• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2015

Purpose : Recently, many researchers and golf coachers demonstrated that X-factor and X-factor stretch had a co-relationship with driving distance. However, its relationship is still controversial and ambiguous. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship among X-factor, X-factor stretch and swing-related factors, including driving distance in elite golfers. Method : Seventeen male elite golfers (handicap: ${\leq}4$) with no history of musculo-skeletal injuries participated in the study. Thirty spherical retro-reflective markers were placed on including the middle point of PSIS, the right/left ASIS, the right/left lateral acromion of the scapula, driver head and shaft grip. All motion capture data was collected at 100Hz using 6 infrared cameras. Carry distance, club speed, ball speed, smash factor, launch angle, and spin rate were collected from radar-based device, TrackMan. Results : Pearson's correlation coefficient method was used to find the correlations among X-factor, X-factor stretch and swing-related factors. Positive correlations between driving distance and other swing-related factors which include club speed(r=.798, p<.001), and ball speed(r=.948, p<.001) were observed. In contrast to the swing-related factors, X-factor and X-factor stretch had no relationship to driving distance. Conclusion : These results indicate that X-factor and X-factor stretch are not key regulators in driving distance.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between physical factors (X-factor, X-factor stretch) and club factors (club speed, ball speed, club path, smash factor, vertical launch angle, spin rate, flight time, total length) during impact and it affect on the total distance of the ball during a golf driver swing. Background : There were not enough studies that analyzed the correlation between physical factors(X-factor, X-factor stretch) and club factors(club speed, ball speed, club path, smash factor, launch angle, spin rate, flight time, total length) during a purpose swing to increase total distance. Method : For this study, 9 right handed professional male golfers (KPGA) were chosen. The test subject group used their own drivers and each took a total of 10 swings. These swings consisted of 5 purpose swings to increase total distance and 5 normal swings. Results : The purpose swing to increase total distance showed larger physical factors(X-factor, X-factor stretch) compared to a normal swing however the results were not statistically significant. Total distance increased during a purpose swing as a result of ball and club speed. Conclusion : The results showed that club factors, ball speed and club speed contributed the most in affecting the total distance of the ball during a purpose swing.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.325-342
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• 2023

The damping modification factor (DMF) is used to modify the 5%-damped response spectrum to produce spectral values that correspond to other necessary damping ratios for seismic design. The DMF has been the subject of numerous studies, and it has been discovered that seismological parameters like magnitude and distance can have an impact on it. However, DMF formulations incorporating these seismological parameters cannot be directly applied to seismic design because these parameters are not specified in the present seismic codes. The goal of this study is to develop a formulation for the DMF that can be directly applied in seismic design and that takes the effects of magnitude, distance, and site conditions into account. To achieve this goal, 16660 ground motions with magnitudes ranging from 4 to 9 and epicentral distances ranging from 10 to 200 km are used to systematically study the effects of magnitude, distance, and site conditions on the DMF. Furthermore, according to the knowledge that magnitude and distance affect the DMF primarily by changing the spectral shape, a spectral shape factor is adopted to reflect influences of magnitude and distance, and a new formulation for the DMF incorporating the spectral shape factor is developed. In comparison to the current formulations, the proposed formulation provides a more accurate prediction of the DMF and can be employed directly in seismic design.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2013

For power system protection, the distance relay settings are important. Apparent factor is a necessary parameter in distance relay settings. Apparent factors have to be calculated when setting the distance relays and doing the resetting in case of configuration change in power system. The problem is that the current method to calculate apparent factor requires tools and plenty of time to do fault analysis and this method is complex especially in case of configuration change. Therefore this paper proposes a fast algorithm to calculate apparent factor without the fault analysis. Test results prove that this algorithm is simple and accurate by simulation.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.51-74
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate critical success factors for effective implementation of web-based distance learning system. First of all, four critical success factors are theoretically derived from reviewing previous research. They are: (1) learner-related factor including the variables such as teaming ability, learning attitude, and attending motivation, (2) environmental factor including the variables of physical and mental support for learners, (3) instructional design factor represented by one variable, the degree of appropriateness of learning contents, and (4) the factor concerning the level of self-directed learning readiness embracing the variables such as curiosity for learning, openness towards challenge of learning and affection for learning. Subsequently, the relationships between these four critical success factors and the degree of learning satisfaction are empirically investigated. The data for empirical analysis of the research are collected from 1,020 respondents who have already passed the web-based distance learning courses which have been implemented in Information and Communication Officials Training Institute. Out of 1,020 responded questionnaires, 875 data were available for statistical analyses. The main results of this study are as follows. Firstly, the most important factor for successful implementation of the web-based distance learning system is shown to be the instructional design factor, and in the next place, the self-directed learning readiness factor, the environmental factor and the learner-related one in sequence. Secondly, additional analysis of the variables included in the instructional design factor shows that availability of practical information and knowledge is the most influencing variable, and next, interesting composition of contents, reasonable learning amount, optimal level of instruction, and understandable explanation are significantly important in the descending order. Lastly, among learning motivators, strong intention of acquiring business knowledges and skills is found to be the most important satisfier in the web-based distance learning. The theoretical contribution of this study is to derive a comprehensive model of critical success factors for implementing the web-based distance learning system. And, the practical implication of this study is to propose efficient and effective guidelines for developing and operating the web-based distance learning system in the various kinds of organizations.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.83-97
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate stereotypes, affect and social distance toward people from Southeast Asia among visiting supervisors for multicultural families and to explore the factors that influence social distance. The subjects were 243 visiting supervisors for multicultural families. The data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows 15.0 through means, standard deviations, Cronbach's a, Scheff$\acute{e}$ tests, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise regression. It was found that stereotypes and affect among visiting supervisors toward people from Southeast Asia were somewhat positive, at a little higher than midpoint. Social distance, on the other hand, was found to be a little lower than midpoint. To discover the factors that influenced social distance, a stepwise regression was executed. Stereotype was the factor with the highest magnitude of effect and affect was the second- strongest factor in explaining the social distance found among visiting supervisors. Age was the third significant factor in explaining social distance. These variables accounted for 35.7% of variance in the social distance data.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.573-582
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• 2015

