• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1143-1153
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose an efficient architecture for a real-time image stitching engine for vision SoCs found in motor vehicles. To enlarge the obstacle-detection distance and area for safety, we adopt panoramic images from multiple telegraphic cameras. We propose a stitching method based on a fixed homography that is educed from the initial frame of a video sequence and is used to warp all input images without regeneration. Because the fixed homography is generated only once at the initial state, we can calculate it using SW to reduce HW costs. The proposed warping HW engine is based on a linear transform of the pixel positions of warped images and can reduce the computational complexity by 90% or more as compared to a conventional method. A dual-core SW/HW image stitching engine is applied to stitching input frames in parallel to improve the performance by 70% or more as compared to a single-core engine operation. In addition, a dual-core structure is used to detect a failure in state machines using rock-step logic to satisfy the ISO26262 standard. The dual-core SW/HW image stitching engine is fabricated in SoC with 254,968 gate counts using Global Foundry's 65 nm CMOS process. The single-core engine can make panoramic images from three YCbCr 4:2:0 formatted VGA images at 44 frames per second and frequency of 200 MHz without an LCD display.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.331-337
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• 2020

The study is underway with the goal of developing an app that will replace vernier calipers using a smartphone's high-performance camera. The specifications of the camera mounted on recent smart phones have evolved so that usually has a 12 Mpixels of image sensor and its size of the pixel is 1.4㎛ and the size of the image sensor is 1 / 2.55 in. The proposed algorithm will apply to develop a precision measuring application that will compete with the Vernier calipers. Most existing applications cannot guarantee an accuracy in scale because the scale of the ruler displayed on the image is unclear or the size of the measurement object varies depending on the distance between the camera and the measurement object. In addition, another accurate measuring tools using lasers are also available, but they are limited because they are expensive. Therefore, if easy-to-carry and precise applications are developed, it is possible to substitute existing measurement tools. The proposed correction algorithm is an algorithm that automatically corrects the distorted source image using the shape and size information of the known template. The e-calipers are applications that display the distance when the area to be measured is specified in the corrected image.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 2012

The ${\epsilon}$ type copper phthalocyanine (${\epsilon}$-CuPc), called as a pigment blue 15 : 6, is a significant material to produce a blue pixel in LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) panel. In this study, ${\epsilon}$-CuPc sample was synthesized at various reaction conditions by applying the seed method using ${\epsilon}$-CuPc nanoparticles as a seed. Adequate synthetic conditions of the samples were selected by analyzing and comparing crystalline structure, crystalline purity, microstructure, and synthetic yield of the samples with ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ crystalline CuPc samples. The chemical and crystalline structure of the samples were tested using FT-IR spectrometer and X-ray diffractometry, respectively. The shape of the particle was examined using field emission scanning electiron microscope while the thermal property was tested utilizing thermogravimetric analysis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.471-474
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• 2006

Objective : Neuroimaging data are of paramount importance in making correct diagnosis. We herein evaluate the clinical usefulness of image transfer using cellular phones to facilitate neurological diagnosis and decision-making. Methods : Selected images from CT, MRI scans, and plain films obtained from 50 neurosurgical patients were transferred by cellular phones. A cellular phone with a built-in 1,300,000-pixel digital camera was used to capture and send the images. A cellular phone with a 262,000 color thin-film transistor liquid crystal display was used to receive the images. Communication between both cellular phones was operated by the same wireless protocol and the same wireless internet service. We compared the concordance of diagnoses and treatment plans between a house staff who could review full-scale original films and a consultant who could only review transferred images. These finding were later analyzed by a third observer. Results : The mean time of complete transfer was $2{\sim}3\;minutes$. The quality of all images received was good enough to make precise diagnosis and to select treatment options. Transferred images were helpful in making correct diagnosis and decision making in 49/50 [98%] cases. Discordant result was caused in one patient by improper selection of images by the house staff. Conclusion : The cellular phone system was useful for image transfer and delivery patient's information, leading to earlier diagnosis and initiation of treatment. This usefulness was due to sufficient resolution of the built-in camera and the TFT-LCD, the user-friendly features of the devices, and their low cost.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.337-343
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• 2007

