• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.36-45
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• 2009

Recently, there are interested in the automatic traffic flowing and accident detection using various low level information from video in the road. In this paper, the automatic traffic flowing and algorithm, and application of traffic accident detection using traffic management systems are studied. To achieve these purposes, the spatio-temporal relation models using topological and directional relations have been made, then a matching of the proposed models with the directional motion verbs proposed by Levin's verbs of inherently directed motion is applied. Finally, the synonym and antonym are inserted by using WordNet. For the similarity measuring between proposed modeling and trajectory of moving object in the video, the objects are extracted, and then compared with the trajectories of moving objects by the proposed modeling. Because of the different features with each proposed modeling, the rules that have been generated will be applied to the similarity measurement by TSR (Tangent Space Representation). Through this research, we can extend our results to the automatic accident detection of vehicle using CCTV.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.172-179
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• 1988

A cartridge type hydraulic logic valve consists of simple two port valve whose poppet is closed or opened by means of pressure signal of a pilot line. Accordingly, the logic valve can be used not only for direction, flow and pressure control purpose but also for versatile function valve which enables all above mentioned functions. In addition, the valve has little internal leakage and pressure loss, superior response characteristics and easiness in making small block type valve. The above mentioned good performances being recognized recently, the logic valve has been used widely in the large scale hydraulic system such as a hydraulic press system, for the performance requirements of high speed operation and precise control characteristics. However, there are scarce reports until now, except for a few ones from Aachen Institute of Technology in West Germany, so it is necessary to be studied on development and investigation for practical application. This paper showed that the static and dynamic characteristics of a logic valve when the logic valve is used for directional control, to investigate the relations between the valve operating characteristics and the valve design conditions. From the above mentioned procedure, it was ascertained that the valve operation characteristics obtained by numerical analysis showed good agreements with experimental results. The representative results obtained are as follows; 1. During the valve is closing, the poppet velocity is almost constant in the logic valve. 2. The pilot pressure P sub(3) and the resistance R in the pilot line have much influences on the valve operation time. 3. Spring strength have not such a severe influence on the valve operating time. 4. The operation characteristics of the logic valve can be estimated with good accuracy comparatively by numerical analysis with the equations describing poppet motion.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.371-380
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• 2023

Relation extraction is to extract relationships between named entities from text. Traditionally, relation extraction methods only extract relations between predetermined subject and object entities. However, in end-to-end relation extraction, all possible relations must be extracted by considering the positions of the subject and object for each pair of entities, and so this method uses time and resources inefficiently. To alleviate this problem, this paper proposes a method that sets directions based on the positions of the subject and object, and extracts relations according to the directions. The proposed method utilizes existing relation extraction data to generate direction labels indicating the direction in which the subject points to the object in the sentence, adds entity position tokens and entity type to sentences to predict the directions using a pre-trained language model (KLUE-RoBERTa-base, RoBERTa-base), and generates representations of subject and object entities through probabilistic crossover operation. Then, we make use of these representations to extract relations. Experimental results show that the proposed model performs about 3 ~ 4%p better than a method for predicting integrated labels. In addition, when learning Korean and English data using the proposed model, the performance was 1.7%p higher in English than in Korean due to the number of data and language disorder and the values of the parameters that produce the best performance were different. By excluding the number of directional cases, the proposed model can reduce the waste of resources in end-to-end relation extraction.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.72-86
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• 2013

Industrial agglomeration is an old theme in economic geography and many studies have been devoted to this topic. But only few have empirically looked at the time trend of industrial agglomeration. This study measured agglomeration of U.S. industries over last 29 years and measurement results indicated that industrial clustering has occurred during the study period in all study industries without a common time trend shared amongst the study industries. The agglomeration levels then were plugged in to investigate causalities, i.e. causal relations, around industrial agglomeration. Three variables were selected to see causal relations with agglomeration levels based on literatures, and our focus was given to the causality between transport network and agglomeration. Causal relation from transport to agglomeration was found in various industries and this supports the argument that the development of transportation influences industrial agglomeration. At the same time inverse and bi-directional causalities were also revealed implying more complex relationship between these two.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.471-476
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• 2018

