• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.12C
• /
• pp.1184-1193
• /
• 2006

Image interpolation has been widely used and studied in the various fields of image processing. There are many approaches of varying complexity and robustness. In this paper, a new distance weight is proposed for the conventional linear interpolation. In comparison with the conventional linear weight, the new distance weight uses a quadratic or cubic polynomial equation to reflect that the interpolated value should be influenced more by the value of closer pixels in an input image. In this paper, the new adaptive linear (NAL) interpolation, which considers patterns near the interpolated value, is also proposed. This algorithm requires a pattern weight, which is used to determine the ratio of reflection on local patterns, to obtain an interpolated image that exhibits better quality at various magnification factors (MF). In the computer simulation, not only did the NAL interpolation exhibit much lower computational complexity than conventional bicubic interpolation, it also improved peak signal-to-noise ratios (PSNR).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.216-224
• /
• 2008

In general, based on criteria of subway law, radius 500m from subway station is defined as SIA(Subway Station Influence Area). Therefore, in this paper, selection models of SIA are developed to identify appropriate SIA for recently developed 4 new towns based based on CART analysis. As a result, following outputs are obtained; (1) walking distance from subway station is the most influential factor to define SIA (2) SIAs vary with new towns (i.e., bundang city: 856m, ilsan sanbon city 508m, pyungchon city 495m), and (3) walking distance from subway station is influential to land price of SIA. In addition, bundang and pyungchon new town are more affected in land price and walking distance. Therefore, it is desirable for current definition of SIA (radius 500m from subway station) to reflect characteristics of land use and walking distance in the new towns.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.39-54
• /
• 2017

At present, various technologies are rapidly advancing, centering on the concept of virtuality. From the technology of virtual reality, which allows us to experience the senses as if they existed, to the technology of augmented reality, which provides new information or services based on reality, they are no longer strange things for ourselves because we experience them every day and night. Even though the concept of virtual is very familiar in terms of technology, it is not known how individuals accept the concept of virtuality, how they change our way of thinking, and how their behavior changes. This study aims to approach virtuality perceived by the individual from the viewpoint of individual's information processing. Virtuality is defined as the degree to which the situation facing an individual is far from actual reality. An individual can judge the degree of virtuality easily, which is considered to be a psychological distance which is an important factor in personal information processing. In this study, we have confirmed whether the argument is applied to the real world in the context of advertisement. According to the construal level theory, when an individual feels virtuality at a high level, the individual thinks that the situation they are facing is psychologically distant and accordingly has a high level construal. Therefore, it is more influenced by 'advertisement emphasizing symbolic appeal' which is matching with higher level. On the other hand, when an individual feels a low level of virtuality, the individual thinks that the situation they are facing is psychologically near and thus has a low level construal. Therefore, respondents are more sensitive to functional appeal, which is related to lower level. This study has the theoretical contribution in terms that the degree of virtuality affects the psychological distance of the individual. In addition, the results of this study have practical contribution in terms of being able to be actively used in the information delivery strategy centered on the advertisement.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.24-28
• /
• 2019

Background: Glenoid baseplate location is important to good clinical outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). The glenoid vault is the determining factor for glenoid baseplate location, but, to date, there are no reports on the effect of central cage location within the glenoid vault on RTSA outcomes when using the $Exactech^{(R)}$ $Equinoxe^{(R)}$ Reverse System. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate cage location in relation to the glenoid vault and monitor for vault and/or cortex penetration by the cage. Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from the Samsung Medical Center (SMC) and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH). Patients who underwent RTSA between November 2016 and February 2018 were enrolled. Glenoid vault depth, central cage location within the vault were examined. Inferior glenoid rim-center distance, inferior glenoid rim-cage distance, and center-cage center distances were collected. Results: Twenty-two patients were enrolled. Three SNUBH patients had inappropriate central cage fixation (33.3%) versus 4 SMC patients (30.8%). All cage exposures were superior and posterior to the glenoid vault. Mean center-cage distance was 5.0 mm in the SNUBH group and 5.21 mm in the SMC group. Center-prosthesis distance was significantly longer in the inappropriate fixation group than in the appropriate fixation group (p<0.024). Conclusions: To ensure appropriate glenoid baseplate fixation within the glenoid vault, especially in a small glenoid, the surgeon should place the cage lower than usually targeted, and it should overhang the inferior glenoid rim.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The aims of this study were first, to compare panoramic radiography with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for evaluating topographic relationships, such as the classification of maxillary posterior teeth and their distance to the maxillary sinus floor; and second, to determine the relationship between maxillary sinus pathology and the presence of apical lesions. Materials and Methods: In total, 285 paired CBCT and panoramic radiography records of patients (570 maxillary sinuses) were retrospectively analyzed. Both imaging modalities were used to determine the topographic relationship of the maxillary posterior teeth to the sinus floor. Mucosal thickening >2 mm was considered a pathological state. Data were analyzed using the chi-square, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated. Results: The closest vertical distance measurements made between posterior maxillary teeth roots and the maxillary sinus on panoramic radiography and CBCT scans showed statistically significant differences from each other(P<0.05). Compared to panoramic radiography, CBCT showed higher mean values for the distance between the maxillary sinus floor and maxillary posterior teeth roots. The CBCT images showed that at least 1 apical lesion adjacent to the right maxillary sinus increased the risk of maxillary sinus pathology by 2.37 times(OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.58-3.55, P<0.05). Conclusion: Panoramic radiography might lead to unreliable diagnoses when evaluating the distance between the sinus floor and posterior roots of the maxillary teeth. Periapical lesions anatomically associated with maxillary sinuses were a risk factor for sinus mucosal thickening.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2021

