• Title/Summary/Keyword: Discharge tester

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Development of a Returnable Folding Plastic Box RFID Module for Agricultural Logistics using Energy Harvesting Technology (에너지 하베스팅 기술을 활용한 농산물 물류용 리턴어블 접이식 플라스틱 상자 RFID 모듈 개발)

  • Jong-Min Park;Hyun-Mo Jung
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.223-228
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    • 2023
  • Sustainable energy supplies without the recharging and replacement of the charge storage device have become increasingly important. Among various energy harvesters, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has attracted considerable attention due to its high instantaneous output power, broad selection of available materials, eco-friendly and inexpensive fabrication process, and various working modes customized for target applications. In this study, the amount of voltage and current generated was measured by applying the PSD profile random vibration test of the electronic vibration tester and ISTA 3A according to the time of Anodized Aluminum Oxide (AAO) pore widening of the manufactured TENG device Teflon and AAO. The discharge and charging tests of the integrated module during the random simulated transport environment and the recognition distance of RFID were measured while agricultural products (onion) were loaded into the returnable folding plastic box. As a result, it was found that AAO alumina etching processing time to maximize TENG performance was optimal at 31 min in terms of voltage and current generation, and the integrated module applied with the TENG module showed a charging effect even during the continuous use of RFID, so the voltage was kept constant without discharge. In addition, the RFID recognition distance of the integrated module was measured as a maximum of 1.4 m. Therefore, it was found that the surface condition of AAO, a TENG element, has a great influence on the power generation of the integrated module, and due to the characteristics of TENG, the power generation increases as the surface dries, so it is judged that the power generation can be increased if the surface drying treatment (ozone treatment, etc.) of AAO is applied in the future.

Characteristic Analysis of Lithium-ion Battery and Lead-acid Battery using Battery Simulator (배터리 시뮬레이터를 이용한 리튬이온 배터리와 납축전지 특성분석)

  • Yongho Yoon
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.127-132
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    • 2024
  • Recently, secondary batteries, commonly known as rechargeable batteries, find widespread applications across various industries. Particularly valued for their compact and lightweight characteristics, they play a crucial role in diverse portable electronic devices such as smartphones, laptops, and tablets, offering high energy density and efficient charge-discharge capabilities. Moreover, they serve as vital components in electric vehicles and contribute significantly to the field of renewable energy as part of Energy Storage Systems(ESS). However, despite advancements in this technology, issues such as reduced lifespan, cracking, damage, and even the risk of fire can arise due to excessive charging and discharging of secondary batteries. To address these challenges, Battery Management System(BMS) are employed to protect against overcharging and improve overall performance. Nevertheless, understanding the protective range settings of BMS using lithium-ion batteries, the most commonly used secondary batteries, and lead-acid batteries can be challenging. Therefore, this paper aims to utilize a battery charge-discharge tester and simulator to investigate the charging and discharging characteristics of lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries, addressing the associated challenges of reduced lifespan, cracking, damage, and fire hazards in secondary batteries.

Influence of Electrical Conductivity of Dielectric on Machinability of W-EDM (방전액의 전도율이 와이어방전가공성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Chang-Ho
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.322-328
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    • 2002
  • In wire-electrical discharge machining (W-EDM), the dielectric plays an important role as the working fluid. It affects the material removal rate and the properties of the machined surface. This paper deals with the effects of the electrical conductivity of dielectric and cobalt percentage of sintered carbides on the machining characteristics and the machined surface integrities with deionized water as dielectric. A series of experiments have been performed on sintered carbides having different cobalt contents. Experimental results show that a higher cobalt content of WC decreases the metal removal rate and worsens the surface quality. Lower electrical conductivity of the dielectric results in a higher metal removal rate as the gap between wire electrode and workpiece reduced. Especially, the surface integrities of rough-cut workpiece, wire electrode, and debris were analyzed also through scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and surface roughness tester. By energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS), it is confirmed that micro cracks and some of electrode material are found on the workpiece surface.

