• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.400-405
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• 1995

ZnO films have been grown easily with the conventional thermal evaporation method on SiO$\_$2/ coated Si wafers. Anhydrous zinc acetate has been used as evaporation source. Zinc-acetate was directly heated in the laboratory-made brass boat. Zinc-acetate was sublimed at the boat temperature of about 220.deg. C. The substrates were heated to 600.deg. C with home made tantalium heater. Oxygen has been flowed into the deposition chamber to change the partial pressure of oxygen. X-ray diffraction patterns showed all the films to be amorphous. The films deposited at high oxygen pressure exhibit higher resistivity than films at low pressure. Energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and rutherford backscattering spectrometry(RBS) were conducted on the films to reveal the composition of the ZnO films.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2244-2249
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• 2007

A directly heated $SO_3$ decomposer for the sulfur-iodine and hybrid-sulfur processes has been introduced and analyzed by using a computational fluid dynamics code(CFD) with the CFX 5.7.1. The use of a directly heated decomposition reactor in conjunction with a VHTR allows higher decomposition reactor operating temperature. However, the thermochemical and hybrid hydrogen production processes accompanied with the high temperature and strongly corrosive operating conditions basically have material problems. In order to resolve these problems, we carried out the development of a structural material and equipment design technologies. The results show that the maximum temperature of the structural material (RA330) could be maintained at 800$^{\circ}C$ or less. Also, it can be seen that the mean temperature of the reaction region packed with catalysts in the $SO_3$ decomposition reactor could satisfy the temperature condition of around 850 $^{\circ}C$ which is the target temperature in this study.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.1275-1284
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• 2009

A directly heated $SO_3$ decomposer for the sulfur-iodine and hybrid-sulfur processes has been introduced and analyzed using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code CFX 11. The use of a directly heated decomposition reactor in conjunction with a very high temperature reactor (VHTR) allows for higher decomposition reactor operating temperatures. However, the high temperatures and strongly corrosive operating conditions associated with $SO_3$ decomposition present challenges for the structural materials of decomposition reactors. In order to resolve these problems, we have designed a directly heated $SO_3$ decomposer using RA330 alloy as a structural material and have performed a CFD analysis of the design based on the finite rate chemistry model. The CFD results show the maximum temperature of the structural material could be maintained sufficiently below 1073 K, which is considered the target temperature for RA 330. The CFD simulations also indicated good performance in terms of $SO_3$ decomposition for the design parameters of the present study.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1218-1226
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• 2004

This paper presents thermal behaviors and performances of a fresh air load reduction system by using earth tube system combined with air-heated solar collector. The earth tube system reduces a fresh air load by heat exchange with soil throughout the year. In the previous experimental research, it was clarified that the earth tube system was very useful as a fresh air load reduction system. However, since outlet temperature of the fresh air which was heated by earth tube system was below 15$^{\circ}C$ in winter, it is not suitable to introduce the fresh air into the place of residence directly. Therefore, a simulation model using the simple heat diffusion equation was used to examine a rising effect of outlet air temperature in winter by combining with air-heated solar collector. An improvement of annual performance by control of operation is also quantitatively examined. In conclusion, it is confirmed that its performance is improved by control of operation throughout the year and outlet air temperature rose by combining with air-heated solar collector.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.107-110
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• 1982

Fixed bed drying method was selected to reduce the initial drying time of squid and the effects of drying air temperature and bed height on the drying rate were investigated, with following results. 1. The drying rate in the fixed bed dryer was faster than that of natural convection type dryer heated indirectly and that of hot air dryer heated directly. 2, Shirai-equation was applicable to squid being dried. Using the equation, drying rate constant obtained was as shown in table 1.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.46-56
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• 2003

Objects: The purpose of this thesis is to consider classification of Wibub(위법), heating method of Wibub(위법) and the diseases for which Wibub(위법) is efficacious through bibliographic basements. Methods: We bibliographically studied on Wibub(위법) through 20 existing oriental documents. Results: Summarized as follows; 1. Wibub(위법) is an external therapy of applying heated herbal powder or granules wrapped in a cloth or applying heated implements to the affected part. 2. Wibub(위법) is divided into two types. One is Yakwi(약위) which uses medicine, the other is Wibub(위법) which only uses implements. 3. The heating methods of Wibub(위법) are various. there are using directly heated medicine, using heated implement and using Naengwi(냉위) and Yeolwi(열위) in turns. 4. Wibub(위법) is efficacious for mammary disease like as acute mammaritis, mastitis, anal disease like as hemorrhoids, proctoptosis, sore, muscle disease, multiple abscess, pyogenic infection of bone, gonarthritis externally and efficacious for cold paralysis, cold limbs, vomiting with diarrhea, mass in abdomen, abdominal pain, constipation, urinary disease like as dysuria, ischuria internally. Conclusions: As the aboves. Wibub(위법) is able to be used variously in clinical cases. so we consider that it is necessary to study methods which improve practical use of Wibub(위법).

