• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.632-639
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• 2003

This paper proposes a simple compensation scheme for the time delay caused by measurement, calculation and selection of voltage vector in Direct Torque Control (DTC) of an induction motor. In general scheme, it is difficult to know the exact delay time, furthermore the delay time can be varied by program routines for calculation and processing of measured data. In this proposed scheme, by applying voltage vector at the beginning of next sampling period, a fixed delay time is achieved and its compensation becomes much simpler. Furthermore, with the simple compensation algorithm, an improved performance can be achieved by shortening sampling period. Experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed scheme in induction motor control.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1223-1231
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• 2018

The direct torque control (DTC) scheme features a simple structure thanks to stator flux-oriented control. It has the advantage of robustness against motor parameters variation since only the stator resistance is involved in the control scheme. On the other hand, the disadvantage of DTC is large torque ripple. To reduce the torque ripple, many studies on DTC-space vector modulation (DTC-SVM) schemes, which modulate the duty ratio with a fixed switching cycle, have been proposed. However, there is the difficulty in obtaining the duty ratio for DTC-SVM. Hence, this paper proposes a new duty ratio selection and stator flux calculation methods for reducing torque ripple. Simulations and experiments were carried out to determine the validity of the proposed method. The proposed scheme has simplified the duty ratio command and achieved the same control performance as the conventional duty ratio modulation method without using the information of motor parameters.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.179-180
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• 2020

In the budgeting guidelines, there are rules for calculating design fee and direct costs. However, only the design fee is calculated excluding the direct cost, which causes the cost to be insufficient. Therefore, this study is designed to analyze representative cases where direct costs are insufficient, draw out problems, and propose a way to improve design fees.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 진단용 X선 검사에서 환자에게 피폭되는 두부 및 사지를 다양한 선량 계산법을 통해 실측 선량과 비교 실험하였다. 또한 촬영 장비의 형태, 장비 설정조건, X선의 용량, X선관과 환자와의 거리, X선 후방산란차이 등을 고려한 새로운 계산 방법을 제시하여 피폭선량을 산출하였다. 그 결과 피부입사선량이 기존의 선량 계산법보다 실측과의 오차가 줄어들었으며, 환자가 피폭되는 선량을 쉽게 계산할 수 있었고 의료선량 평가가 이루어지게 되어 방사선 관련 종사자들의 의료 선량 관리가 더욱 수월해지는 계기가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1673-1674
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• 2005

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.300-309
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• 2002

본 논문은 H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC 비디오 코덱에서 쌍예측 픽쳐의 시간적 다이렉트 모드의 모션벡터를 유포하는 방법을 소개한다. 우선, 다이렉트 모드의 list 1 레퍼런스 픽쳐에 있는 동일 위치 블록에서의 시간적 다이렉트 모드의 모션벡터 유포를 위해 사용될 모션벡터 결정 방법과 상기 결정된 모션벡터가 가리키는 레퍼런스 픽쳐를 다이렉트 모드의 list 0 레퍼런스 픽쳐로 결정하는 방법을 제시한다. 또한 동일 위치의 매크로블록이 인트라 모드를 예측모드로 가지고 있을 때, 코딩 효율을 높이기 위한 방법으로써 레퍼런스 픽쳐 인덱스 및 다이렉트 모드의 모션벡터를 공간적으로 예측하는 기법을 제시한다. 그리고, 쌍예측 픽쳐 매크로블록과 다이렉트 모드의 list 1 레퍼런스 픽쳐에 있는 동일 위치 블록은 프레임 모드 또는 피일드 모드로 코딩이 이루어질 수 있으므로 4가지 경우에 대한 다이렉트 모드의 모션벡터 연산 방법을 소개한다. 마지막으로, 실험을 통한 공간적 다이렉트 모드와의 성능평가 결과를 보임으로써, 본 논문이 제시한 기법이 H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC의 시간적 다이렉트 모드에 적용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.484-493
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• 2006

