• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the world seriously. Every person is required for wearing a mask properly in a public area to prevent spreading the virus. However, many people are not wearing a mask properly. In this paper, we propose an efficient mask detection system. In our proposed system, we first detect the faces of input images using YOLOv5 and classify them as the one of three scene complexity classes (Simple, Moderate, and Complex) based on the number of detected faces. After that, the image is fed into the Faster-RCNN with the one of three ResNet (ResNet-18, 50, and 101) as backbone network depending on the scene complexity for detecting the face area and identifying whether the person is wearing the mask properly or not. We evaluated our proposed system using public mask detection datasets. The results show that our proposed system outperforms other models.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2021

PURPOSE: Physical therapists are at risk of becoming infected because they are in contact with or within 2 meters of the patient while treating them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anxiety and depression of physical therapists during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to identify the factors that affect anxiety and depression. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the pandemic. The survey were completed by 84 physical therapists in 24 local hospitals in Gwangju, South Korea. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate their anxiety and depression status. Logistic regression models were used to identify the general characteristics factors related to anxiety or depression. RESULTS: It was found that 40 (47.6%) respondents had anxiety, and 37 (44%) had depression. If there was a child under the age of seven in the physical therapist's family, a high probability of anxiety (p < .05) prevailed. Physical therapists in their 30s had a higher risk of depression than those in their 40s (p < .05). The risk of anxiety and depression in physical therapists who were with patients who did not wear masks was higher than for those who were with patients who wore masks (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The anxiety and depression status of physical therapists in Gwangju, South Korea, during the pandemic of COVID-19 was poor. It is necessary to wear a mask for all people during physical therapy.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2021

Background and objective: Dermatitis is a chronic disease accompanied by such symptoms as itching and dry skin. The environment and diet can aggravate dermatitis, so attention to skin care is essential. Colocasia esculenta is used in various manners and for different purposes, including with regard to inflammation, aging, and the digestive system. The anti-inflammatory effect of Colocasia esculenta water extract was confirmed using RAW 264.7 macrophages with regard to male ICR mice. Methods: In the case of the ICR mice, 5% 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was used to cause inflammation for 7 days, and 100 μL of Colocasia esculenta water extract and panthenol were administered orally for 10 days. In addition, RT-PCR, NO, ELISA was conducted. Results: As a result of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), it was found that Colocasia esculenta water extract reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines. As a result of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining using mouse ear tissue, Colocasia esculenta water extract reduced ear thickness and showed an effect of suppressing ear edema. In addition, compared to the TPA-treated group, the Colocasia esculenta extract-treated group had reduced nitric oxide (NO) production by 18.23 μM and IL-13 production decreased by 136.55 pg/ml. Conclusion: Colocasia esculenta water extract has been shown to be effective in lowering inflammatory cytokine production. These results suggest that Colocasia esculenta water extracts can be used as natural products to treat dermatitis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.550-563
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• 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive and incurable cancer. Although understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HCC has greatly advanced, therapeutic options for the disease remain limited. In this study, we demonstrated that SETD5 expression is positively associated with poor prognosis of HCC and that SETD5 depletion decreased HCC cell proliferation and invasion while inducing cell death. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SETD5 loss downregulated the interferon-mediated inflammatory response in HCC cells. In addition, SETD5 depletion downregulated the expression of a critical glycolysis gene, PKM (pyruvate kinase M1/2), and decreased glycolysis activity in HCC cells. Finally, SETD5 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in xenograft mouse models. These results collectively suggest that SETD5 is involved in the tumorigenic features of HCC cells and that targeting SETD5 may suppress HCC progression.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2022

Purpose: To determine the prognostic role of muscle area and muscle radiation attenuation in the erector spinae (ES) and multifidus (MF) muscles in patients undergoing gastrectomy. Methods: Patients with stage I-III gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Clinicopathologic characteristics were collected and analyzed. Both paraspinal muscle index of ES/MF muscles (PMI_EM) and paraspinal muscle radiation attenuation in the same muscles (PMRA_EM) were analyzed at the 3rd lumbar level using axial computed tomographic images. Cox regression analysis was applied to estimate overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: There was only a weak correlation between PMI_EM and PMRA_EM (r= 0.28). Multivariate Cox regression revealed that PMRA_EM, but not PMI_EM, was an important determinant of survival. PMRA_EM along with age, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, perineural invasion, and serum albumin level were significant determinants of both OS and DFS that constituted Model 1. Harrell's concordance index and integrated area under receiver operating characteristic curve were greater for Model 1 than for Model 2 (consisting of the same covariates as Model 1 except PMRA_EM) or Model 3 (consisting of only TNM stage). Conclusion: PMRA_EM, but not PMIEM, was an important determinant of survival. Because there was only a weak correlation between PMI_EM and PMRA_EM in this study, it was presumed that they were mutually exclusive. Model 1 consisting of age, TNM stage, perineural invasion, serum albumin level, and PMRA_EM was greater than nested models (i.e., Model 2 or Model 3) in predicting survival outcomes.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.85-92
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• 2023