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2010

A steel with chemical composition, 0.22% C, 0.25% Si, 1.26% Mn, 0.22% Cr, 0.04% Ti, 0.0042% B, and a microstructure of ferrite and spheroidized cementite has been press-formed to automotive center pillar followed by local-hardening heat-treatment. Hardness, tensile properties, fractography, microstructure and surface roughness of local-hardening heat-treated automotive center pillar have been examined. The directly heated and quenched area had fully martensitic structure with Vickers hardenss in the range of 500 to 510. The heat affected area close to the directly heated area showed dual-phase structure of ferrite and martensite. The width of the heat-treated and heat-affected areas after the local-hardening heat treatment was ranging from 32 mm to 50 mm. The surface of the local-hardening heat-treated center pillar revealed some temper color as a consequence of the oxidation during the heat treatment, but the surface roughness was not affected by the local-hardening heat treatment.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2009

In the present work, effects of spray characteristics (droplet size and velocity) on the temperature variation of a heated porous plate (Melamine foam) have been investigated through a series of experiments. Based on the measured data, time required to cool down the hot porous material turned out to be shorten by doing with the smaller droplet size and/or smaller impinging velocity. In particular, the droplet size effect is more prominent than the impinging velocity. The cooling performance in the porous material is directly proportional to the penetration velocity.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2005

Additions of ground garlic, chili and ginseng powder did not affect the breaking force and strain of directly heated gel of Alaska pollack surimi. In comparison, these additives reduced the setting effect achieved by incubation of the salted surimi at $25^{\circ}C$, and resulted in a decreased breaking force and strain for the two step heated gel. Garlic almost completely inhibited the myosin cross-linking reaction, an important reaction for improving the gel properties occurring in the setting process. However, chili and ginseng powder minimally inhibited the cross-linking reaction. Thus, this study proposes that the mechanism for the suppression of the setting effect by chili and ginseng is different from that of garlic.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 lab-scale의 열탈착 장치를 설계 및 제작하고 실제 유류오염 토양을 대상으로 다양한 운전조건에 따른 오염토양정화성능을 비교하였다. 대상 토양은 군부대로 사용되던 부지 내 유류저장소 부근 고농도 오염토로 선정하였고, 10 L 용적의 원통형 batch 형태의 직접 가열식 열탈착기를 사용하여 초기 TPH 농도 4476 ppm의 고농도 오염 토양시료를 다양한 운전조건에서 열탈착하여 처리효율 분석을 수행하였다. 열중량 분석을 통해 열탈착 실험에서 대상 오염물질을 제거하기 위한 토양 시료의 평균 가열온도는 $200-300^{\circ}C$가 적합한 것으로 확인하였다. Batch 형식의 운전을 통한 처리효율 분석 결과 토양 내 오염물질을 90% 이상 제거하기 위해서는 약 $200^{\circ}C$에서는 10분, 약 $300^{\circ}C$에서는 5분 이상의 처리 시간이 요구되었다. 함수율이 높고 덩어리진 토양일수록 처리효율, 특히 고분자 오염물질의 처리효율이 크게 감소함을 보였다. 따라서 풍건을 통하여 오염토양 내 수분을 저하시킨 후 분쇄 처리하여 열탈착기에 주입하는 것이 효과적이라 판단된다. 또한 처리 전 토양과 처리 후 토양의 물리화학적 특성 비교한 결과 고온에 의해 증발된 수분함량을 제외하고 나머지 특성들은 거의 변화가 없어 실제 복원현장에서 오염토양을 열탈착 공정을 이용하여 오염물질을 제거한 후 추가적인 후처리 과정 없이 처리토양을 원래 위치에 복원하는 것이 가능함을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과는 현장운전에서 오염물질의 제거 효율을 극대화하기위한 인자 결정 및 검증을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.