• Title/Summary/Keyword: Display Factors

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The effect of viewing distance and the speed of motion-in-depth on visual fatigue (시각적 피로도에 영향을 미치는 시청거리와 깊이방향의 운동속도)

  • Kham, Kee-Taek;Li, Hyung-Chul;Lee, Seung-Hyun
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.169-180
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    • 2009
  • The present study have investigated the effect of the characteristics of stereoscopic images and viewing environment on visual fatigue. We manipulated the speed of stereo images with motion-in-depth and viewing distance, which were used as representative variables of the characteristics of stereo image and viewing environment, respectively. Visual fatigue was evaluated with use of a subjective questionnaire which is consisting of 5 different and independent factors: "Eye pain", "Visual stress," "Nauseousness", "Body stiffness", and "Blurriness". In general, when viewing time increased from 10 minutes to 20 and 40 minutes, observers felt severe visual fatigue. Among other factors, only the factor score of "Nauseousness" was significantly increased as the speed of object moving in depth became faster. When viewing distance was increased, the score of "Blurriness" was decreased. These results suggest that different kind of the visual fatigue might be induced depending on characteristics of the stereo images and viewing environment.

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The Study of Usability Evaluation in the GUI of Mobile Computing - Based on Benchmark Testing in the interface design of WIPI (Mobile Computing의 GUI 개발에 있어 사용성 평가 연구 - WIPI 인터페이스 디자인을 위한 Benchmark Testing을 중심으로 -)

  • 정봉금;송연승
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.49-62
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    • 2004
  • Due to the recent surge of wireless Internet and concurrent development of the end user terminal devices having standardized graphical user interface(GUI) and unified operation mechanism for better interactivity in information representation and ease of use, various efforts on the improvement of GUI is widely recognized as one of the key factors that will usher in the next stages of the wireless Internet for the users. Especially, improved usability along with unique visual effect are considered to be the key elements for GUI considering the rapid improvement of the resolution and color on the end user handset devices; thus, the study and research on the subject of GUI is expected to increase along with the wireless Internet using smart phones. User interface of the wires Internet end user handsets will have a definite and significant effect on the user interaction as well as productivity. Domestically, wireless Internet service providers and GUI design companies are making various efforts in producing a common GUI models for standardized operation scheme and improved graphical display capabilities of the hand phones, PDAs and smart phones. In the study, Nokia 3650 model and Microsoft Orange SPV model were chosen as test devices for usability comparison and data collection to collect directional benchmark data in developing next generation smart phone user interface integrating PDAs and phones. The mail purpose of this study is to achieve the most efficient user accessibility to WAP menu through intensive focus on developing WIPI WAP menu having most effective usability for the users in their twenties and thirties. The result of this study can also be used as the base research materials for WAP service development, VM browser development and PDA browser development. The result of this study along with the evaluation model is expected to provide effective analysis materials on the subject of user interface to the developers of the wireless Internet user devices, GUI designers and service planners while short listing key factors to consider in developing smart phones therefore serving as the GUI guideline of WIPI phones.

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The Differences of Consumer Perception toward the Components of Apparel Store (의류점포 구성요인에 대한 소비자 지각의 차이)

  • 김관일;김미영
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.1-21
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    • 2001
  • This study introduced the components of apparel store, which include product and service factor to reflect the modified conception of service. The purposes of this study were to investigate the dimensions of the components of apparel store and to examine consumers' rating of importance on the components of apparel store. In addition, this study explored the effect of clothing involvement and demographic variables on importance perception. Data were collected via a questionnaire from young adult females in their twenties. The results of this study revealed five dimensions of service factor: environmental service, salesperson service, attitude and policy service related to exchange and refund, policy service related to promotion, and policy service related to convenience. Factors related to product were identified price, quality, variety, fashion, design and brand. Attitude and policy service related to exchange and refund is the most important factor that consumer perceived. Salesperson service and product quality were the second important factors. The relatively important factor in each service dimension was this : display in the environmental service, the ability of salesperson to resolve customer's complaints in the salesperson service, sales person’s courtesy in managing exchange or refund in policy service. Clothing involvement and demographic variables do affect consumers’perception on importance.

