• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.275-283
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• 2019

The purpose this study is to analyze how human resources in culture and arts education use the contents of Arts Academy training program in the field, and to suggest implications and improvements of the training for strengthening the competence of professional manpower. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted for the participants of the Arte Academy training program to investigate the actual application rate. As a result of the analysis, overall application of the training was high. However, the work-site application was divided into indirect and direct applications. Indirect application showed higher results than direct application. This shows that the training is effective in terms of strengthening the participants' personal competence, but they are somewhat lacking in applying the contents learned in the training directly in the field. Indirect application is a result of training and is a necessary part of strengthening competence. However, considering that culture and arts education is a consumer-oriented policy that enjoys culture and art, it needs to be strengthened more directly in the field, and the competence of the applicant should be applied to the field more smoothly. The Korea Arts & Culture Education Service needs to review and implement such a training that has a higher direct application than indirect application.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.79-108
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• 2007

In this study, we measured customers' perception of organization citizenship behaviors of employees which are known as the important factor for improving performance of companies, and examined the path relationship among related variables such as service quality, customer satisfaction, trust, and positive word of mouth. Although there have been many studies of OCB in the marketing field, the majority of these studies measured employee's OCB from the organization's perspective. This study has extended the prior studies by measuring employee's OCB from the customer's perspective. Customers of beauty salons and public houses were researched such that OCB may be applied to more various customer contact situations. The result is as follows. First, employees's OCB had a direct effect on perceived service quality and trust, and had an indirect effect on customer satisfaction. It means that customers evaluate the service quality of employees and trust frontline employees when they observed employees helping other organizational members, orientated customer facilitation beyond the regulated role and showed positive attitudes for their organization. As a result, customers feel more satisfied. Secondly, OCB had an indirect effect on positive word of mouth through mediation of service quality, satisfaction, and trust. Finally, consumer facilitation had the largest effect on consumer attitude among three dimensions of OCB-consumer facilitation, organization involvement, and sportsmanship. We understood the relationship between frontline employee's OCB and customer attitudes, and the necessity of multidimensional approach in measuring employee's OCB from the customer's perspective.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.253-262
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• 2014

This, an association research for design-improvement and model-development of exhibition shops at rural tourism communities, is to secure objective data by analyzing customers' awareness-tendency of and demand for agricultural-specialty exhibition shops. Survey-questions for finding out consumers' awareness-tendency and demand were determined through brainstorming of a professional council, 30 rural communities of which visit-rate by consumers is considerably high were selected for the recruit of 200 consumers. For investigation and analysis, survey and in-depth interview were carried out at the scene with the application of frequency analysis and summarization of their opinions, which revealed that they have a strong will to visit the rural tourism communities for the purchase of agricultural specialties along with the experience of learning-program and on-the-scene direct dealing and that their viewpoint on the direct dealing at the scene was very positive. Also it was confirmed hat their satisfaction with the purchase of agricultural specialties by on-the-scene direct dealing, their pleasure at the purchase, their satisfaction with services and their intention for re-purchase of them were very high while their satisfaction with the exhibition shops was very low. With on-the-scene survey, the consumers' opinions could be listened to in depth. Almost all of them said their satisfaction with the trip to those rural tourism communities was considerably high since they could go to those communities themselves to relieve the stress from their modern life, to experience healing and to see the goods on the scene. Their satisfaction also was attributed to the fact that they have enough trust in purchase along with feeling the warm-heartedness of rural residents. As to their awareness of exhibition shops, they showed a positive response to the on-the-scene direct dealing at rural communities while they, thinking that the space in those exhibition shops was not sufficiently wide, demanded for more systematic counters in more accessible and affordable exhibition shops so that they might be more satisfied with the exhibition shops. Their demand for the necessity of exhibition shops selling agricultural specialties was found to be over 80%, which indicates that the necessity is very high. As to the suitability of function, they have the opinion that the business at those shops had better be focused on sales since they have the understanding of information when they take a trip to the rural communities, while there was another opinion: since agricultural products are seasonal items they should be exhibited and sold at the same time. More than 90% of the respondents had a positive viewpoint on direct dealing of agricultural specialties on the scene, which showed that their response to it was very high. They preferred the permanent shops equipped with roll-around table-booths. In addition, it was revealed that they want systematic exhibition shops in rural communities because they frequent those communities for on-the-scene direct purchase. The preferred type and opinion resulting from estimation of consumers' demands have been reflected for development of practical designs. The structure of variable principles has been designed so that the types of display-case and table-booth might be created. The result of this study is a positive data as a design model which can be utilized at rural communities and will be commercialized for the verification of its validity.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.2 s.86
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• pp.89-104
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the affecting factors on male salary workers' level of retirement planning. The focus was on the causal effects on salary workers' attitude toward retirement and their level of retirement planning. The major findings were as follows.: First, the salary worker's attitude toward retirement was neutral, neither positive nor negative, and they estimated their level of retirement planning relatively high. Second, the major factors affecting on attitude toward retirement were salary workers' age, their current economic status, and future perspectives for the post-retirement life. Third, the major affecting factors on level of retirement planning were salary workers' age, health status, and level of self-esteem, household net asset, savings and investment for elderly life, and attitude toward retirement. forth, the causal effects on the level of retirement planning was verified, and attitude toward retirement had direct effect as well as indirect effect on the level of retirement planning. From the findings, it can be concluded that the salary workers' attitude toward retirement played a important role in the process of retirement planning.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.745-759
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• 2007

