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2009

We have investigated the characteristics of a superconductive Pb shield for hemispherical shape and plate to improving signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of biomagnetism. We measured the shielding factor for the position of helmet shape Pb and for changing the distance from Pb surface. To make a uniform magnetic field, a $1.5m{\times}1.5m$ set of the helmholtz coils activated at several frequencies. The shielding factor of hemispherical shape Pb was from 20 to 57 dB and of Pb plate was about $6{\sim}26dB$ as a function of distance from the lead surface. The shielding factor was rapidly reduced as increasing the distance from Pb surface. The white noise of superconductive quantum interference device(SQUID) with a superconductive shield was about $12fT/Hz^{1/2}$ at 1 Hz, $7fT/Hz^{1/2}$ at 100 Hz. The white noise was more increased about two times than conventional SQUID system without Pb shielding. An auditory signal was measured by first order gradiometer and magnetometer with Pb superconductive shield and compared the SNR. The SQUID system with Pb shield had better performance at low frequency noise level.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2009

A study on the interference effects of overlapping tandem rotors in forward flight is conducted using the time-marching free-wake panel method which adopts field velocity boundary integral formulation. The conventional boundary integral formulation is numerically unstable for the cases when the blade and the wake are in close proximity to each other. In order to avoid this problem, this study applies the field velocity method and modifies the boundary integration formulation. The improved method is used for the parametric study on the advance ratio and the distance between the rotors. These are the parameters that most affect the interference of the tandem rotor in forward flight. Comparison of the aerodynamic performance shows that the horizontal distance between the rotors negligibly influences the overlap-induced power factor for high advance ratio. In addition, it shows that the overlap-induced power factor is inversely proportional to the squared vertical distance between the rotors, and that the overlap-induced power factor increases to a certain extent and decrease back as the advance ratio increases.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.73.1-73.1
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• 2012

We present the results of dust scattering simulations carried out for the Orion Eridanus Superbubble region by comparing them with observations made in the far-ultraviolet. The albedo and the phase function asymmetry factor (g-factor) of interstellar grains were estimated as well as the distance and thickness of the dust layers. The results are: 0.39-0.45 for the albedo and 0.25-0.65 for the g-factor, in good agreement with previous determinations and theoretical predictions. The distance of the assumed single dust layer, modeled for the Orion Molecular Cloud Complex, was estimated to be -110 pc and the thickness ranged from -130 at the core to -50 pc at the boundary for the region of the present interest, implying that the dust cloud is located in front of the Superbubble. The simulation result also indicates that a thin (-10 pc) dust shell surrounds the inner X-ray cavities of hot gas at a distance of -70-90 pc.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.98.1-98.1
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• 2012

We present the results of dust scattering simulations carried out for the Orion-Eridanus Superbubble region by comparing them with observations made in the far-ultraviolet. The albedo and the phase function asymmetry factor (g-factor) of interstellar grains were estimated, as were the distance and thickness of the dust layers. The results are as follows: [0.43]_(-0.04)^(+0.02) for the albedo and [0.43]_(-0.2)^(+0.2) for the g-factor, in good agreement with previous determinations and theoretical predictions. The distance of the assumed single dust layer, modeled for the Orion Molecular Cloud Complex, was estimated to be ~110 pc, and the thickness ranged from ~130 at the core to ~50 pc at the boundary for the region of present interest, implying that the dust cloud is located in front of the superbubble. The simulation result also indicates that a thin (~10 pc) dust shell surrounds the inner X-ray cavities of hot gas at a distance of ~70-90 pc.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.58-69
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to develop the Functional golf inner-wear by preventing the injuries and enhancing the performance of the Golf swing by checking the influence of the wearing of the functional golf inner-wear considering golf characteristics on the Swing trajectory and Shot distance. Functional inner-wear effective for golf swing was manufactured using the sports taping method. Changes in driver and iron swing before and after wearing the functional golf inner-wear manufactured in this way were measured using trackman equipment. Measurement variables were limited to Club Speed, Attack Angle, Club Path, Ball Speed, Smash Factor, and Priority. Before and after wearing functional golf inner-wear, there were statistically significant differences in driver club speed, iron club speed, driver etch angle, iron club pass, driver ball speed, driver smash factor, iron smash factor, driver carry, iron carry, and right shoulder joint proprioceptive sensory ability. As a result, functional golf inner-wear is effective for ball speed, impact, and carry by increasing club speed and efficient swing. Future research will focus on the development of functional golf that can improve the swing ability in a short game that plays an important role in the golf game through various sports taping grafting technique, textile, special material, film, Research on functional golf inner-wear.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1193-1205
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• 2018