Characteristics of Ball End Milling and Rotary Die-sinking Electrical Discharge Machining for the Cutting Inclination Location (가공경사면 위치에 따른 볼엔드밀가공과 회전식 형조방전가공 특성)

  • 왕덕현;김원일;박성은;박창수
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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    • v.11 no.5
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    • pp.73-80
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    • 2002
  • In this study, work materials of the ree form surface shape was machined by ball end mill cutter according to the change of cutting location and depth, and the acquired data of cutting force, tool deflection and shape accuracy were analyzed. Cutting force results were obtained with tool dynamometer and tool deflection values were measured by a couple of eddy-current sensors. Shape accuracy was obtained by roundness tester and surface profile measuring machine. As inclination angle was decreased, cutting force was increased. Cutting force showed large value at $105^{\circ}$ and $150^{\circ}$. Tool deflection was less at down milling than at up milling, decreased at 45$^{\circ}$ and 120$^{\circ}$, and shown large tool deflection at $150^{\circ}$. Roughness values were found to be bad in the inside of surface shape tool deflection. Surface accuracy was obtained better precision in down milling than in up milling.

Electrical Conductivity of Dielectric on WEDM Characteristics (WEDM 가공특성에 대한 방전액의 전기전도율의 영향)

  • Kim, Chang-Ho;Yeo, Hong-Tae
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.27 no.10
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    • pp.1800-1808
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    • 2003
  • This work deals with the electrical conductivity of dielectric on output parameters such as metal removal rate and surface roughness value of a carbon steel(SM25C) and sintered carbides cut by wire-electrical discharge machining(W-EDM). Dielectric has several functions like insulation, ionization, cooling, the removal of waste metal particles. The presence of minute particles(gap debris) in spark gap contaminates and lowers the breakdown strength of dielectric. And it is considered that too much debris in spark gap is generally believed to be the cause of arcing. Experimental results show that increases of cobalt amount in carbides affects the metal removal rate and worsens the surface quality as a greater quantity of solidified metal deposits on the eroded surface. Lower electrical conductivity of the dielectric results in a lower metal removal rate because the gap between wire electrode and workpiece reduced. Especially, the surface characteristics of rough-cut workpiece and wire electrode were analyzed too. Debris were analyzed also through scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and surface roughness tester. Micro cracks and some of electrode material are found on the workpiece surface by energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS).

Effect of $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ coating layer on capacity retention of $LiMn_2O_4$ as cathode materials of lithium ion secondary batteries for HEV application (HEV용 리튬 이차전지 양극물질 $LiMn_2O_4$$Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ 코팅에 따른 영향)

  • Wai, Yin-Loo;Choi, Byung-Hyun;Jee, Mi-Jung;Lee, Dae-Jin;Shin, Jae-Su;Song, Kwang-Ho
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2007.11a
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    • pp.125-128
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    • 2007
  • In these recent years, low cost and stable battery electrode materials have been studied for HV/HEV application. Spinel cathode material $LiMn_2O_4$ is widely studied as a promising cathode material of lithium ion secondary batteries because of it is low cost, easily to be prepared and capable to be operated in high voltage range. In this study, $LiMn_2O_4$ was undergoing surface modification with spinel lithium titanium oxide by sol-gel method in order to enhance its capacity retention. Properties of both unmodified and surface-modified $LiMn_2O_4$ were characterized by XRD, SEM, particle size analyzer while their cycling performance was tested with charge and discharge tester.

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An Experimental Study on Enhancement of the Filter Efficiency by the Image Effect of Charged Particle (대전된 입자의 영상효과에 의한 필터효율 향상에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Lee, Chang-Sun;Jeong, Hae-Young;Kim, Sang-Soo
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.760-768
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    • 2000
  • Filter efficiency of electrically charged particle in uncharged fibrous filter was measured. In previous studies, the effect of charged particle on filter efficiency was investigated but there was difficulty in measuring of image effect that is appeared at the charged small particle. We could easily measure the image effect with charging small particles by photoelectric charging. The spark discharge aerosol generator and a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) were used to generate sub-micron monodisperse particles (${\leq}200$ nm). The generated particles were charged in photoelectric charging process using ultraviolet lamp and electric field. The filter efficiency of the charged particles, classified by another DMA, was measured in filter tester using a condensation nucleus counter (CNC) as function of particle diameter, particle charge and airflow velocity. It is shown that the filter efficiency increases with increasing charge number of the particle and is affected by particle size and flow velocity. Single fiber filter efficiency mainly depends on image force parameter and peclet number. The peclet number was not considered at previous other papers. We propose a modi fied experimental correlation as function of image force parameter and peclet number.

