• Title/Summary/Keyword: Direct shear stress

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Shear Transfer Strength Evaluation for Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (강섬유 보강 초고성능 콘크리트의 전단 전달 모델)

  • Lee, Ji-Hyung;Hong, Sung-Gul
    • Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.69-77
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    • 2015
  • Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) has a outstanding tensile hardening behaviour after a crack develops, which gives ductility to structures. Existing shear strength model for fiber reinforced concrete is entirely based on crack opening behavior(mode I) which comes from flexural-shear failure, not considering shear-slip behavior(mode II). To find out the mode I and mode II behavior on a crack in UHPFRC simultaneously, maximum shear strength of cracked UHPFRC is investigated from twenty-four push-off test results. The shear stress on a crack is derived as variable of initial crack width and fiber volume ratio. Test results show that shear slippage is proportional to crack opening, which leads to relationship between shear transfer strength and crack width. Based on the test results a hypothesis is proposed for the physical mechanics of shear transfer in UHPFRC by tensile hardening behavior in stead of aggregate interlocking in reinforced concrete. Shear transfer strength based on tensile hardening behavior in UHPFRC is suggested and this suggestion was verified by comparing direct tensile test results and push-off test results.

Application of direct tension force transfer model with modified fixed-angle softened-truss model to finite element analysis of steel fiber-reinforced concrete members subjected to Shear

  • Lee, Deuck Hang;Hwang, Jin-Ha;Ju, Hyunjin;Kim, Kang Su
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.49-70
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    • 2014
  • Steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) is known as one of the efficient modern composites that can greatly enhance the material performance of cracked concrete in tension. Such improved tensile resistance mechanism at crack interfaces in SFRC members can be heavily influenced by methodologies of treatments of crack direction. While most existing studies have focused on developing the numerical analysis model with the rotating-angle theory, there are only few studies on finite element analysis models with the fixed-angle model approach. According to many existing experimental studies, the direction of principal stress rotated after the formation of initial fixed-cracks, but it was also observed that new cracks with completely different angles relative to the initial crack direction very rarely occurred. Therefore, this study introduced the direct tension force transfer model (DTFTM), in which tensile resistance of the fibers at the crack interface can be easily estimated, to the nonlinear finite element analysis algorithm with the fixed-angle theory, and the proposed model was also verified by comparing the analysis results to the SFRC shear panel test results. The secant modulus method adopted in this study for iterative calculations in nonlinear finite element analysis showed highly stable and fast convergence capability when it was applied to the fixed-angle theory. The deviation angle between the principal stress direction and the fixed-crack direction significantly increased as the tensile stresses in the steel fibers at crack interfaces increased, which implies that the deviation angle is very important in the estimation of the shear behavior of SFRC members.

Effects of Priodic Blowing Through a Spnnwise Slot on a Turbulent Boundary Layer (I) - Comparison with Steady Blowing - (슬릿을 통한 주기적 국소 가진이 난류경계층에 미치는 영향 (I) - 정상 가진과의 비교 -)

  • Kim, Kyoung-Youn;Sung, Hyung-Jin
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.31-40
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    • 2004
  • Direct numerical simulations were performed to analyze the effects of time-periodical blowing through a spanwise slot on a turbulent boundary layer. The blowing velocity was varied in a cyclic manner from 0 to 2A$^{+}$(A$^{+}$ =0.25, 0.50 and 1.00) at a fixed blowing frequency of f$^{+}$=0.017. The effect of steady blowing (SB) was also examined, and the SB results were compared with those for periodic blowing (PB). PB reduced the skin friction near the slot, although to a slightly lesser extent than SB. PB was found to generate a spanwise vortical structure in the downstream of the slot. This vortex generates a reverse flow near the wall, thereby reducing the wall shear stress. The wall-normal and spanwise turbulence intensities under PB are increased as compared to those under SB, whereas the streamwise turbulent intensity under PB is weaker than that under SB. PB enhances more energy redistribution than SB. The periodic response of the streamwise turbulence intensity to PB is propagated to a lesser extent than that of the other components of the turbulence intensities and the Reynolds shear stress.