The study aims at investigating the causal relationships among leisure expenditures, leisure activity participation and leisure satisfaction of adult consumers. Data were collected from 415 adult consumers in Ulsan. ANOVA, multiple regression, and path analysis were used for the statistical analysis. The results indicated that marital status, household income and subject's attitude toward leisure had significant impacts on leisure expenditures, while their satisfaction with financial status, household income, leisure plan, their attitudes toward leisure and personal acquaintanceship significantly affected leisure activity participation. To leisure satisfaction, their satisfaction with financial status, the attitudes toward leisure, leisure expenditures and leisure activity participation were positively related, and leisure plan was negatively related. The results of path analysis showed that marital status, household income, the satisfaction with financial status, their attitude toward leisure, leisure plan, personal acquaintanceship, leisure expenditures, and leisure activity participation had direct or indirect effects on leisure satisfaction.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2013

This study examines the effectiveness of brand awareness, brand image and brand identification on brand loyalty for the Nike brand. The subjects of this study were 336 elementary school boys. The statistical methods used for this study were factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis with SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 19.0. The results of this study were as follows. First, brand awareness had a direct effect on brand image and brand loyalty. Brand awareness also had an indirect effect on brand loyalty. Second, brand image directly or indirectly influenced brand loyalty as well as directly influenced brand identification. Third, brand identification directly influenced brand loyalty. The $5^{th}$ grade group and $6^{th}$ grade group had different paths; however, the most powerful path was the same as brand awareness to brand image. The results of this study will help fashion companies understand the importance of new consumer groups in their early teens or elementary school.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.73-93
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of workers' human resource development and their recognition of human resource on-the-job satisfaction. A sample of 4,727 workers that was selected from Korea Labor Panel Data was analyzed by t-test and multiple regression, and was tested by causal effects among related variables. The major findings were as follows: First, the workers' recognition of their job performance level vs. educational attainment was affected by their annual income, job status, educational attainment, gender, and experiences of human resource development. Second, the workers' job satisfaction was affected by gender, age, educational attainment, health status, job status, annual income, experiences of human resource development, recognition of their job performance level vs. educational attainment, and recognition for their job availability. Third, the factors that had a causal effect on workers' job satisfaction were educational attainment, gender, age, health status, annual income, and experiences of human resource development. Above all, workers' educational attainment had a strong direct effect on job satisfaction, and annual income had a strong indirect effect on it. From these findings, it can be concluded that workers' effort and trial for development and investment of human resource played an important role in increasing job satisfaction.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2023

This study examined changes in dietary life and dietary life satisfaction in one-person households during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a sample of 916 one-person households from the Food Consumption Behavior Survey, we applied ANOVA and a system of equations model for our analysis which produced four main results. Firstly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, eating homemade and delivered meals increased, whereas eating restaurant, group, and HMR meals decreased. Eating breakfast and regular eating habits also increased during the pandemic. Secondly, approximately 30% of the sample reported increased expenditure on fresh food and HMR meals. The proportion of positive changes in dietary life was also greater than negative changes, and dietary life satisfaction was about three times higher than it had been before the pandemic. Thirdly, having breakfast and regular eating fully mediated the relationship between spending on fresh food and dietary life satisfaction, as well as the relationship between HMR purchases and dietary life satisfaction. Changes in expenditure on fresh food and HMR meals positively affected dietary life satisfaction through eating breakfast and regular eating. Fourthly, increased consumption of delivered food had a positive direct effect on dietary life satisfaction. Among sociodemographic variables, gender, education, occupation, and age were also significantly related to changes in dietary life satisfaction.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.8
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• pp.207-232
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• 2001

Many customer satisfaction studies have accepted the confimation/disconfirmation paradigm, but the findings as the antecedents of consumer satisfaction are mixed. So rather than asking whether or not there is a direct effect of a certain variable on satisfaction, it is necessary asking when does a certain variable have a direct effect on satisfaction. According to this result, we assume that the situation has a direct effect on satisfaction. So this study has investigated the moderating role of perceived heterogeneity as a unit of situation, in the process of customer satisfaction formation, especially on public service. We have found such thing as follows. 1) situation has an effect on customer satisfaction. 2) perceived heterogeneity of the customers, as a situation variable, lets the process of their satisfaction formation differ. 3) through these studies, the confirmation/disconfirmation paradigm are able to extend on public services.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2021

In this study, the difference between the preservative efficacy test (PET) used for water dispersion formulations and PCPC (personal care products council) guidelines alternative test method, direct contact membrane method, and surface mold test should be studied to determine what should be considered during preservative efficacy test of water non-dispersible formulations. We conducted improved PETs when using the alternative test method compared with the test methods used for stick and pressed powder. There was no significant improvement between water-in-silicon emulsions and loose powder using alternative test methods. When we checked the results of the presence and absence of the preservative system for each product, we could see that there were differences in testing methods. As a result, improved levels of results could be obtained using both existing and alternative test methods when measuring preservatives for water non-dispersible formulations. In addition, in the case of stick and pressed powder, the results were more effective when the preservative test method applied to the consumer's method of use was applied.