• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.506-521
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• 2007

Statement of problem: The cumulative success rate of wide implant is still controversial. Some previous reports have shown high success rate, and some other reports shown high failure rate. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze, and compare the biomechanics in wide implant system embeded in different width of crestal bone under different occlusal forces by finite element approach. Material and methods: Three-dimensional finite element models were created based on tracing of CT image of second premolar section of mandible with one implant embedded. One standard model (6mm-crestal bone width, 4.0mm implant diameter central position) was created. Varied crestal dimension(4, 6, 8 mm), different diameter of implants(3.3, 4.0, 5.5, 6.0mm), and buccal position implant models were generated. A 100-N vertical(L1) and 30 degree oblique load from lingual(L2) and buccal(L3) direction were applied to the occlusal surface of the crown. The analysis was performed for each load by means of the ANSYS V.9.0 program. Conclusion: 1. In all cases, maximum equivalent stress that applied $30^{\circ}$ oblique load around the alveolar bone crest was larger than that of the vertical load. Especially the equivalent stress that loaded obliquely in buccal side was larger. 2. In study of implant fixture diameter, stress around alveolar bone was decreased with the increase of implant diameter. In the vertical load, as the diameter of implant increased the equivalent stress decreased, but equivalent stress increased in case of the wide implant that have a little cortical bone in the buccal side. In the lateral oblique loading condition, the diameter of implant increased the equivalent stress decreased, but in the buccal oblique load, there was not significant difference between the 5.5mm and 6.0mm as the wide diameter implant. 3. In study of alveolar bone width, equivalent stress was decreased with the increase of alveolar bone width. In the vertical and oblique loading condition, the width of alveolar bone increased 6.0mm the equivalent stress decreased. But in the oblique loading condition, there was not a difference equivalent stress at more than 6.0mm of alveolar bone width. 4. In study of insertion position of implant fixture, even though the insertion position of implant fixture move there was not a difference equivalent stress, but in the case of little cortical bone in the buccal side, value of the equivalent stress was most unfavorable. 5. In all cases, it showed high stress around the top of fixture that contact cortical bone, but there was not a portion on the bottom of fixture that concentrate highly stress and play the role of stress dispersion. These results demonstrated that obtaining the more contact from the bucco-lingual cortical bone by installing wide diameter implant plays an important role in biomechanics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.596-604
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• 1996

This study was carried out to offer the successive method of cultivation and increase the productivity of mushroom yield with good quality through the elevation of rate of spawn development for Lentinus edodes. Studied about the analysis of current management of actural cultivation, a base of these, researched and presented for the upward method of productivity through an experiment of the high rate of spawn development and cultivation, putting first cultural environment. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. As the result of the analysis of current management in actural cultivation, many cultivators had a tendency to neglect managements of cultivation. These were reason for the deficiency of labour, funds and the lack of knowledge of cultivation, etc. 2. Water contents in bed logs according to the date of inoculation was shown as the decreasing order of 28.63%(3/12), 25.20%(3/25) and 23.19%(4/10). For the purpose of the maintenance of the water contents, the full-development of mycelium in bed logs and the dispersion of labour, the date of inoculation should be started in the early March. 3. The difference of the rate of spawn development among species was not shown, 100%(Mori 465). 98.98%(Mori 3046) on the spawn in high temperature and 98.97%(Mori 290) on the spawn in low temperature. The relative rate of spawn development was 97.70%(Mori 465), 82.45%(Mori 3046) on the spawn in high temperature and 88.87%(Mori 290) on the spawn in low temperature, it showed the difference. The spawn should be selected carefully in the future, as the spawn of cultivater's preference showed the difference for the development of mycelium. 4. The rate of spawn development following the date of inoculation was 100.0%(3/12), 98.98%(3/25) and 96.79%(4/10) on the spawn in high temperature and 99.09%(3/12), 98.97%(3/25) and 97.89% (4/10) in low temperature, it showed little difference. And the relative rate of spawn development was 97.70%(3/12), 82.45%(3/25) and 81.42%(4/10) on the spawn in high temperature and 93.27%(3/12), 89.67%(3/25) and 88.87%(4/10) that in low temperature, As the result of the relative rate, the time of inoculation of spawn should begin in the early March. 5. The height of stock logs on temporary placing should be less than 60cm at most on the surface, because of the low rate of water contents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.113-122
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• 2013

