• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.226-231
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• 2006

Artemisia vulgaris, one of the most religious plants in Nepal, is used in the treatment of various ailments. In this study, antioxidative activity of essential oil from A. vulgaris was evaluated, using different in vitro methods and antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method against skin disease microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans and Propionibacterium acnes. The essential oil exhibited a concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. It showed strong metal chelating activity with low reducing and antioxidant power. However, gradual increase in radical scavenging activity was obtained with increasing concentration and reaction time. It also possessed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and notable susceptibility was observed against S. pyogenes and P. acnes.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.286-290
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• 2017

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are highly dangerous nosocomial pathogens, cause the symptoms of skin infections, pressure sores, sepsis, blood stream and wound infections. Unfortunately, these pathogens are immune to the most common antibiotics, such as, carbapenem, aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone. Therefore, it is imperative that new and effective antibiotics be developed. In the present study, the antimicrobial effects of Aloe vera MAP (modified Aloe polysaccharide) on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes, and clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa and clinical Acinetobacter baumannii were comprehensibly investigated. Prior to the growth inhibition effect measurement and antibiotic disc diffusion assay on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and selected multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, antimicrobial resistance screening was performed for the multidrug-resistant bacteria obtained from clinical isolates. The results for showed the Aloe vera MAP had a concentration-dependent effect on all of examined bacteria, particularly on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant experiments were also performed dose dependently effects to confirm the beneficial physiological effects of Aloe vera MAP.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2003

Isolates of 70 Proteus mirabilis were tested against 10 different antibiotics by a disc diffusion method as recommended by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). The isolates were resistant in order of tetracycline(100.0%), enrofloxacin(95.7%), ampicillin(74.3%), choramphenicol(62.9%), cephalothin(58.6%), streptomycin(50%), kanamycin(47.2%), neomycin(35.8%), gentamicin(15.7%), and amikacin(2.9%). In the antibiotic resistant patterns, 37 kinds of multiple resistance patterns of P mirabilis isolates were detected. The highest resistant pattern was ampicillin-cephalothin-chloramphenicol-enrofloxacin-tetracycline(11.6%).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2 s.130
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• pp.72-77
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• 2005

Streptococcus mutans is known as a strong cariogenic bacterium and produces dental caries. This study was carried out to develop anticariogenic agents from Callistemon citrinus. Crude extracts and thier various solvent fractions of the plant extracts were tested for the antibacterial activity against S. mutans. The anticariogenic activity was evaluated with by paper disc diffusion method and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC). The extract from the fruit and its hexane fraction showed a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans and the MICs were 31.2 and $3.9{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.263-267
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• 1997

Eighty-seven strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from feces of wild mammals in Choniu zoo were tested for their biochemical reaction and susceptibility to 19 antibiotics or chemicals by using disc diffusion test and/or Microscan Walkway 40/96. Out of 87 isolates, Enterobacteriaceae (44), Hafinia alvei (9), Citrobacterfreundi (5) and Proteus vulgaris (5) were frequently detected. The detective frequency of Enterobacteriaceae in animals classified by their eating pattern was higher in carnivorous and omnivorous than in herbivorous animal. In antibiotic susceptibility tests most of isolates were susceptible to cefazolinl ceftazidime, aztreoname, trimethoprin/sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cofuroximel ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and eftizoximel and moderately susceptible to cephalotin and ticarcillin but resistant to ticarcillin/K and amikacin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.574-584
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• 1998

Antimicrobial activities, extraction yields and chemical compositions of the extract from the powder of vacuum dried Smilax china root on various solvents were investigated. Antimicrobial activities against. A rhizogenes, A. tumefaciens, C. utilis, S. cerevisiae, B. megaterium, B. subtilis and E. coli were measured by disc diffusion method. Methanol, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol extracts exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against B. megaterium and B. subtilis. Also, methanol, ethylacetate and butanol extracts had the activities against A. rhizogenes, and chloroform and ethylacetate extracts against A. tumefacciens. The extraction yields were 13.10%, 8.71%, 2.73%, 0.83%, 0.54% and chemical compositions of their extracts were very different according to the kinds of solvents. The main chemical groups of ethylacetate, methanol, chloroform and butanol extracts were 45.99% phenolics, 36.10% acids, 29.13% phenolics and 18.96% phenolics, respectively.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.182-185
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• 2009

Amoora cucullata (Meliaceae), a mangrove plant, has folkloric reputation as a medicinal agent in Bangladesh. In this study, the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of the stem bark of this plant were subjected to microbiological investigation and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. In case of antimicrobial screening, the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts appeared to be potent in terms of both zone of inhibition and spectrum of activity showing the average zones of inhibition 8 - 14 mm and 9 - 16 mm, respectively. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the methanolic extract demonstrated highest cytotoxicity having $LC_{50}$ of $0.549{\mu}g/ml$, whereas the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract showed $LC_{50}$ of 7.943 and $17.180{\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2000

One hundred eight strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the patients (sputum, urine, burn skin, stool and blood) of Pusan National University hospital were tested for exonezyme production, antimicrobial susceptibility and serotyping. The results obtained were as follow: In exonezyme production test, 50 strains (46.30%) produced both protease and elastase. Thirty three strains (30.55%) did not produce any exoenzyme, 18 strains (16.67%) produced only protease and 7(6.48%) stains only produced elastase. As the result of antimicrobial susceptibility by the disc diffusion method, most strains were resistant to sulfamethoxazole (96.30%). But the resistant rate against gentamicin and ticarcillin were 47.23% and 46.30% respectively. The resistant rate to other antibiotics were less than 40%. All strains could be serologically typed. Most strains were identified as type Ⅲ: among them, 51 strains were belonged to serotype E. The correlation of serotype and exoenzyme production was not found.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.360-367
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• 2020

Tuna skin byproduct extract (TSB) was used as a biocompatibility film base material, and its composite film with gellan gum (GG) was prepared. In addition, Pinus thunbergii cone extract (PTCE) was incorporated into the film to provide anti-oxidant and anti-bacteria activities. The tensile strength (TS) of the TSB/GG composite films increased with increasing GG content, whereas elongation at break (E) decreased. TSB/GG film at a ratio of 0.5:0.5 (w/w) showed the most desirable TS and E values. Based on scavenging free radical potentials and disc diffusion method results against growth of bacteria, antioxidant and anti-bacteria activities of films increased with increasing PTCE concentration. Accordingly, this study showed that TSB/GG could be used as a film material while the TSB/GG composite film containing PTCE can be utilized as functional packaging.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.758-769
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• 2023

The main aim of this study was to determine python fat's several physicochemical properties, including dimensions, color, structure, acid value (AV), saponification value (SV), density, and recovery efficiency. The optimum yield obtained was approximately 80.40% at 180℃ for 60 min with an AV of 0.3366 and SV of 179.56 mg KOH/g. Fatty acids, comprising oleic acid (72.462%), palmitic acid (26.243%), linolenic acid (0.835%), and myristic acid (0.459%), were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The python fat had a very weak antioxidant capacity and almost no antibacterial ability with gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus - ATCC 25923 and Bacillus cereus - ATCC 10876) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli - ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enterica - ATCC 35664) bacteria (used the paper disc diffusion method for antibiotic susceptibility testing). Moreover, python fat is considered to be very resistant to high temperatures.