• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.74-86
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• 2012

For the improvement of environmental comfort in the buildings with the blind control, the objective of this study is to prevent the direct glare caused by the daylight inlet. During the process of solar profile prediction, time are significant factors that may cause error and glare during the blind control. This research proposes and evaluates the correction and control method to minimize prediction error. For the local areas with different longitude and local standard meridian, error occurred in the process of the time conversion from local standard time to apparent solar time. In order to correct error in time conversion, apparent solar time should be recalculated after adjusting the day of year and the equation of time. To solve the problems by the potential time errors, control method is suggested to divide the control sections using the calibrated fitting-curve and this method is verified through simulations. The proposed correction and control method, which considered potential time errors by loop lop leap years, could solve the problems about direct glare caused by daylight inlet on the work-plane according to the prediction errors of solar profile. And also these methods could maximize daylight inlet and solar heat gain, because the blocked area on windows could be minimized.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.595-604
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• 2016

Utilizing a standard 130-nm CMOS process, a RF frontend is designed at 24 GHz for automotive collision avoidance radar application. Single IF direct conversion receiver (DCR) architecture is adopted to achieve high integration level and to alleviate the DCR problem. The proposed frontend is composed of a two-stage LNA and downconversion mixers. To save power consumption, and to enhance gain and linearity, stacked NMOS-PMOS $g_m$-boosting technique is employed in the design of LNA as the first stage. The switch transistors in the mixing stage are biased in subthreshold region to achieve low power consumption. The single balanced mixer is designed in PMOS transistors and is also realized based on the well-known folded architecture to increase voltage headroom. This frontend circuit features enhancement in gain, linearity, and power dissipation. The proposed circuit showed a maximum conversion gain of 19.6 dB and noise figure of 3 dB at the operation frequency. It also showed input and output return losses of less than -10 dB within bandwidth. Furthermore, the port-to-port isolation illustrated excellent characteristic between two ports. This frontend showed the third-order input intercept point (IIP3) of 3 dBm for the whole circuit with power dissipation of 6.5 mW from a 1.5 V supply.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.594-599
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• 2009

Recent developments such as concern over global warming, depletion of fossil fuels and increase in energy demands by the increasing world population has eventually lead to mass production of electricity using renewable sources. Apart from wind and solar, ocean holds tremendous amount of untapped energy in forms such as geothermal vents, tides and waves. The current study looks at generating power using waves and the focus is on the primary energy conversion (first stage conversion) of incoming waves for different models. Observation of flow characteristics and the velocity in the augmentation channel as well as the front guide nozzle are presented in the paper. A numerical wave tank was used to simulate the waves and after obtaining the desired wave properties; the augmentation channel plus the front guide nozzle and rear chamber were integrated to the numerical wave tank. The waves in the numerical wave tank were generated by a piston type wave maker which was located at the wave tank inlet. The inlet which was modeled as a plate wall moved sinusoidally with the general function, x=asin$\omega$t The augmentation channel consisted of a front nozzle, rear nozzle and an internal fluid region representing the turbine housing. The analysis was performed using the commercial CFD code ANSYS-CFX.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.419-428
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• 2013

The modular multilevel cascade converter (MMCC) is a new family of multilevel power converters with modular realization and a cascaded pattern for submodules. The MMCC family can be classified by basic configurations and submodule types. One member of this family, the Hexverter, is configured as Double-Delta Full-Bridge (DDFB). It is a novel multilevel AC/AC converter with direct power conversion and comparatively fewer required components. It is appropriate for connecting two three-phase systems with different frequencies and driving an AC motor directly from a utility grid. This paper presents the dq model of a Hexverter with both of its AC systems by state-space representation, which then simplifies the continuous time-varying model into a periodic discrete time-invariant one. Then a generalized multivariable optimal control strategy for regulating the Hexverter's independent currents is developed. The resulting control structure can be adapted to other MMCCs and is flexible enough to include other control criterion while guaranteeing the original controller performance. The modeling method and control design are verified by simulation results.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.414-417
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• 2008