A footing located on slopes possess relatively lower bearing capacity as compared to the footing located on the level ground. The bearing capacity further reduces under seismic loading. The adverse effect of slope inclination and seismic loading on bearing capacity can be minimized by proving sufficient setback distance. Though few earlier studies considered setback distance in their analysis, the range of considered setback distance was very narrow. No study has explored the critical setback distance. An attempt has been made in the present study to comprehensively investigate the effect of setback distance on footing under seismic loading conditions. The pseudo-static method has been incorporated to study the influence of seismic loading. The rate of decrease in seismic bearing capacity with slope inclination become more evident with the increase in embedment depth of footing and angle of shearing resistance of soil. The increase in bearing capacity with setback distance relative to level ground reduces with slope inclination, soil density, embedment depth of footing and seismic acceleration. The critical value of setback distance is found to increase with slope inclination, embedment depth of footing and density of soil. The critical setback distance in seismic case is found to be more than those observed in the static case. The failure mechanisms of footing under seismic loading is presented in detail. The statistical analysis was also performed to develop three equations to predict the critical setback distance, seismic bearing capacity factor ($N_{{\gamma}qs}$) and change in seismic bearing capacity (BCR) with slope geometry, footing depth and seismic loading.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze X-factor, triple X-factor, and the center of pressure (COP) according to the feel of golf driver swing. Method: For this research, 9 golfers from the Korea Professional Golfers' Association (age: $30.11{\pm}2.98yrs$, height: $178.00{\pm}8.42cm$, weight: $76.22{\pm}8.42kg$, experience: $10.06{\pm}3.11yrs$) were recruited to participate in the experiment. Twelve Motion Analysis Eagle-4 cameras were installed and an image analysis was conducted by using the NLT (non-linear transformation) method, and 2 units of Kistler type 5233A dynamometer were used to measure ground reaction force. The sampling ratio was set at 1000 Hz. The golfers each took 10 swings by using their own driver, and chose the best and worse feel from among 10 shots. A paired-sample t-test was used to analyze the results. Results: In regard to feel, no change in head speed, X-factor, and the triple X-factor's X-factor stretch, hip rise, and head swivel, was observed (p>.05). Regarding ground reaction force, a difference was observed between the top of the backswing (p<.05) and impact (p<.05) in the vertical force of the left foot. For COP, a difference was also observed between the mid backswing (p<.001), late backswing (p<.001), and top of the backswing (p<.05) for the right foot X-axis and Y-axis mid follow through (p<.01). Conclusion: It can be reasoned that, irrespective of feel, the head speed, X-factor and triple X-factor's X-factor stretch, hip rise and head swivel did not have an effect on drive distance for domestic golfers, and the vertical reaction force of the left foot and left-right movement span's pressure dispersal of the right foot had an increasing effect on drive distance.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2000

We have studied the dissolution kinetics of two fast releasing tablets in four media, and the similarity of dissolution profiles was compared using 3 methods. Two of the methods were introduced from statistical algorithm of distance methods, which are maximum distance and Mahalanobis distance. The dissolution kinetics were also analysed using FDA method for similarity evaluation, and the results were compared with those obtained using the distance methods.