Machining Characteristics of WEDM due to Electrical Conductivity of Dielectric (방전액의 전도율의 변화에 따른 와이어방전가공의 가공특성)

  • Kim, Chang-Ho;Kang, Jae-Won
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2006
  • This work deals with the electrical conductivity of dielectric on output parameters such as metal removal rate and surface roughness value of a carbon steel(SM25C) and sintered carbides cut by wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). Dielectric has several functions like insulation, ionization, cooling, the removal of waste metal particles. The presence of minute metal particles(debris) in spark gap contaminates and lowers the breakdown strength of dielectric. And it is considered that too much debris in spark gap is generally believed to be the cause of arcing. Experimental results show that increases of cobalt amount in carbides affects the metal removal rate and worsens the surface quality as a greater quantity of solidified metal deposits on the eroded surface. Lower electrical conductivity of the dielectric results in a lower metal removal rate because the gap between wire electrode and workpiece reduced. Especially, the surface characteristics of rough-cut workpiece and wire electrode were analyzed too. Debris were analyzed also through scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and surface roughness tester. Micro cracks and some of electrode material are found on the workpiece surface by energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS).

Study on the Adhesion of Diamond Like Carbon Films Using the Linear Ion Source with Nitriding Layers (Linear Ion Source에 의해 증착된 Diamond-Like Carbon(DLC) 박막의 질화층 형성에 따른 밀착력 특성 연구)

  • Shin, Chang-Seouk;Park, Min-Seok;Kwon, Ah-Ram;Kim, Seung-Jin;Chung, Won-Sub
    • Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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    • v.44 no.5
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    • pp.190-195
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    • 2011
  • Diamond-like carbon (DLC) has many outstanding properties such as low friction, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance. However, it is difficult to achieve enough adhesion on the metal substrates because of weak bonding between DLC film and the metal substrate. The purpose of this study is to enhance an adhesion of DLC film. For improving adhesion, the substrate was treated by active screen plasma nitriding before DLC film deposing. Nitrided substrates were investigated by Glow Discharge Spectrometer (GDS), Micro-Vickers Hardness. DLC films were deposited on several metals by linear ion source, and characteristics of the films were investigated using nano-indentation, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The adhesion was measured by scratch tester. The adhesion of DLC films was increased when nitriding layer was formed before DLC deposition. Therefore, the adhesion of DLC film can be enhanced as increasing the hardness of materials.

Mechanical Properties of Nitrided STS 431 Martensitic Stainless Steel by the Active Screen Ion Nitriding (활성 스크린 이온질화 처리된 마르텐사이트계 스테인리스 431강의 기계적 특성)

  • Bang, Hyun-Bae;Jung, Uoo-Chang;Jung, Won-Sub;Cha, Byung-Chul
    • Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.149-154
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    • 2011
  • Martensitic stainless steel STS 431 has been nitrided by active screen ion nitriding under the various temperature and time. The thickness of diffusion layer, case depth, hardness and composition phases were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), micro-Vickers hardness tester, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and glow discharge spectroscopy (GDS). It was observed that the thickness of diffusion layer depends strongly on the treatment temperature and time. A sample, which was nitrided at $450^{\circ}C$ for 8hours, was a maximum hardness of Hv0.01 1558 and nitride layer of $70{\mu}m$. As shown in XRD patterns, $\varepsilon(Fe_{2-3}N)$ and expanded martensite (${\alpha}_N$) phases which was saturated with nitrogen solid solution were in the nitrided layer treated at $450^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Composition phases of $\varepsilon$ $(Fe_{2-3}N)$ and ${\gamma}'$ ($Fe_4N$) were observed after active screen nitriding at $450^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours.