• 사회경제평론
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• 제38호
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• pp.51-83
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• 2012

다수의 상품이 생산되는 경제에서 스라파(Sraffa) 균형가격 조건과 균제성장 및 상품시장 균형 조건이 성립하는 경우를 생각하자. 이 모형에서 임금율 결정식과 투자함수를 동시에 부여하면 전체 경제는 과잉결정 되며 균형이 존재하지 않는다. 본 연구는 이 과잉결정 현상을 불균형 상태로 해석하고, 불균형상태에서 실현되는 임금율과 자본축적률이 각각의 동학식을 따라 결정되는 것으로 해석한다. 그리고 이 해석의 유효성을 주장하기 위하여 전체 경제에 대한 단순한 동학모형을 구축하고, 임금율과 자본축적률의 동학경로를 분석한다. 본 연구의 동학모형은 로카-볼테라 식체계의 구성조건을 만족하며, 따라서 전체 경제의 성장경로는 내생적으로 순환변동하는 경로를 따라 결정된다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1989

불균형경계량경제모형의 분석을 위하여는 부분조정모형 또는 교체회귀모형이 응용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 교체회귀모형이 표본분리 여부에 따라, 또 교체의 원인이 외생적인지 내생적인지에 따라 어떻게 구분될 수 있는지 보이고, 단일시장을 주 대상으로 하여 표본분리가 되는 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우로 나누어 각각의 추정방법과 그에 따른 문제점을 설명하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1672-1679
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• 2013

Linkage disequilibrium between markers or genetic variants underlying interesting traits affects many genomic methodologies. In many genomic methodologies, the effective population size ($N_e$) is important to assess the genetic diversity of animal populations. In this study, dairy cattle were genotyped using the Illumina BoviveHD Genotyping BeadChips for over 777,000 SNPs located across all autosomes, mitochondria and sex chromosomes, and 70,000 autosomal SNPs were selected randomly for the final analysis. We characterized more accurate linkage disequilibrium in a sample of 96 dairy cattle producing milk in Korea. Estimated linkage disequilibrium was relatively high between closely linked markers (>0.6 at 10 kb) and decreased with increasing distance. Using formulae that related the expected linkage disequilibrium to $N_e$, and assuming a constant actual population size, $N_e$ was estimated to be approximately 122 in this population. Historical $N_e$, calculated assuming linear population growth, was suggestive of a rapid increase $N_e$ over the past 10 generations, and increased slowly thereafter. Additionally, we corrected the genomic relationship structure per chromosome in calculating $r^2$ and estimated $N_e$. The observed $N_e$ based on $r^2$ corrected by genomics relationship structure can be rationalized using current knowledge of the history of the dairy cattle breeds producing milk in Korea.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2019

본 논문의 목적은 인터넷으로 연결된 시대에 청소년 소비자의 구매의사결정과정에서 무리행동에 따른 쏠림소비 현황을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 유행민감도, 상호작용, 부정확성이 어떻게 청소년의 쏠림소비에 영향을 미치는지와 더불어 쏠림소비와 소비행복 간의 관계를 조사할 수 있는 연구모형을 개발하였다. 본 연구를 위해 설문방법을 이용하였고, 분석을 위한 데이터는 142개의 데이터를 적용하였다. 그리고 자료의 분석은 구조방정식모형을 사용하였다. 실증분석결과는 첫째, 유행민감도와 상호작용이 쏠림소비에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 쏠림소비는 소비행복에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 청소년들의 소비행동에서 합리적인 선택을 설계할 때 무리행동의 중요성을 제시하였다는데 의의가 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.381-383
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• 2001

Neurological symptoms may develope when the blood urea nitrogen is lowered too rapidly by hemodialysis. It is known that these symptoms, known as dialysis disequilibrium are associated with cerebral edema. However, the pathogenesis of brain swelling and neurological deterioration after rapid hemodialysis is controversial. The reverse urea hypothesis suggests that hemodialysis removes urea more slowly from the brain than from the plasma, creating an osmotic gradient that results in cerebral edema. The idiogenic osmole hypothesis proposes that an osmotic gradient between brain and plasma develops during rapid dialysis because of newly formed brain osmoles. Authors report a such case and discuss the possible mechanism and preventive methods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.926-935
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• 2015

The efficiency of genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) depends on power of detection for quantitative trait loci (QTL) and precision for QTL mapping. In this study, three different strategies for GWAS were applied to detect QTL for carcass quality traits in the Korean cattle, Hanwoo; a linkage disequilibrium single locus regression method (LDRM), a combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis (LDLA) and a $BayesC{\pi}$ approach. The phenotypes of 486 steers were collected for weaning weight (WWT), yearling weight (YWT), carcass weight (CWT), backfat thickness (BFT), longissimus dorsi muscle area, and marbling score (Marb). Also the genotype data for the steers and their sires were scored with the Illumina bovine 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips. For the two former GWAS methods, threshold values were set at false discovery rate <0.01 on a chromosome-wide level, while a cut-off threshold value was set in the latter model, such that the top five windows, each of which comprised 10 adjacent SNPs, were chosen with significant variation for the phenotype. Four major additive QTL from these three methods had high concordance found in 64.1 to 64.9Mb for Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 7 for WWT, 24.3 to 25.4Mb for BTA14 for CWT, 0.5 to 1.5Mb for BTA6 for BFT and 26.3 to 33.4Mb for BTA29 for BFT. Several candidate genes (i.e. glutamate receptor, ionotropic, ampa 1 [GRIA1], family with sequence similarity 110, member B [FAM110B], and thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box [TOX]) may be identified close to these QTL. Our result suggests that the use of different linkage disequilibrium mapping approaches can provide more reliable chromosome regions to further pinpoint DNA makers or causative genes in these regions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to improve mapping power and resolution for the QTL influencing carcass quality in Hanwoo, which was previously detected on the bovine chromosome (BTA) 6. A sample of 427 steers were chosen, which were the progeny from 45 Korean proven sires in the Hanwoo Improvement Center, Seosan, Korea. The samples were genotyped with the set of 2,535 SNPs on BTA6 that were imbedded in the Illumina bovine 50 k chip. A linkage disequilibrium variance component mapping (LDVCM) method, which exploited both linkage between sires and their steers and population-wide linkage disequilibrium, was applied to detect QTL for four carcass quality traits. Fifteen QTL were detected at 0.1% comparison-wise level, for which five, three, five, and two QTL were associated with carcass weight (CWT), backfat thickness (BFT), longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA), and marbling score (Marb), respectively. The number of QTL was greater compared with our previous results, in which twelve QTL for carcass quality were detected on the BTA6 in the same population by applying other linkage disequilibrium mapping approaches. One QTL for LMA was detected on the distal region (110,285,672 to 110,633,096 bp) with the most significant evidence for linkage (p< $10^{-5}$). Another QTL that was detected on the proximal region (33,596,515 to 33,897,434 bp) was pleiotrophic, i.e. influencing CWT, BFT, and LMA. Our results suggest that the LDVCM is a good alternative method for QTL fine-mapping in detection and characterization of QTL.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

■Objectives This work reports the case of a patient complaining of disequilibrium due to proprioceptive disorder whose condition improved following Korean medicine treatment. ■Methods The patient was hospitalized for 15 days and treated with herbal medicine, mainly doinseunggi-tang-gami, and acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and moxibustion. Disequilibrium was clinically estimated using Korean dizziness handicap inventory(K-DHI) and the patient's subjective discomfort in this regard was also checked by numeral rating scale. The degree of improvement in blood stasis syndrome was evaluated using modified Blood Stasis Questionnaire II(modified BSQ-II) to assess the clinical effects of the treatment. ■Results After treatment, the K-DHI classification improved from severe to mild, and the patient's subjective discomfort was greatly improved from NRS 6 to NRS1. In addition, the degree of improvement in blood stasis syndrome improved from blood stasis group to blood stasis risk group compared to time of admission. ■Conclusion These results suggest that Korean medicine is effective in treating disequilibrium caused by proprioceptive disorder.

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 1995

On the basis of intertemporal utility maximization theory and stock-adjustment hypothesis, a multivariate stock-adjustment credit demand model, which included on- and cross-adjustment effects of credit and cross-adjustment effects of assets was developed. With weighted four-year panel data from 1983 and 1986 Surveys of Consumer Finances, the theoretical model was tested using two-stage estimation method for tobit model. The results supported the hypothesis that, in general, the household demand for a certain type of credit was related to the demand for other types of credit and asset components in the portfolio. The household demand for mortgage credit, installment credit and revolving credit card debt depended not only on the disequilibrium of itself but on the disequilibrium of the other types of credit and asset components in the portfolio. The household demand for non-installment credit was related not to the disequilibrium of itself and other types of credit but to the disequilibria of asset components in the portfolio.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

An alternative way of constructing ancestral graphs, which is different from the coalescent-based approach, is proposed using population linkage disequilibrium (LD) data. The main difference from the existing method is the construction of the ancestral graphs based on variants instead of individual sequences. Therefore, the key of the proposed method is to use the order of allele ages in the graphs. Distinct from the previous age-estimation methods, allele ages are estimated from full haplotype information by examining the number of generations from the initial complete LD to the current decayed state for each two variants depending on the direction of LD decay between variants. Using a simple algorithmic procedure, an ancestral graph can be derived from the expected allele ages and current LD decay status. This method is different in many ways from previous methods, and, with further improvement, it might be a good replacement for the current approaches.