Deep learning applications are increasingly being leveraged for disease detection tasks in medical imaging modalities such as X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Most data-centric deep learning challenges necessitate the use of supervised learning methodologies to attain high accuracy and to facilitate performance evaluation through comparison with the ground truth. Supervised learning mandates a substantial amount of image and label sets, however, procuring an adequate volume of medical imaging data for training is a formidable task. Various data augmentation strategies can mitigate the underfitting issue inherent in supervised learning-based models that are trained on limited medical image and label sets. This research investigates the enhancement of a deep learning-based rib fracture segmentation model and the efficacy of data augmentation techniques such as left-right flipping, rotation, and scaling. Augmented dataset with L/R flipping and rotations(30°, 60°) increased model performance, however, dataset with rotation(90°) and ⨯0.5 rescaling decreased model performance. This indicates the usage of appropriate data augmentation methods depending on datasets and tasks.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2023

Liver fibrosis is caused by chronic liver damage and results in the aberrant accumulation of extracellular matrix during disease progression. Despite the identification of the HAT enzyme p300 as a major factor for liver fibrosis, the development of therapeutic agents targeting the regulation of p300 has not been reported. We validated a novel p300 inhibitor (A6) on the improvement of liver fibrosis using two mouse models, mice on a choline-deficient high-fat diet and thioacetamide-treated mice. We demonstrated that pathological hall-marks of liver fibrosis were significantly diminished by A6 treatment through Masson's trichrome and Sirius red staining on liver tissue and found that A6 treatment reduced the expression of matricellular protein genes. We further showed that A6 treatment improved liver fibrosis by reducing the stability of p300 protein via disruption of p300 binding to AKT. Our findings suggest that targeting p300 through the specific inhibitor A6 has potential as a major therapeutic avenue for treating liver fibrosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.20-32
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• 2022

Objectives: Kyungok-go (KOG) is a traditional multi-herbal medicine commonly used for enforcing weakened immunity for long time. Recently, there are several reports that KOG has anti-inflammatory and immuno-stimulatory activities in many experimental models. However, the protective effects of KOG on neuronal inflammation are still undiscovered. Thus, we investigated the neuro-protective activity of KOG on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse microglia cells. To find out KOG's anti-neuroinflammatory effects on microglial cells, we examined the production of nitrite using griess assay, and mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α using real time RT-PCR. In addition, to examine the regulating mechanisms of KOG, we investigated the protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Iκ-Bα by western blot. KOG inhibited the elevation of nitrite, iNOS and COX-2 on LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Also, KOG significantly inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Moreover, KOG inhibited the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), P38 and degradation of Iκ-Bα but not the activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. These results showed KOG has the anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition on nitrite, iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α via the deactivation of JNK, p38 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Thereby, KOG could offer the new and promising treatment for neurodegenerative disease related to neuroinflammation.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to identify the present level and needs of clinical dental hygienists and to present the Borich needs assessment and the locus for focus model as integrated priorities. Methods: The participants of this study were dental hygienists working in dental clinics (hospitals). The final data of the 194 participants were analyzed using frequency analysis and a paired sample t-test. To analyze the need for clinical dental hygienists to perform work, the Borich priority determination formula was used. The x-y plane consisting of four quadrants was used to analyze the need using the locus for focus model, which helps to determine the priority while showing visual effects. Results: "Scaling" was the highest required level for clinical dental hygienists, and "panorama taking" was the highest present level. The priorities of educational needs were systematically and visually derived from dental hygienists who were currently working through the Borich needs assessment and the locus for focus model for each task performed in the clinical field. Through the priorities of these two models, a total of 13 items appeared in the common high-level area; "oral health care (disability)," "oral health care (systemic disease)," "applying a rubber dam," "professional mechanical tooth cleaning," "root planing," "taking vital signs," "medication counseling," "wire cutting," "removing cement after removing band/bracket," "delivering bracket," "preparing mini-screw implantation," "dental insurance claim," and "patient reception." Conclusion: Based on the results, the department of dental hygiene should maintain and improve the standardized clinical practice curriculum and clinical dental hygienists' practical skills and contribute to the realization of the legal scope of dental hygienists, reflecting the requirements of clinical fields.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Vegetables such as cabbage are greatly affected by natural disasters, so price fluctuations increase due to disasters such as heavy rain and disease, which affects the farm economy. Various efforts have been made to predict the price of agricultural products to solve this problem, but it is difficult to predict extreme price prediction fluctuations. In this study, cabbage prices were analyzed using the ensemble Voting technique, a method of determining the final prediction results through various classifiers by combining a single classifier. In addition, the results were compared with LSTM, a time series analysis method, and XGBoost and RandomForest, a boosting technique. Daily data was used for price data, and weather information and price index that affect cabbage prices were used. As a result of the study, the RMSE value showing the difference between the actual value and the predicted value is about 236. It is expected that this study can be used to select other time series analysis research models such as predicting agricultural product prices