In this study, the traditional structure of the impact on the stability analysis. Korean traditional landscape architecture column space of stonework stable composition as the foundation of the fence for a long time been known to fall down and not maintained. The destination of research Ohgokmun Damyang Soswaewon fence which is in harmony with nature is one of the traditional structures that affect its shape without being kept so far came true. This includes our ancestral wisdom and that wisdom can guess guesswork. But I let the traditional reproduction incidence structures frequently. This deviation from the traditional method of construction application of shorthand stand. Thus, the subject of this study, the factors that do not fall down fences Ohgokmun solution is to indirectly gain the weak. In addition, epidemiological studies and the methods of calculation of the inferred physical examination, the results of the analysis were derived through the following. First, the internal factors of the fence Ohgokmun constituting the structural member and the coupling of the scheme. 1) based on stable ground. Greater role in the country rock The fact that the settlement will have no symptoms. 2) to minimize the friction caused by hydrological water to remove the two-pronged process through stone work building form and menu sustaining power in hydrology and flooding made against the bypass channel. 3) due to the load bearing capacity and durability to withstand the strength of the material and the construction of structures in the form of a dispersion of power between each individual to maximize the process of getting traction was applied. Second, external factors Ohgokmun fence the results obtained through the calculation of the dynamics of repair, is greatly affected by the wind and the water gate of the fence, but the action of the structural stability of the lack of power that hurt enough conclusion. In this study, the results of the structure of internal and external influence as well through the structure can be viewed as composed consisting. However, over the next follow-up in terms of climate and environmental factors due to the fact that the fall might.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.71-84
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• 2013

Log data, which record the multitude of information created when operating computer systems, are utilized in many processes, from carrying out computer system inspection and process optimization to providing customized user optimization. In this paper, we propose a MongoDB-based unstructured log processing system in a cloud environment for processing the massive amount of log data of banks. Most of the log data generated during banking operations come from handling a client's business. Therefore, in order to gather, store, categorize, and analyze the log data generated while processing the client's business, a separate log data processing system needs to be established. However, the realization of flexible storage expansion functions for processing a massive amount of unstructured log data and executing a considerable number of functions to categorize and analyze the stored unstructured log data is difficult in existing computer environments. Thus, in this study, we use cloud computing technology to realize a cloud-based log data processing system for processing unstructured log data that are difficult to process using the existing computing infrastructure's analysis tools and management system. The proposed system uses the IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) cloud environment to provide a flexible expansion of computing resources and includes the ability to flexibly expand resources such as storage space and memory under conditions such as extended storage or rapid increase in log data. Moreover, to overcome the processing limits of the existing analysis tool when a real-time analysis of the aggregated unstructured log data is required, the proposed system includes a Hadoop-based analysis module for quick and reliable parallel-distributed processing of the massive amount of log data. Furthermore, because the HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) stores data by generating copies of the block units of the aggregated log data, the proposed system offers automatic restore functions for the system to continually operate after it recovers from a malfunction. Finally, by establishing a distributed database using the NoSQL-based Mongo DB, the proposed system provides methods of effectively processing unstructured log data. Relational databases such as the MySQL databases have complex schemas that are inappropriate for processing unstructured log data. Further, strict schemas like those of relational databases cannot expand nodes in the case wherein the stored data are distributed to various nodes when the amount of data rapidly increases. NoSQL does not provide the complex computations that relational databases may provide but can easily expand the database through node dispersion when the amount of data increases rapidly; it is a non-relational database with an appropriate structure for processing unstructured data. The data models of the NoSQL are usually classified as Key-Value, column-oriented, and document-oriented types. Of these, the representative document-oriented data model, MongoDB, which has a free schema structure, is used in the proposed system. MongoDB is introduced to the proposed system because it makes it easy to process unstructured log data through a flexible schema structure, facilitates flexible node expansion when the amount of data is rapidly increasing, and provides an Auto-Sharding function that automatically expands storage. The proposed system is composed of a log collector module, a log graph generator module, a MongoDB module, a Hadoop-based analysis module, and a MySQL module. When the log data generated over the entire client business process of each bank are sent to the cloud server, the log collector module collects and classifies data according to the type of log data and distributes it to the MongoDB module and the MySQL module. The log graph generator module generates the results of the log analysis of the MongoDB module, Hadoop-based analysis module, and the MySQL module per analysis time and type of the aggregated log data, and provides them to the user through a web interface. Log data that require a real-time log data analysis are stored in the MySQL module and provided real-time by the log graph generator module. The aggregated log data per unit time are stored in the MongoDB module and plotted in a graph according to the user's various analysis conditions. The aggregated log data in the MongoDB module are parallel-distributed and processed by the Hadoop-based analysis module. A comparative evaluation is carried out against a log data processing system that uses only MySQL for inserting log data and estimating query performance; this evaluation proves the proposed system's superiority. Moreover, an optimal chunk size is confirmed through the log data insert performance evaluation of MongoDB for various chunk sizes.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.257-266
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological reaction to the image of the worship space in the church buildings and to quantify its contribution of the stimulation elements causing such reaction, and finally to suggest basic data for realizing emotional worship space of the church architecture. For this, 143 christians were surveyed to analyze the relationship between 23 emotional expressions extracted from the worship space and 32 images of the worship space. The combined data was described with the two dimensional dispersion using the quantification theory III. The analysis found out that 'simplicity-complexity' of the image consisted of the horizontal axis (the x-axis) and 'creativity' of the image the vertical axis(the y-axis). In addition, to extract the causal relationship between the value of emotional reaction and its stimulation elements quantitatively, the author indicated 4 emotional word groups such as simple, sublime for x-axis and typical creative for y-axis based on its similarity by the cluster analysis, The quantification theory I was also used with total value of equivalent emotional words as the standard variance and the emotional stimulation elements of the worship space as the independent variance. 9 specific examples of the emotional stimulation elements were selected including colors and shapes of the wall and the ceiling, shapes and finish of the floor materials, window shapes, and the use of the symbolic elements. Furthermore, 31 subcategories were also chosen to analyse their contribution on the emotional reaction. As a result, the color and finish of the wall found to be the most effective element on the subjects' emotional reaction, while the symbolic elements and the color of the wall found to be the least effective. It is estimated that the present study would be helpful to increase the emotional satisfaction of the users and to approach a spatial design through satisfying the types and purposes of the space.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.15 no.2 s.42
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• pp.169-184
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• 2005