This paper presents the design and analysis of 2.45GHz Low-IF Mixer using CMOS 0.18um. The Mixer is implemented by using the Gilbert-type configuration, current bleeding technique, and the resonating technique for the tail capacitance. And the design of this Double Balance Mixer is based on its lineaity since it is important in the interference cancellation system. The low flicker noise mixer is implemented by incorporating a double balanced Gilber-type configuration, the RF leakage-less current bleeding technique, and Cp resonating technique. The proposed mixer has a simulated conversion gain of 16dB a simulated IIP3 of -3.3dBm and P1dB is -19dBm. A simulated noise figure of 6.9dB at l0MHz and a flicker corner frequency of 510kHz while consuming only 10.65mW od DC power. The layout of Mixer for one-chip design in a 0.18-um TSMC process has 0.474mm$\times$0.39 mm size.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.122-128
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• 2023

This paper proposes two kinds of single-balanced direct conversion quadrature receivers using selfoscillating LMVs in which the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) itself operates as a mixer while generating an oscillation. The two LMVs are complementary coupled and series coupled to generate the quadrature oscillating signals, respectively. Using a 65 nm CMOS technology, the proposed quadrature receivers are designed and simulated. Oscillating at around 2.4 GHz frequency, the complementary coupled quadrature receiver achieves the phase noise of -28 dBc/Hz at 1KHz offset and -109 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. The other series coupled receiver achieves the phase noise of -31 dBc/Hz at 1KHz offset and -109 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. The simulated voltage conversion gain of the two single-balanced receivers is 37 dB and 45 dB, respectively. The double-sideband noise figure of the two receivers is 5.3 dB at 1 MHz offset. The quadrature receivers consume about 440 μW dc power from a 1.0-V supply.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.756-760
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• 2001

Two different designs of permanent magnet motors as direct wheel-set drive for the German high speed train ICE 3 are designed, one with surface mounted magnets (SM) and one with buried rotor magnets (BM). The surface magnet motor has $17\%$ less mass and a slightly higher efficiency and was therefore chosen for further investigations. Compared with the conventional drive system of the ICE 3, consisting of geared inverter fed induction machines, the gearless permanent magnet direct drive yields about $16\%$ lower losses. This calculation is based on the route parameters of the high speed track between Frankfurt/Main and Cologne in Germany, which is currently under construction.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1994

A yeast strain secreting glucoamylase was transformed with an expression vector (pMS12) containing the promoter of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase I gene ADC1, mouse salivary $\alpha$-amylase cDNA, and a segment of yeast $21\mu m$ plasmid. The transformed strain could produce ethanol from starch (4%, w/v) through a direct one-step process with the conversion efficiency of 93.2%, during 5 days of fermentation, while the original, untransformed strain exhibited a conversion efficiency of 38.1% under the same condition. When the regulatory site of the ADC1 promoter region was removed, the production of ethanol increased to 29~37% in the presence of exogenous 3%(v/v) ethanol in the fermentation medium.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.46-52
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• 2012

This paper proposes a novel single-phase ac-ac converter topology based on the Z-source concept. The converter provides buck-boost function and plays the role of frequency changer. Compared to the traditional ac-dc-ac converter, it uses fewer devices, realizes direct ac-ac power conversion, and has a simpler circuit structure, so as to have higher efficiency and better circuit characteristics. Compared to the traditional matrix converter, it provides a wider voltage regulation range. The circuit topology, operating principle, control method and simulation results are given in this paper, and the rationality and feasibility is verified.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.08a
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• pp.305-308
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• 2009

This paper presents the design and analysis of RF Front End for Wireless Heartbeat measurement System. In this work LNA, an inductor connected at the gate of the cascode transistor and capacitive cross-coupling are strategically combined to reduce the noise and the nonlinearity influences of the cascode transistors in a differential LNA. The Mixer is implemented by using the Gilbert-type configuration, cross pmos injection technique and the resonating technique for the tail capacitance. The resulting LNA achieves 1.26 dB NF, better than 1.88dB NF Typical Also Mixer resulting achieves 9.8dB at 100KHz.