Turbulence in temporally decelerating pipe flows (시간에 대해 감속하는 난류 파이프 유동에 관한 연구)

  • Jeong, Wongwan;Lee, Jae Hwa
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.46-50
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    • 2016
  • Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) of turbulent pipe flows with temporal deceleration were performed to examine response of the turbulent flows to the deceleration. The simulations were started with a fully-developed turbulent pipe flow at the Reynolds number, $Re_D=24380$, based on the pipe radius and the laminar centerline velocity, and three different constant temporal decelerations were applied to the initial flow with varying dU/dt = -0.001274, -0.00625 and -0.025. It was shown that the mean flows were greatly affected by temporal decelerations with downward shift of log law, and turbulent intensities were increased in particular in the outer layer, compared to steady flows at a similar Reynolds number. The analysis of Reynolds shear stress showed that second- and fourth-quadrant Reynolds shear stresses were increased with the decelerations, and the increase of the turbulence was attributed to enhancement of outer turbulent vortical structures by the temporal decelerations.

Development of Direct Shear Apparatus with Different Loading Conditions for Rock Joints and Its Application Tests (하중조건별 시험이 가능한 암석 절리편 전단시험의 개발 및 적용시험)

  • 천병식;김대영
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.161-172
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    • 2000
  • 자연암석절리 및 인공 절리에 대하여 일정수직응력제어, 일정 수직하중제어 그리고 무한 강성제어가 가능한 암석 절리면 전단기 시험기를 개발하였다. 이 시험기는 전단변위에 의한 첩촉면적의 변화량을 계산하여 하중변화량을 조절하여 일정수직응력상태를 유지한다. 수직하중에 따른 시험기 강성에 의한 변화향이 제어 프로그램 내에서 제어되어 순수한 시편의 변위량을 출력하도록 하였다. 전단하중에 따른 시험기 강성에 의한 변위량은 상, 하부 전단상자의 상대변위 측정으로 최소화하였다. 전단거동 중의 자유도는 전당방향에 대하여 수평이도, 연직이동, 피칭, 롤링이 가능하도록 하였다. 자연절리면을 모사한 석고시편에 대하여 일정 수직응력 제어, 일정수직하중제어 그리고 무한 강성제어 조건으로 시험하여 제어상태 검증 및 비교를 하였다. 또한 경사각이 16.7˚와 22.6˚인 톱니형 시편에 대하여 시험한 결과 경사각 16.7˚와 22.6˚는 JRC로 10과 15를 나타내었으며, 첨두팽창각이 첨두전단강도에서 발생되며, Barton의 모델과 잘 일치함을 보였다.

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Shear Behavioral Characteristics of Weathered Residual Soil for the Change Water Content (풍화잔적토의 함수비 변화에 따른 전단거동특성)

  • Yoo, Nam-Jae;Kim, Young-Gil;Lee, Jong-Ho
    • Journal of Industrial Technology
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    • v.17
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    • pp.119-124
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    • 1997
  • This thesis is an experimental research of shear behavioral characteristics and shear behavioral coefficient of weathered residual soil which is mostly contained in soil of Korea. Using the weathered residual soil from mountain near Kangwon National University, this experimental research were contained the physical properties of sample in term of the basic test method such as specific gravity, plastic and liquid limit, grain-size distribution, density and water content. Experimental results obtained from direct shear test sand triaxial compression tests show that according to step loading, linear strain and linear stress increase continually and angle of internal friction decreases just little according to incresing of water content in case of ignoring the cohesion, and angle of internal friction appears the maximum angle near a optimum moisture content in case of considering the cohesion.

