• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 1996

In case waste disposal site is to be constructed close to the underground facilities such as LPG storage cavern which is completely maintained by groundwater pressure, it is generally requested that the possibility on leachate contamination of cavern area be reviewed and the countermeasure, if it is estimated cavern area is severely affected by leachate, be taken into consideration. Prediction was performed and leachate control plan was made using by analytical and the numerical analysis on the leachate migration which is likely to happen at the area between the proposed waste disposal site and the underground LPG storage cavern located at the U petrochemical complex. Analytical solutions were obtained by the conservative mass advection-diffusion equation and the effect of advection and dispersion factor on the leachate migration was reviewed through peclet number calculation and the functional relationship between the factors and leachate transport velocity was established, which leads to enable us to predict the leachate transport velocity without difficulties when different parameters (factors) are used for analytical solution. Numerical solutions were obtained by FEM using AQUA2D which is for the simulation of groundwater flow and contaminant transport. 3-D discrete fracture models were simulated and fracture flow analysis was performed and feasibility study on the water-curtain system was conducted through the fracture connectivity analysis in rock mass. As results of those analyses, it was interpreted that the leachate would trespass on the LPG storage cavern area in 30 years from the proposed wate disposal site and the vertical water-curtain system was effective mathod for the prevention of leachate's migration further into the cavern area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.253-257
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• 2005

This research aims to demonstrate the regional and site scale groundwater flow simulation for the high level radioactive disposal research site in Yu-seong. We used the Modflow by a finite difference method for groundwater flow simulation, and Modpath module in Modflow package for particle tracking simulation. The range of numerical domain for regional groundwater flow model is $16.32km{\times}20.16km$. And, the depth of numerical domain was expanded to 6,000m. The area of numerical domain for the site scale groundwater flow simulation is $1.6km{\times}1.6km$. Since 2005, the underground research tunnel(URT) is being constructed at KAERI(Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) site. In the site scale groundwater flow model, the groundwater flow around the KAERI site is simulated. And the change of groundwater level with tunnel excavation is also predicted.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.537-541
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• 2002

This study aimed to obtain the relative formula with the unit treatment cost according to the treatment of a sewage plant in the service area under highway. The following results were obtained. The correlative formula connected to amount of sewage(Q)generation was as follows ; between an annual amount of sale(C) showed Q=19.113$.$C$\^$0.9294/, and between the number of users(P) showed Q=2${\times}$10$\^$-8/ $.$P$^2$- 0.0298$.$P + 75,666. The correlative formula connected to the treatment cost was as follows , according to the amount of sewage generation showed S= 3${\times}$10$\^$-6/$.$Q 0-0.2266$.$Q+29,895, according to the elimination of BOD(E) showed S=6${\times}$10$\^$-5/$.$E$^2$-0.6717$.$E + 27,744, according to the annual amount of sale showed S=0.0005 C$^2$-4.8013$.$C + 35,118, with the number, of persons(P) using the service area showed S= 2${\times}$10$\^$-8/ $.$P$^2$- 0.046$.$P + 48,803.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.787-799
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the accumulation of metallic elements and the control effect of marine pollution caused by ocean dumping in the sediments at a waste disposal area in the Yellow Sea. In July 2009, concentrations of organic matter and metallic elements (Al, Fe, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Zn) were measured in surface sediments at the site. The ignition loss (IL) in the surface sediments showed a mean value of 15.4%, about 1.5 times higher than the mean value of the sediments in the coastal areas of Korea. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) at some disposal sites exceeded 20 mg $O_2/g{\cdot}dry$, which signifies the initial concentration of marine sediment pollutants in Japan. The disposal sites contain higher concentrations of Cr, Cu and Zn than the sediments of bays and estuaries that might be contaminated. The magnitude of both metal enrichment factors (EF) and adverse biological effects suggest that pollution with Cr and Ni occurred due to the dumping of waste in the study area. In addition, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed that the surface sediments were moderately contaminated. By the mid-2000s, when the amount of waste dumped at this site was the highest, the concentration of metallic elements was higher than ever recorded. On the other hand, in 2008-09, the need for environmental management was relatively low compare with the peak. As a result, the quality of marine sediment has been enhanced, considering the effect of waste reduction and natural dilution in the disposal area.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.533-541
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• 2001

This research was carried out to obtain the information about the use of deep-fat-fried foods and treatment of oils used for deep-fat-frying at home. Data were obtained through questionnaires from 442 housewives in Chonbuk area. The frequency of taking deep-fat-fried foods was affected by ages and residential area. Average score for the preference of deep-fat-fried foods was 3.60 in the 5 point scale. Fifty three percent of the respondents prepared deep-fat-fried foods by themselves at home. The oil most commonly used for deep-fat-frying was soybean oil followed by com oil. Proper frying temperature was determined by dropping salt or food coating materials into the oil. Oil color was used as a parameter for determining the life of frying oils by 81.2% of the respondents. Most of the respondents appealed to use oils one more time after filtering. For the disposal of used frying oil, 65.7% of the respondents used some kinds of absorbing papers; 16.1% made soaps and 10.7% discarded into a sink. According to correlation analysis, the frequency of taking deep-fat-fried food had positive relationships with housewives's health status, preference for foods prepared with oil and fats and family's preference for deep-fat-fried foods.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.622-631
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• 2014