Recently, direct load analysis using ship motion program is required to confirm structural safety for the Post-Panamax class large container carrier. However, there is no exact comparative study data for structural response between 20 and 30 wave load. So, in this paper, to compare the hull girder stress response between 20 versus 3D wave load calculation method, direct load analysis and global F.E analysis have been performed for three kinds of large container vessels using each 20 and 30 wave load calculation program. The results of 2D wave load RAO(Response Amplitude Operator) of each dominant load parameter(vertical, torsional and horizontal moment) are generally bigger than that of 30 results, especially in vertical wave bending moment. And the results of structural analysis based on the equivalent design wave method shows that there is a big difference in view of stress, but the stress distribution is very similar for each wave load case.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.551-558
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• 2020

기존 시험법은 암석시편의 절리면 직접전단시험시 겉보기 면적의 변화를 고려해야 한다고 명시하고 있다. 본 기술보고는 암석코어 시편의 절리면 직접전단시험시 겉보기 면적 계산방법을 제시하였다. 암석코어 시편의 초기 절리면을 타원으로 가정하고, 타원의 중첩면적 감소를 계산하는 수식을 정리하였다. 전단변위와 겉보기 면적을 정규화하면 타원형상에 관계없이 일정한 변화 비율을 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 암석코어 시편 전단시험을 위한 정규화 실험상수를 제안하여 일반화된 계산방법을 제안하였다. 그 방법을 실제 전단시험의 데이터에 적용하여 결과 변화값을 확인하고, 정확도에 대해 간략히 토의하였다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2012

Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) is the most important marker for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in NCEP-ATP III(National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III) guideline. Therefore, LDL cholesterol is pathologically meaningful, accurate measurement should be a top priority. Currently, LDLC is directly measured in most cases, but, the estimate is still used in mass health examination or screening test. This study is about the comparison of LDL-Cholesterol direct measurement with the estimate using various formula (Friedewald: [LDL-F=TC-HDL-TG/5], Nakajima: [LDL-N=TC-HDL-TG/4], Hattori: [LDL-H =0.94TC-0.94HDL-0.19TG], Puavilai: [LDL-P=TC-HDL-TG/6], Carvalho: [LDL-C=3(TC-HDL)/4]) for calculating more accurate value. We analyzed total cholesterol (TC), try-glyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and LDLC levels of 210 subjects between June and November in 2011. Until now, the Friedewald formula is the most commonly used estimate for the LDLC. When Friedewald formula was applied, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.940, showing high correlation. But, the result of the direct method was significantly different, compared with those of the Friedewald formula in triglyceride levels ${\geq}400mg/dL$(p<0.05). There was the highest correlation when we used LDL-P formula(r=0.947) in triglyceride levels <400 mg/dl. Also there was the lowest mean difference regardless of triglyceride level. Therefore, the study showed that TG/6 is more precise means of calculation than TG/5. On the other hand, the calculation of LDL-Cholesterol was underestimated, compared with direct measurement. It is necessary to have more data and modified Friedewald formula should be used for the accurate calculation.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2002

This paper demonstrates that the largest Lyapunov exponent λ of recurrent neural networks can be controlled efficiently by a stochastic gradient method. An essential core of the proposed method is a novel stochastic approximate formulation of the Lyapunov exponent λ as a function of the network parameters such as connection weights and thresholds of neural activation functions. By a gradient method, a direct calculation to minimize a square error (λ - λ$\^$obj/)$^2$, where λ$\^$obj/ is a desired exponent value, needs gradients collection through time which are given by a recursive calculation from past to present values. The collection is computationally expensive and causes unstable control of the exponent for networks with chaotic dynamics because of chaotic instability. The stochastic formulation derived in this paper gives us an approximation of the gradients collection in a fashion without the recursive calculation. This approximation can realize not only a faster calculation of the gradient, but also stable control for chaotic dynamics. Due to the non-recursive calculation. without respect to the time evolutions, the running times of this approximation grow only about as N$^2$ compared to as N$\^$5/T that is of the direct calculation method. It is also shown by simulation studies that the approximation is a robust formulation for the network size and that proposed method can control the chaos dynamics in recurrent neural networks efficiently.