Edit distance metrics are widely used for many applications such as string comparison and spelling error corrections. Hamming distance is a metric for two equal length strings and Damerau-Levenshtein distance is a well-known metrics for making spelling corrections through string-to-string comparison. Previous distance metrics seems to be appropriate for alphabetic languages like English and European languages. However, the conventional edit distance criterion is not the best method for agglutinative languages like Korean. The reason is that two or more letter units make a Korean character, which is called as a syllable. This mechanism of syllable-based word construction in the Korean language causes an edit distance calculation to be inefficient. As such, we have explored a new edit distance method by using consonant normalization and the normalization factor.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2018

Applying metric(distance) factor as weighting to spatial syntax is known to not contribute to the explanatory power for the human movement behavior as compared to the geometric(angle) factor according to the negative results of several related studies. However, Kim & Piao (2017) assumed that there is not a problem of the metric factor itself but a problem of the way of applying the metric factor as weighting, and presented a new possibility of the metric factor as weighting by proposing and verifying the methods of applying the metric weighting, which are different from the existing ones. The purpose of this study is to propose advanced methods of applying the metric weighting to space syntax, and to verify whether they contribute to the improvement of explanatory power of space syntax analysis. In this paper, we propose functions for combined depth of distance-step that combine the distance-weighted depth function with the step depth function and apply them to axial segment analysis to check the improvement of explanatory power of them.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.63-87
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• 2009

본 연구는 소비자 관점에서 심리적 거리가 소비자의 제품지각 및 구매의도와 같은 지각된 위험에 어떠한 영향을 주는가를 고찰하고 있다. 기존의 연구들이 간과하고 있는 심리적 거리의 새로운 차원을 규명하고 심리적 거리의 개념을 재정립하고 있다. 또한 심리적 거리를 측정하여 심리적 거리의 새로운 차원을 규명하고 이론적 틀을 정립하였으며 심리적 거리가 소비자들의 지각된 위험과 성과에 어떠한 관련성을 가지는가를 검증하고 있다. 주로 조직 간의 연구가 주류를 이루고 있는 기존의 연구들과 관점을 달리하여 소비자 관점에서의 심리적 거리가 소비자들의 지각된 위험과 성과에 어떠한 관련성을 가지는가를 규명한다. 본 연구를 통해 밝혀진 결과는 첫째, 심리적 거리의 존재에 대한 몇몇 연구자들의 회의적인 견해와는 달리 국제마케팅활동에서 심리적 거리는 소비자 행동에서 외재적 단서로 여전히 존재하고 있다는 것이다. 둘째, 심리적 거리의 새로운 영향요인이 도출되었다. 문화와 심리적 거리는 형성되는 방법에 있어서는 동질적인 요소를 내포하고 있으나 심리적 거리는 문화의 변동성뿐만 아니라 다른 영향요인들에 의해 훨씬 더 복잡하게 형성되는 것으로 문화는 심리적 거리를 형성하는 데 영향을 줄 수 있는 영향요인이지 심리적 거리를 측정하는 측정변수로는 부족하다는 것이다. 셋째, 심리적 거리가 소비자의 구매행동에도 직접적인 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것이다. 넷째, 소비자들의 구매의도를 증가시키기 위해서는 제품에 대한 태도뿐만 아니라 소비자들이 제품을 구매할 때 느끼는 심리적 불안감이 중요한 요인으로 작용한다는 사실이 검증되었다.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2012

This study aims at finding relationships between the competitiveness of cities and the size or distance of them, based on some premises; (1) the competitiveness can be measured on the interval-ratio level, that is, factor scores, (2) a hypothesis that the spatial interaction model is valid for the relationships can be generally accepted. Based on the general recognition a research hypothesis that the more is the population or the nearer is the distance from a central city the higher is the competitiveness score is constructed. According to the premises 5-factor scores and composite score are calculated by means of regression method, and the scores are regressed on cities' populations and distances from Seoul city. Using bootstrapping method for the tests of significance is effective due to small sample of 21 cities. Results of the analyses show that most aspects of the hypothesis should be rejected or adjusted. Scores on Health-welfare factor, public service factor, and commercial vitality factor have no relation to the cities' sizes or distances. But the results also find the facts that the strong (negative) relationships exist between (1) educational base factor score and population, (2) density factor score and distance. Although this study improves systematic and analytic understanding of spatial interaction patterns, the understanding should be invalid for the general context because it has used the data on 21 cities in the capital region at the time of 2009.