The purpose of this article is to understand the causes and consequences of the formation and division process of the family relationship and the meaning of the restoration of the family relationship that appeared for the baby-boomer generation, the eco-boomer generation, and the subsequent generation which represent the reality of the time involved. The research method is based on a family that reflects the current age in the drama "My Golden Life" which showed the highest audience rating in the first half of 2018. As a result, the burdens, conflicts, and responsibility of the generations about family relations appeared as unilateral relations. It cut off the entangled relationship and dismantled it. However, the disconnection of the relationship played a role in recovering the subjectivity of the individual from the bridle of the family. As it turned out, the restoration of the family relationship was possible in the bi-directional relationship after the self-esteem and identity of the individual was established first.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.266-275
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of student question-centered lessons for bi-directional faculty-student communication. Methods: This study performed one-group pretest-posttest design; participants were university students majoring in health science (nursing 58, physical therapy 45) in city C. Data was collected and the program was conducted from March 3 to June 14, 2014. Measurements employed were the ARCS model of motivational design, self-assertiveness, learning satisfaction, and interpersonal relationship. Data was analyzed through frequency statistics, descriptive statistics, and repeated measurement of one-way analysis of variance with the SPSS 19.0 program. Results: In this student question-centered lesson participants exhibited significant enhanced satisfaction in terms of learning motivation, learning satisfaction, self-assertiveness, behavioral assertiveness, general assertiveness, and sensibility regarding interpersonal relationships. Conclusion: The results suggest that student question-centered lessons are applicable to a variety of subjects. Also, for comparative purposes, a faculty-centered lesson will be undertaken.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.3-11
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• 2002

Source parameters for forty nine recent earthquakes occurred in and around Korean Peninsula are determined and the relations among them are studied. The corner frequency and seismic moment are estimated from three different methods. The spectral fitting of the source displacement spectrum with the $\omega$-square source model of Brune(1970) and Snoke(1987)'s method are applied to all events and empirical Green's function method for two events are adopted. The source parameters determined in this study show different values depending on the adopted method and on the stations of which seismograms are recorded. It is interpreted that the disagreements principally originate from insufficient consideration of source radiation pattern and attenuation and amplification according to path direction. The corner frequencies and seismic moments are averaged to exclude the directional effects and other source parameters are estimated from the mean corner frequency and seismic moment. The static stress drops estimated in this study tend to be independent of seismic moment or magnitude for events above a certain size. For earthquakes with the size less than about 3.0$\times$10$^{21}$dyne-cm(nearly same as M$_{L}$=3.7), the stress drop tends to decrease with the decreasing moment. This fact suggests a breakdown of scaling law of source parameters below the threshold magnitude. The moment magnitudes calculated from source parameters appear to be slightly larger than the Richter's local magnitudes in the range above M$_{L}$=3.5.3.5.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.2681-2692
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• 1996

The finite-volume method for radiation in a three-dimensional non-orthogonal gas turbine combustion chamber with absorbing, emitting and anisotropically scattering medium is presented. The governing radiative transfer equation and its discretization equation using the step scheme are examined, while geometric relations which transform the Cartesian coordinate to a general body-fitted coordinate are provided to close the finite-volume formulation. The scattering phase function is modeled by a Legendre polynomial series. After a benchmark solution for three-dimensional rectangular combustor is obtained to validate the present formulation, a problem in three-dimensional non-orthogonal gas turbine combustor is investigated by changing such parameters as scattering albedo, scattering phase function and optical thickness. Heat flux in case of isotropic scattering is the same as that of non-scattering with specified heat generation in the medium. Forward scattering is found to produce higher radiative heat flux at hot and cold wall than backward scattering and optical thickness is also shown to play an important role in the problem. Results show that finite-volume method for radiation works well in orthogonal and non-orthogonal systems.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 2008

This paper presents the formulation and numerical implementation of a spectral scheme specially developed to simulate dynamic fracture events in unidirectional and cross-ply fiber-reinforced composites. The formulation is based on the spectral representation of the transversely isotropic elastodynamic relations between the traction stresses along the fracture plane and the resulting displacements. Example problem of dynamically propagating cracks in fiber-reinforced composites is investigated and compared with reference solutions available in the literature and/or experimental observations. This scheme can be directly applicable to the interfacial fracture analysis in the FRP reinforced concrete structures.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.684-690
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• 2007

We describe our method to predict the direction of conditional probabilistic dependencies between clusters of random variables. Selected variables called 'gateway variables' are used to predict the conditional probabilistic dependency relations between clusters. The direction of conditional probabilistic dependencies between clusters are predicted by finding directed acyclic graph (DAG)-shaped dependency structure between the gateway variables. We show that our method shows meaningful prediction results in determining directions of conditional probabilistic dependencies between clusters.