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Analysis of Bovine Interferon-tau Gene subtypes Expression in the Trophoblast and Non-trophoblast cells

  • Kim, Min-Su;Lim, Hyun-Joo;Lee, Ji Hwan;Park, Soo Bong;Won, Jeong-Il;Kim, Hyun Jong
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.195-203
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    • 2018
  • Interferon-tau (IFNT) is known as a major conceptus protein that signals the process of maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants. Also, multiple interferon genes exist in cattle, However, molecular mechanisms of these bovine IFNT (bIFNT) genes whose expressions are limited have not been characterized. We and others have observed that expression levels of bovine subtype IFNT genes in the tissues of ruminants; thus, bIFNT1 and other new type I (bIFNTc1/c2/c3) gene co-exist during the early stages of conceptus development and non-trophoblast cells. Its genes transcription could be regulated through CDX2 and ETS2 and JUN and/or cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CREBBP) expression, a transcription factor implicated in the control of cell differentiation in the trophectoderm. Bovine ear-derived fibroblast cells, were co-transfected with luciferase reporter constructs carrying upstream (positions -1000 to +51) regions of bIFNT1 and other new type I gene and various transcription factor expression plasmids. Compared to each - 1kb-bIFNT1/c1/c2/c3-Luc increased when this constructs were co-transfected with CDX2, ETS2, JUN and/or CREBBP. Also, Its genes was had very effect on activity by CDX2, either alone or with the other transcription factors, markedly increased luciferase activity. However, the degree of transcriptional activation of the bIFNTc1 gene was not similar to that bIFNT1/c2/c3 gene by expression plasmid. Furthermore, Sequence analyses also revealed that the expression levels of bIFNT1/c2/c3 gene mRNAs expression were highest on day 17, 20 and 22 trophoblast and, Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), Bovine ear-derived fibroblast (EF), and endometrium (Endo) non-trophoblast cells. But, bIFNTc1 mRNA had not same expression level, bIFNTc1 lowest levels than those of IFNT1/c2/c3 gene in both trophoblast and non-trophoblast cells. These results demonstrate that bovine subtype bIFNT genes display differential, in the trophoblast and non-trophoblast cells.

For Accuracy Improvement of High-tech Factory Construction Costs Predictions, Derivation of Correction Factors by Factory Capacity (하이테크 공장 건설 사업비 예측 정확도 향상을 위한 공장 생산량 기반 세부 공사별 보정계수 도출)

  • Choi, Seong Hoon;Kim, Jinchul;Oh, Jae Young;Kwon, Soonwook
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.21 no.11
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    • pp.203-212
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    • 2021
  • The high-tech industry, a highly knowledge-intensive industry based on advanced technologies such as electronics, new materials, and IT, is developing rapidly centering on the semiconductor, display, and battery fields. The market size of this industry is continuously increasing, and various challenges are coming forward due to various factors such as changes in the market, changes in demand, and the requirements of the clients. Many strategies are being implemented to advance the start-up time of factories, such as fast-track construction and basic line construction. Therefore, construction of high-tech factory is required to respond to various types of construction plans and early decision making, and an accurate and reliable method of calculating construction costs is needed. In this study the existing construction type was classified into the overall line configuration considering the total production of the factory, and a basic line configuration for quick production start-up. The correction ratio/value for each detailed construction required to calculate the construction cost of the basic line configuration type was derived. Finally, reliability and accuracy were verified by applying the correction ratio suggested in this study to a new high-tech factory construction project.

Why Genuine Luxury Brands Are Consumed? Counterfeits? Examining Consumer Identification