Unagsan and Sogrisan granites are widely distributed in the northern Gyeonggi massif and middle Ogcheon belt, respectively, and they show different petrologic characteristics as follows. The former has compact textures and light grey colors, and the latter has spotted miarolitic textures and pink colors. Most of the samples selected for tests are fresh and coarse-grained. And bored core samples were prepared so that they are vertical to the rift plane. The results of modal analysis show that Unagsan granite has significantly higher quartz and plagioclase contents (Qz+Pl) than Sogrisan granite. In contrast, alkali feldspar content (Af) of Sogrisan granite is much higher than that of Unagsan granite. Therefore, it is believed that the light grey colors of Unagsan granite are due to relatively high Qz+Pl, and the pink colors of Sogrisan granite are caused by higher Af. Fractures in Sogrisan granite have strongly perpendicular strike patterns and more dip values close to vertical compared with the fractures in Unagsan granite. Results of the fracture pattern analysis suggest that the Sogrisan granite has better potential to produce dimension stones than the Unagsan granite. However, miarolitic textures often found in the Sogrisan granite may be one of the factors reducing the granite quality. The Unagsan and Sogrisan granites have similar specific gravity values of 2.60 and 2.57, respectively. Absorption ratios and porosity values of Sogrisan granite are higher than those of Unagsan granite, and they shows linearly positive correlations. Compressive and tensile strengths of the Unagsan granite are generally higher than those of Sogrisan granite. These differences and variation trends found in physical properties of Unagsan and Sogrisan granite can be explained by the differences in the textures of Unagsan and Sogrisan granites, namely compact and miarolitic textures respectively. For Unagsan granite, compressive and tensile strengths are negatively correlated with porosity but for Sogrisan granite no specific correlations are found. This is probably due to the irregular dispersion patterns of miarolitic textures formed during the later stages of magmatic processes. Contrary to the trends found in absorption ratios, both granites have similar values of abrasive hardness, which can be explained by higher Qz+Af of the Sogrisan granite than those of the Unagsan granite and that quartz and alkali feldspar have relatively larger hardness values. For Sogrisan granite, compressive strength shows slightly positive correlations with Qz+Af+Pl and negative correlations with biotite and accessory mineral contents (Bt+Ac).

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study is to provide reference to functional level of sensory integration of in the low-grads school age, based on the Clinical Observation of Motor and Postural Skills (COMPS) and to examine correlation between the function of sensory integration and academic achievement. Method : Two schools ("J" and "S") have been selected indiscriminately among 56 elementary schools located in Gimhae-si, GyeongNam and then one class from each school was voluntarily chosen among all second-grade classes of the schools. The total number of students in those two classes was 69 (34 boys and 35 girls). Subjects had no developmental problem and no history of referral regarding neurological conditions. Three skilled researchers administrated the COMPS together, and each researcher executed two sub-items of the COMPS. As result of the academic achievement, score data of midterm- and final-exam in the spring semester were collected. The scores of 'Korean language' and 'Math', common examination subjects in both schools, were utilized for data analysis in this study. Results : Statically, there was no significant correlation between the COMPS Weighted Scores and any academic achievements. In a dispersion graphic analysis, however, the total achievement showed significant negative-correlation with the area of 'Rapid Forearm Rotation' and significant positive-correlation with the area of 'Supine Flexion'. In terms of the Math achievement, there are significant negative-correlation with rapid forearm rotation and asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, and significant positive-correlation with the area of 'Supine Flexion'. Students with higher score of the Korean language showed a tendency to get higher Weighted Score and Minus Adjustment Score, and those with lower score of the Math showed a tendency to get higher COMPS scores in all area except the area of 'Supine Flexion'. There was a statically significant difference in the COMPS scores depend on the age among general characteristics. As student older, all COMPS scores, except those in the area of 'Slow Motion' and 'Supine Flexion, were higher. Conclusions : There is somehow reliable correlation between sensory integration function and academic achievement although no statistical significance found in this study. The information from this study may contribute to initiate developing a normative-reference to screen earlier and more alertly sensory integration dysfunctions for school-age children. Further study is recommended trying to find out more reliable matter regarding low grade- schooler's academic achievement.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.43
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• pp.47-75
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• 2016

This study has analyzed the history of the subcontract animation in Korea that began with Golden Bat of TBC Animation Division in 1966 to 1980s and shed the light on the history of subcontract animation that has been processed over 30 years in Korean animation. For this purpose, through the outlined status of subcontract animation, such as, production company, production status, scale of industry and so forth, the status of the OEM industry then has been checked and it links the solidified background of animation into subcontract production industry with the situation in time for analysis. In addition, on the basis of the foregoing, it is intended to broaden the horizon of the history of animation through the analysis on new search for facilitating the creative animation by overcoming the issues and limits generated by the subcontract animation industry. 1970s was the time that the national objective is to advance heavy-chemical industry and export-led economic growth. From the late 1970s, the animation has been spot lighted as the main-stream export industry through the overseas subcontract orders for animation. Expansion of the subcontract animation production has been influenced from the national policies on public culture, dispersion of color TV, facilitation of video production market and other media changes of the time that led the decline of animation audiences in theaters, and another cause would be in lack of platform of broadcasting companies that avoided the independent animation production for its economic theory. The subcontract animation industry may have the positive evaluation in the aspect of expanding the animation environment, such as, structuring of animation infra, development of new human resources and etc. However, the technology-incentive 'production'-oriented advancement has created distorted structure in advancing the professional human resources due to the absence of 'pre-production' of planning and others as well as the insufficient perception on 'post production (post work)', and it was unable to formulate domestic market by re-investing the capital accumulated for OEM industry into the production of creative animation and it has been assessed as negative aspect. Animation is a cultural and spiritual product of a country. Therefore, the systematic support policy for the facilitation of the creative animation, such as, development of professional human resources, creation of outstanding work, formation of market to make the pre-circulation structure and so forth has to be sought. However, animation is an industry, but there is no perception that it is a cultural industry based on the creativeness, not hardware-oriented manufacturing business. Such a lack of recognition, there was no policies to make the market and facilitate the creative animation by the animation of Korea for this period through the long-term plan and investment for independent work production. Such an attempt is newly begun through diverse searches for protection and advancement of creative animation in Korea after 1990s.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.132-142
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• 2009

The Tamar rift valley runs through the City of Launceston, Tasmania. Damage has occurred to city buildings due to earthquake activity in Bass Strait. The presence of the ancient valley, the Tamar valley, in-filled with soft sediments that vary rapidly in thickness from 0 to 250mover a few hundreds metres, is thought to induce a 2D resonance pattern, amplifying the surface motions over the valley and in Launceston. Spatially averaged coherency (SPAC), frequency-wavenumber (FK) and horizontal to vertical spectrum ratio (HVSR) microtremor survey methods are combined to identify and characterise site effects over the Tamar valley. Passive seismic array measurements acquired at seven selected sites were analysed with SPAC to estimate shear wave velocity (slowness) depth profiles. SPAC was then combined with HVSR to improve the resolution of these profiles in the sediments to an approximate depth of 125 m. Results show that sediments thicknesses vary significantly throughout Launceston. The top layer is composed of as much as 20m of very soft Quaternary alluvial sediments with a velocity from 50 m/s to 125 m/s. Shear-wave velocities in the deeper Tertiary sediment fill of the Tamar valley, with thicknesses from 0 to 250m vary from 400 m/s to 750 m/s. Results obtained using SPAC are presented at two selected sites (GUN and KPK) that agree well with dispersion curves interpreted with FK analysis. FK interpretation is, however, limited to a narrower range of frequencies than SPAC and seems to overestimate the shear wave velocity at lower frequencies. Observed HVSR are also compared with the results obtained by SPAC, assuming a layered earth model, and provide additional constraints on the shear wave slowness profiles at these sites. The combined SPAC and HVSR analysis confirms the hypothesis of a layered geology at the GUN site and indicates the presence of a 2D resonance pattern across the Tamar valley at the KPK site.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.720-731
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• 2003

Statement of problem. The importance of fixture design and surface treatment. Purpose. The clinical success of dental in plants is affected by many factors such like as degree of osseointegration, the effective load dispersion for the prostheses, and a lot of attempts have been made to overcome the difficulties. In this study, efforts were made to find the possibility of clinical acceptance of the dental implants of newly designed surface and resorbable blast media surcace. Materials and methods. In this study, two groups of custom-made, screw-shaped implants were prepared. The first with the consisting of Branemark clone design and the other with the new design. These implants were divided into four groups according to the kinds of surface treatment. Four implants($AVANA^{(R)}$, Osstem, Busan, Korea)of each group were installed in twenty rabbits. Group A was consisted of Branemark done implant left as machined, Group B with Branemark clone implants with RBM(Resorbable blast media) surface, Group C with newly designed implants left as machined and Group D with newly designed implants with RBM surface. One of the twenty rabbits died from inflammation and the observation was made for six weeks. Specimens from four groups were observed using scanning electron microscopy with 40, 100, 1000 magnification power and microsurface structures were measured by white-light scanning interferometry for three dimensional surface roughness measurements(Accura $2000^{(R)}$, Intek-Plus, Korea.). Removal torque was measured in 17 rabbits using digital torque gauge(MGT 12R, Mark-10 corp., NY, U.S.A.) immediately after the sacrifice and two rabbits were used for the histologic preparation(EXAKT $310^{(R)}$, Heraeus Kulzer, wehrheim, Germany) of specimens and observed under light microscope. Resonance frequency measurement($Osstell^{(R)}$) was taken with the 19 rabbits at the beginning of the implant fixation and immediately after the sacrifice. Results. Following results were taken from the experiment. 1. The surface of the RBM implants as seen with SEM had rough and irregular pattern with reticular formation compared to that of fumed specimens showing different surface topographies. 2. The newly designed implant with RBM surface had high removal torque value among four groups with no statistical significance. The average removal torque was $49.95{\pm}6.70Ncm$ in Group A, $51.15{\pm}4.40Ncm$ in Group B, $50.78{\pm}9.37Ncm$ in Group C, $51.09{\pm}4.69Ncm$ in Group D. 3. The RFA values were $70.8{\pm}4.3Hz$ in Group A, $71.8{\pm}3.1Hz$ in Group B, $70.9{\pm}2.5Hz$, $72.7{\pm}2.5Hz$ in Group D. Higher values were noted in the groups which had surface treatment compared to the untreated groups with no statistical significance. 4. The results from the histomorphometric evaluation showed a mean percentage of bone-to-implant contact of $45{\pm}0.5%$ in Group A, $55{\pm}3%$ in Group B, $49.5{\pm}0.5%$ in Group C, and $55{\pm}3%$ in Group D. Quite amount of newly formed bone were observed at the surface RBM-treated implants in bone marrow space.