Since three-dimensional (3D) images reconstructed in interval imaging technique are related to the resolution of elemental images, there has been a problem that ray information of elemental images increases largely in order to obtain high-resolution 3D images. In this paper, to overcome this problem, a new unidirectional integral imaging based on pinhole model is proposed. Proposed method provides a new type of unidirectional elemental images, which are simply obtained by magnifying single horizontal pixel line of each elemental image to the vertical size of lenslet using ray analysis based on pinhole model and used to display 3D images. In proposed method, reduction effect of the ray information of elemental images can be obtained by scarifying vortical parallax. Feasibility of the proposed scheme is experimentally demonstrated and its results are presented.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1076-1081
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• 2019

In response to the recent development of IT technologies, there are more demands for visual devices such as display. However, noise is generated in the process of sending video data due to various reasons. Noise is the representative noise which is commonly found. While A-TMF, CWMF, and AMF are the typical ways for removing Salt and Pepper noise, the noise is not removed well in high-density noise environment. To remove the noise in the high-density noise environment, this study suggested an algorithm which identifies whether it's noise or not. If it's not a noise, matches the original pixel. If it's a noise, divide the $3{\times}3$ local mask into the area of the element treated and the area of the element to be processed. Then, algorithm proposes to apply different weights for each element to treat it as an average filter. To analyze the performance of the algorithm, this study compared PSNR to compare the algorithm with other existing methods.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.417-424
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• 2019

This paper presents the design of a JPEG-LS codec for lossless image compression from AR/VR device. The proposed JPEG-LS(: LosSless) codec is mainly composed of a context modeling block, a context update block, a pixel prediction block, a prediction error coding block, a data packetizer block, and a memory block. All operations are organized in a fully pipelined architecture for real time image processing and the LOCO-I compression algorithm using improved 2D approach to compliant with the SBT coding. Compared with a similar study in JPEG-LS, the Block-RAM size of proposed STB-FLC architecture is reduced to 1/3 compact and the parallel design of the predication block could improved the processing speed.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.381-387
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• 2021

As Head-Mounted Displays(HMDs), which are mainly used to maximize realism in games and videos, have experienced increased demand and expanded scope of use in education and training, there is growing interest in methods to enhance the performance of conventional HMDs. In this study, a methodology to utilize Carbon NanoTubes(CNTs) to improve the performance of gate drivers that send control signals to each pixel circuit of the HMD is discussed. This paper proposes a new circuit design method that replaces the transistors constituting the buffer part of the conventional gate driver with transistors incorporating CNTs and compare the performance of the suggested gate drive with that of a gate driver comprising only conventional transistors via simulations. According to the simulation results, by including CNTs in the gate driver, the output voltage can be increased by approximately 0.3V compared to the conventional gate driver high voltage(1.1V) at a speed of 12.5 GHz and the gate width also can be reduced by up to 20 times.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.513-518
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• 2022

In the past two years, all sectors of society have been underdeveloped and suffered a significant damage due to COVID-19. In particular, people who were working in many areas of research were unable to do anything due to restrictions on meetings with people and social distancing. The purpose of this study is to develop a social distancing device that allows users to maintain the distance in accordance with the government guidelines through an analysis of people's social distancing methods in the COVID-19 society through UX Design. In order to develop the social distancing device, the distance is expressed by changing the color of LED based on research related to UI design such as ultrasonic distance sensor, battery, charging method, distance display method, etc. The outer form of the social distancing device is designed using 3D, the device is developed by installing ultrasonic distance sensor, neo-pixel module and Arduino after printing a prototype using a 3D printer, and this device is tested to develop a final product that helps the social distancing practice amid COVID-19.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1868-1873
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• 2021

This paper proposes the Hough transform(HT) using an extended lookup table(LUT) to reduce the computational burden of the HT that is a typical straight line detection algorithm, and analyzes its performance. The conventional HT also uses a LUT to the calculation of the parameter 𝜌 of all straight lines passing through an edge pixel of interest(ePel) in order to reduce the computational burden. However, the proposed HT adopts an extended LUT that can be applied to straight lines across the ePel as well as its peripheral edge pixels to induce more computational reduction. This paper proves the validity of the proposed algorithm mathematically and also verifies it through simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed HT reduces the multiplication computation from 49.6% up to 16.1%, depending on the image and the applied extended LUT, compared to the conventional HT.