  • Suh, Hyunsuk
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.69-102
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    • 2012
  • Owing to increased number of luxury brand users, both genuine and counterfeit luxury product consumption continues to increase every year. Luxury brand is defined as use or display of a particular branded products which brings the ownership prestige apart from its functional utility(Grossmand and Shapiro 1988). Some luxury brands have imitations sold in marketplace due to their popularity. These imitations or counterfeits have been jumping on the bandwagon of the upturn in sales of their originals. The purpose of our study is to understand consumer's underlying motives to consume luxury brands, genuine and or counterfeits. To do this, we propose functional theories of attitudes, decision-making styles, and life attitudes to form the determining causes for different consumption choices of luxury brands: genuine brands, counterfeit brands, both genuine and counterfeit brands, and no consumption on luxury brands types. In proposed causal pathways, we examine moderated effects of socio-psychological factors to further investigate if consumer profiles would exert influences in causal relationships. From the existing theories of functional attitudes: value-expressive and social-adjustive attitudes, we developed and introduced a new measure of rationality-consumptive attitude. From the existing eight decision-making characteristics of consumer styles inventory(CSI), three measures of high-quality, hedonic-shopping, and price-shopping styles were primarily applied in the study along with newly introduced measure of 'high-price' being added, which makes four total. Seven life attitude measures of life purpose, life control, will to meaning, goal seeking, future mean to fulfill, life satisfaction, and religiosity were applied. Finally, such socio-psychological measures as age, gender, marital status, income, and age-gap between couples were assumed to function as moderators. With 430 valid study samples, ages from 20s to 50s, with more females(316) than males(114), with average personal possessions of 5 genuine and 9 counterfeit luxury brands, we conducted questionnaire survey. Results indicated that social-adjustive function is totally disappeared in the relationship due to current social trend of widespread consumptions on both genuine and counterfeit brands which in turn, make consumers feel less special on wearing or carrying them unlike in the past. Self-expressive function and rationality-consumptive functions act as strong catalysts for genuine brand consumption and counterfeit brand consumption, respectively. On consumers' decision-making styles, high-price sublation is the most powerful indicator anticipating counterfeit consumption, even more powerful than personal incomes. In life attitude, the overall model fit was not validated, and only life control and life satisfaction are proven to be significant on both genuine and counterfeit product consumptions. Employment of socio-psychological factors in the model improved understanding of users further. Young consumers tend to go for genuine products over counterfeits. Consumers in different income groups; low, medium and high, all significantly consume genuine products for reasons of different decision-making styles. The results indicated that consumers whose personal disposition is predisposed to consume products in the form of reflection of his or her personality, go only for genuine brands for quality reason, while consumers who rationally consume products for its function or usability, go only for counterfeits for high-price sublation reason. Meanwhile, both product users support for high-price orientation who are not well off.

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Improvement of GOCI-II Ground System for Monitoring of Level-1 Data Quality (천리안 해양위성 2호 Level-1 영상의 품질관리를 위한 지상국 시스템 개선)

  • Sun-Ju Lee;Kum-Hui Oh;Gm-Sil Kang;Woo-Chang Choi;Jong-Kuk Choi;Jae-Hyun Ahn
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.39 no.6_2
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    • pp.1529-1539
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    • 2023
  • The data from Geostationary Ocean Color Imager-II (GOCI-II), which observes the color of the sea to monitor marine environments, undergoes various correction processes in the ground station system, producing data from Raw to Level-2 (L2). Quality issues arising at each processing stage accumulate step by step, leading to an amplification of errors in the satellite data. To address this, improvements were made to the GOCI-II ground station system to measure potential optical quality and geolocation accuracy errors in the Level-1A/B (L1A/B) data. A newly established Radiometric and Geometric Performance Assessment Module (RGPAM) now measures five optical quality factors and four geolocation accuracy factors in near real-time. Testing with GOCI-II data has shown that RGPAM's functions, including data processing, display and download of measurement results, work well. The performance metrics obtained through RGPAM are expected to serve as foundational data for real-time radiometric correction model enhancements, assessment of L1 data quality consistency, and the development of reprocessing strategies to address identified issues related to the GOCI-II detector's sensitivity degradation.

Beginning Science Teachers' Teaching Practice in Relation to Arranging Science Content and Sense-Making Strategy (초임 중등 과학 교사의 수업에서 과학 내용의 전개 방식과 내용 이해 전략)

  • Ahn, Yu-Min;Kim, Chan-Jong;Choe, Seung-Um
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.691-702
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    • 2006
  • The purposes of the study are to portray Korean beginning secondary science teachers' ways of arranging science content, sense-making strategy, and factors contributing to the tensions between teachers' intentions and actual practice. Six beginning secondary science teachers participated in this study. Science classes taught by the participating teachers were observed and videotaped. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for science teachers participated in this study after science classes were observed. Instructional materials were also collected for each science class. Video- and audio-taped data were transcribed and analyzed using conceptual framework developed by the Michigan State University. The findings of this study produce the following conclusions: (1) beginning teachers' science classes are arranged in ways compatible to traditional school science, (2) frequently used sense-making strategies are procedural display and narrative reasoning, (3) tensions between beginning teachers' intentions and practice arise from two factors such as assessment and differences in educational views with peer teachers, and (4) learning experiences, lack of perceptions and preparations on reform science teaching, and the absence of systematic program for professional development programs for beginning science teachers are major obstacles to reform science teaching for beginning teachers.