The purpose of this research was to find a proper disposal rainfall extent to improve water quality. SWMM was applied to select catchment area and tested first flush load and rainfall extent. BOD 40mg/L was selected to dispose the first flush and sewer overflow with the same as the criteria of Sewerage Act. Design rainfall, BOD load ratio of first flush sewer overflow, and the ratio of disposal flow were analyzed under various rainfall distribution. BOD load and design rainfall to treat overflow in situation of first flush extent with 4.3~17.4% were 56~87% and 3.8~6.8 mm/day, respectively. In urban area, first flush loads were not correspond to land activities, but tend to increase with increasing rainfall amount and drainage area. The more the distribution of rainfall is similar to Huff-frontal or central distribution of rainfall, the more increase the first flush loads.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.159-180
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• 2001

The quantity of waste has been increased due to the increase in population and consumption after industrialization. Accordingly it caused the urban environmental problems, the lack of landfill and the pollution around the landfill. Thus, it is necessary to research the adequate alternative in the long-term. In case of Japan, areas and quantities of landfills at sea are more great than those of landfills in land. And investigating our condition, landfills of the metropolitan area in land are to be fully filled with wastes up to 2020 and be closed. In this research, construction of landfill sites at sea is suggested as the alternative waste disposal method and it is suggested that in our country, the suitable landfill sites of the metropolitan area are the regions around Jangbong-do Island and Muei-do Island. It is expected that the best way to transport wastes is to transport through Kyungin canal from the middle collection center to the lower Han River. Rough cost for construction of landfill at sea, if it is used for 50 years, is expected to be 2 trillion won and total time to construct the landfill is expected to be 10 years. Many studies concerning to this research proposal are to be performed so that construction of landfills familiar to environment are to be accomplished.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2013

Bentonite is generally used as a buffer material in high-level radioactive waste disposal facilities and consists of 50% quartz by weight. Quartz strongly affects the behavior of bentonite over very long periods. For this reason, quartz dissolution experiment was performed under high-pressure and high-alkalinity conditions based on the conditions found in a high-level radioactive waste disposal facility located deep underground. In this study, two quartz dissolution experiments were conducted on 1) quartz beads under low-pressure and high-alkalinity conditions and 2) a single quartz crystal under high-pressure and high-alkalinity conditions. Following the experiments, a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to observe the surfaces of experimental samples. Numerical analyses using the finite element method (FEM) were also performed to quantify the deformation of contact area. Quartz dissolution was observed in both experiments. This deformation was due to a concentrated compressive stress field, as indicated by the quartz deformation of the contact area through the FEM analysis. According to the numerical results, a high compressive stress field acted upon the neighboring contact area, which showed a rapid dissolution rate compared to other areas of the sample.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2003

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for the Incheon-city Southern Region Integrated Disposal Treatment Facility. The site is located in Dongchun-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon. The main design concepts are as follows: First, considering connection of the site with surrounding water, inner sea is designed as an environmentally friendly place and as a leisure-sports theme park in which several sports facilities and relaxing places are arranged. It is also designed for everyone: people of all ages, disabled, workers, visitors and local residents. The design was processed on the basis of survey, analysis of surrounding competing facilities and SWOT analysis. Second, the ecological planting model was developed by analyzing the natural vegetation map in the surrounding area and planted vegetation types in the seaside reclamation area. The model was then applied to the ecological community, park area and roadside trees, so as to harmonize with the local habitat. Third, the project is intended to launch private capital for managing the sports park and golf course. This will enable a entrepreneur to make flexible plans for golf training field that is expected to yield a good financial return. It is expected that this design would serve the local residents as a symbolic, environmentally friendly leisure-sports theme park.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.289-308
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• 2021

This study conducts coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical numerical modeling to investigate the maximum temperature and conditions for securing mechanical stability of the high-level radioactive waste repository when temperature criteria of bentonite buffer are 100℃ and 125℃, respectively. In case of temperature criterion of buffer as 100℃, the maximum temperatures at the interface between canister and buffer are calculated to be 99.4℃ and 99.8℃, respectively for a case with disposal tunnel spacing of 40 m and deposition hole spacing of 5.5 m and for the other case with disposal tunnel spacing of 30 m and deposition hole spacing of 6.5 m. In case of temperature criterion of buffer as 125℃, spacings of disposal tunnel and deposition hole could be decreased to 30 m and 4.5 m, respectively, which reduces the disposal area up to 55% compared to the disposal area of KRS⁺. According to analysis of mechanical stability for various disposal spacings, RMR of rock mass for KRS⁺ should be larger than 72.4 which belongs to good rock in RMR classification to prevent failure of rock mass. As disposal spacing is decreased, required RMR of rock mass is increased. In order to prevent failure of rock mass for a case with disposal tunnel spacing of 30 m and deposition hole spacing of 4.5 m, RMR larger than 87.3 is needed. However, mechanical stability of the repository is secured for all cases with RMR over 75 considering the enhancement of rock strength due to confining stress induced by swelling of the bentonite buffer and backfill.