Distance learning (DL) has become a major issue in the educational field with the spread of COVID-19. In order to enhance the satisfaction of DL learners, efforts to cultivate learners' competencies, as well as investment to build IT infrastructure, and activities to support high-quality content provision should be comprehensively considered. Based on a survey of 221 college students, this study verified that digital literacy (knowledge, skill, and mind) and information systems success factors (system, information, and service quality) all positively affect DL satisfaction, in turn, which positively influences on DL continuance. This study is meaningful in that it comprehensively considered learner's ability and IT infrastructure and analyzed the effect on the satisfaction and intention of continuous use of DL. In the future, it is necessary to expand the target of not only college students but also elementary and secondary students and instructors, and to further consider interaction, which is a major factor in the distance learning process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2010

Wave energy is dissipated mainly by friction on the seabed until the waves reach the surf zone. Many researchers have investigated the mechanism of wave friction and the bottom shear stress induced by wave motion at a certain point is now well estimated by introducing the wave friction factor related to the near bed velocity given by linear wave theory. The variation of wave energy or wave height over a long distance can be, however, estimated by an iteration process when the propagation of waves is strongly influenced by bed friction. In the present study simple semi-theoretical equation has been developed to compute the variation of wave height for the condition of wave propagation on a constant beach slope. The ratio of wave height is determined by the product of shoalng factor and wave height friction factor (frictional wave energy dissipation factor). The wave height estimated by the new equation is compared with the wave height estimated by the solution of numerical integration for the condition that the waves propagate on a constant slope.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.33 no.7
• /
• pp.1300-1311
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate pre-service science teachers' difficulties in the 'inquiry mentoring' program, which was developed to improve pre-service science teachers' inquiry teaching ability. For this study, I developed the 'inquiry mentoring' program in which pre-service science teachers taught high school students. This program was adapted for 2.5 months, and 45 pre-service science teachers participated and taught 44 high school students. During this program, pre-service science teachers kept 'mentor diaries' and wrote 'mentoring reports' at the end of the program. Interviews were conducted with all pre-service science teachers. Results are as follows: first, pre-service science teachers thought that the difficulties in inquiry mentoring resulted from their inadequacy (mentor factor) than students' inadequacy (mentee factor). Second, pre-service science teachers perceived their lack of cognitive ability, inquiry ability and teaching ability as a mentor factor. Third, pre-service science teachers thought that they had difficulties in students' differences and lack of activity as a mentee factor. Fourth, they described difficulties caused by emotional distance as well as physical distance as an interaction factor. They also mentioned the difficulties related to teaching range and online interaction. Fifth, pre-service science teachers expressed a sense of frustration with the inquiry environment. Additionally, some implications were discussed for pre-service science teacher education through the 'inquiry mentoring' program.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.59-75
• /
• 2010

This study analyzed on the recognition characteristics of high school students in Seoul about the factors influencing the land value. The results are as follows; First, when the factors influencing the land value was divided into 'the factors related with the publicly assessed land value' and 'the unrelated factors.' Students recognized that the former had more influence on the land value than the latter. Second, students recognized that 'the relative factors of land' had more influence on the land value than 'the absolute factors of land'. Third, as a result of checking how much five evaluation criterions influence on the recognition characteristics about the factors influencing the land value, the distance to major facilities had the most influence on the recognition, while the situation of land use had the weakest one. Among 13 factors, the distance from the convenience facilities was most influential and the shape of the land was least influential. Fourth, there was a gap between recognition of choosing the highest land value areas and the lowest land value areas and recognition of degree that the factor influencing the land value had an effect on the land value. Lastly, when the result of recognition about factors influencing the land value and the land value ranking was compared with the result of the co-relation between the land value and factors influencing the land value of the real region, either similar or different results were shown.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.526-535
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted at the Civilian Controlled Zone(CCZ) in the Cherowon from February to March 2004 to investigate the reaction to the vehicles of Red-crowned Cranes(RCC) and White-naped Cranes(WNC) and trade-off of the vehicle interruption with food resources. The for-aging distance from the road of WNC was much closer than that of RCC. The large flocks of cranes' average feeding distance from the road was farther than small flocks of cranes in both species. Cranes showed the reaction, such as alert, walking, running and flying against the vehicle stop and were more sensitive as they were close to the road. The reacting time to the stopping vehicle were reduced as it was farther from the road. The distance of about 250m was a reaction threshold distance against the vehicle stop to both species. The reacting time in the same distance was not different in relation to the traffic volume, but large traffic volume tended to cause cranes to stay far away from the road and not to feed themselves near a traffic congested area. The reason cranes fed themselves on fallen rice grains in spite of the vehicular traffic interruption factor was that there was a high density of the fallen rice grains remaining at the area near a road.