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Geotechnical Properties of Soil-Bentonite Mixtures (흙-벤토나이트 혼합물의 지반공학적 특성)

  • 채교익;권무남
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.43 no.5
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    • pp.132-144
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    • 2001
  • Iln order to figure out criteria of bentonite for using as impervious material of waste landfill, laboratory experiments were performed to reveal the geotechnical properties of soil-bentonite mixtures such as compaction test, direct shear test, unconfined compression test, triaxial compression test, consolidation test and permeability test. The results of the study are summarized as follows ; 1. Based on the compaction test, optimum moisture content increased with the increase of bentonite content, but maximum dry density decreased. 2. In unconfined compression test, the maximum strength of the soil-bentonite mixtures appeared at 10% bentonite content. The correlation equation between stress($\sigma$) and strain($\varepsilon$) of the soil-bentonite mixtures is given by ; $\sigma=\frac{a\cdot\varepsilon}{\varepsilon^n+b}$ 3. In shear test of the mixtures. the shear strength showed an increasing trend with increase of bentonite content and the maximum shear strength appeared at 10% bentonite content. 4. In consolidation test, the coefficient of compressibility $(a_v)$$(m_v)$$(C_v)$

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An Estimating Method for Post-cyclic Strength and Stiffness of Eine-grained Soils in Direct Simple Shear Tests (직접단순전단시험을 이용한 동적이력 후 세립토의 강도 및 강성 예측법)

  • Song, Byung-Woong;Yasuhara, KaBuya;Murakami, Satoshi
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.15-26
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    • 2004
  • Based on an estimating method for post-cyclic strength and stiffness with cyclic triaxial tests proposed by one of the authors, cyclic Direct Simple Shear (DSS) tests were carried out to confirm whether the method can be adapted to DSS test on fine-grained soils: silty clay, plastic silt, and non-plastic silt. Results from cyclic and post-cyclic DSS tests were interpreted by a modified method as adopted for cyclic and post-cyclic triaxial tests. In particular, influence of plasticity index for fine-grained soils and initial static shear stress (ISSS) was emphasised. Findings obtained from the present study are: (i) liquefaction strength ratio of fine-grained soils decreases with decreasing plasticity index and increasing ISSS; (ii) plasticity index and ISSS did not markedly influence relation between equivalent cyclic stiffness and shear strain relations; (iii) the higher the plasticity index of fine-grained soils is, the less the strength ratio decreases with increment of a normalcies excess pore water pressure (NEPWP); (iv) stiffness ratio of plastic silt has large activity decrease rapidly with increasing excess pore water pressure; and (v) post-cyclic strength and stiffness results from DSS tests agree well with those predicted by the method modified from a procedure used for triaxial test results.

Effects of harsh environmental exposures on the bond capacity between concrete and GFRP reinforcing bars

  • Al-Tamimia, Adil;Abed, Farid H.;Al-Rahmani, Abdulla
    • Advances in concrete construction
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2014
  • This paper demonstrates an experimental study to evaluate the effects of environmental exposures on the bond between ribbed Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) reinforcing bars and concrete. The equation recommended by ACI 440-1R-06, for the bond stress,was evaluated in this study. A total of 16 pullout samples, 12with GFRP bars and 4with steel bars, were exposed to two different harsh environments for different periods of time. The exposed harsh environments included direct sun exposure and cyclic splash zone sea water. The variation in the shear (bond) strengths before and after exposure was considered as a measure of the durability of the bond between GFRP bars and concrete.Experimental results showed there is no significant difference of the bond strength between 60 and 90 days of exposures.It also showed that the empirical equation of the bond stress calculated by ACI 440-IR-06 is very conservative.

A Study of Bending Stress for the 3-D Chip Curl (3-D 칩 만곡의 굽힘응력에 관한 연구)

  • 윤주식;김우순;김경우;김동현
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 2000.05a
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    • pp.730-734
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    • 2000
  • Once the Chip has developed a mixed mode of side-curl and up-curl, it would generally curl to strike the too] flank. The development of the bending stresses and shear in the chip would ultimately lead to chip failure. This paper attacks this problem from a mechanics-based approach. by treating the chip as a 3-D elastic curved beam, and applying appropriate constraints and forces. The expressions for bending. shear and direct stresses are developed through an energy-based criterion. The location of the maximum stresses is also identified and explained for simulated test conditions.

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