The Effect of Traditional Market Attributes and Service Quality on Visiting Intention: Focusing on Hygiene Factor Moderating Effect (전통시장 속성 및 서비스품질이 방문의도에 미치는 영향: 위생요인조절효과를 중심으로)

  • Jeon, Gye Hwa;Ha, Kyu Soo
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.29-39
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    • 2018
  • Recently, In traditional markets, visitors are declining. The reason is the growth of large stores and Internet shopping malls. The government continues to support and policy to revitalize traditional markets. Government support has been focused on the selective attributes of traditional markets. However, the purchase intention of users in traditional markets is lowered. The reason is that it is in the hygiene of the traditional market. This study analyzed whether the optional attributes of traditional markets and service quality increase the intention of visit, In addition, the users of the traditional market analyzed the hygiene factor as an important factor in the intention of the visit. The results of the analysis is First, convenience, accessibility, transparency, attractiveness, and economic feasibility of selective attributes of traditional markets were analyzed to affect the intention to visit. Second, the merchant efficiency, the display efficiency, the product efficiency, and the transaction efficiency of the service quality of the traditional market influence on the visit intention. However, facility efficiency was not found to have any effect. Third, merchant hygiene factors, facility hygiene factors, and commodity hygiene factors were found to affect the intention to visit. These traditional market hygiene factors were analyzed to control the intention to visit. Therefore, it can be said that the hygiene factor of the traditional market plays a role in raising the intention of visiting the traditional market in activating the traditional market. The conclusion is that merchants and support groups should be prioritized in order to revitalize traditional markets. The importance of environmental hygiene is introduced and implications for research results are suggested.

The Relationship between Delinquency of School Adolescents and Career Maturity - Focusing on vocational high schools - (학교청소년의 비행과 진로성숙도와의 관계 -전문계 고교를 중심으로-)

  • Lee, Ssang-Jun;Kang, Hye-Young
    • 대한공업교육학회지
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.21-41
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    • 2012
  • The objective of this study was to examine the relation between delinquency and career maturity in school adolescents and to determine whether activities for enhancing career maturity can have protective effects against juvenile delinquencies. Research questions for this study are: first, how serious school adolescents' delinquencies are; and second, what relation there is between delinquency and career maturity in school adolescents. Third, how different is school adolescents' career maturity according to their experience in delinquencies? The results of this study were as follows. First, 55.8% of the school adolescents committed one or more of the 14 types of delinquent acts included in the delinquency inventory during the last one year, and the percentage was higher among male students than among female ones. Second, no correlation was observed between the school adolescents' overall delinquency level and overall career maturity. According to the sub-factors of career maturity, however, the overall delinquency level was in a negative correlation with objectiveness and a positive correlation with independence/decisiveness. That is, objectiveness was higher in the group without experiences in delinquencies than in the group with such experiences. and Type II status offenses (truancy, runaway) was in a negative correlation with overall career maturity, and in a negative correlation with objectiveness and confidence. Third, no significant difference was observed in career maturity between those with experience in delinquencies and those without. Among the sub-factors of career maturity, however, objectiveness was higher in those without experience in delinquencies than in those with. and Overall career maturity, and objectiveness and confidence among the sub-factors of career maturity were significantly higher in those without experience in Type II (truancy, runaway) status offenses than those with. The results of this study suggest that the objectiveness of career maturity can be a protective factor against juvenile delinquency. Furthermore, they suggest that activities for enhancing career maturity may protect adolescents from Type II status offenses. These results may provide basic materials necessary to develop career counseling approaches and interventions strategies for preventing school adolescents' delinquencies.