• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.260-266
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to compare the general body measurements and shoulder shapes of Korean and American elderly women to supply basic data for the apparel design. The anthropometrics data was collected including both direct and indirect measurements of 283 women over the age of 55 in Korean and the American women. The statistical methods used for the analysis of measurement data are the T-test, Exploratory data analysis, ANOVA and Duncan-test respectively. The results of the T-test indicated that there is a significant difference in the 14 body measurement items except of waist circumference. The results of exploratory data analysis, an independent relationship between shoulder slope angle and forward shoulder roll of Korean women. On the other hand, there is a dependent relationship that the bigger shoulder slope and forward shoulder roll with wide cross back shoulder of American women. Comparison of mean among the three different age groups, aged 55~59 group shows significant differences in the value of difference between cross back shoulders and horizontal shoulder width. This finding indicates that the wide and forward roll shoulder needs to special pattern making like ease amount and curvature for fit and comfort for women's apparel.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.561-577
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• 2021

The ten standard roughness profiles suggested by Barton and Choubey (1977) were extended to make three-dimensional (3D) joint models whose profiles were identical at any cross section. Replicas of joint models were produced using plaster of Paris, and direct shear tests were performed to verify the joint roughness coefficients (JRC) of the standard roughness profiles. Joint shear strengths measured by direct shear tests were compared with those predicted by the shear failure criterion suggested by Barton (1973) based on JRC, joint compressive strength (JCS), and joint basic friction angle (𝜙_b). Shear strengths measured from joints of the first and fourth standard roughness profiles were close to predicted values; however, shear strengths measured from the other joint models were lower than predicted, the differences increasing as the roughness of joints increased. Back calculated values for JRC, JCS, and from the results of the direct shear tests show measured shear strengths were lower than predicted shear strengths because of the JRC values. New JRC were back calculated from the measured shear strength and named JRC_m. Values of JRC_m were lower than the JRC for the standard roughness profiles but show a strong linear relationship to JRC. Corrected JRC_m values for the standard roughness profiles are provided and revised relationships between JRC_m and JRC, and new shear strength criterion are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.39-51
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• 2014

This paper deals with design of a direct-coupled, small-scaled permanent magnet generator (PMG) for wind power application. First, this paper determines rated power and speed of the PMG from measured characteristics of wind turbines. Second, we derive analytical solutions for the open-circuit field in order to determine optimum magnet thickness and pole pitch/arc ratio. Third, on the basis of open circuit field solutions, stator magnetic circuit including slot opening, teeth width and yoke thickness is designed. And then, a diameter of stator coil which agree with a required current density is calculated, and its turns are determined from the area of slot considering winding packing factor. Finally, finite element (FE) method is employed in analyzing the details of the designed PMG and, test results such as back-emf measurements are given to confirm the design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.8 s.145
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• pp.1079-1091
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to point out the unification of the size of swimming headgear by measuring detailed measurement of head ferm and systematizes the head form. A total of 300 male and female Korean adults aged from 18 years old to 35 years old were measured through the direct measurement method. This study attempted to identify the head form of male and female adults using measurement data and the head form was classified through factor analysis and cluster analysis. (1) Based on the fact that this study especially focuses on the size of swimming headgear, factor analysis was performed far both direct measurements with hair and without hair. For the measurements with hair, seven factors were extracted. They were head thickness factor, head width factor, width of side head factor, height of back head factor, length of front head factor, circumference of front head factor, thickness of front head factor and head height factor. They explained the $70.95\%$ of the measurements. (2) The cluster analysis was executed to classify the somatotype of the korean head form on the basis of similarity. According to the cluster analysis result, the measurements with hair categorized types, 'Woman's long-hair type', 'Small type', 'Long and flat type', 'Large type'. (3) Head circumference B and Left tragion - Vertex - Right tragion circumference which are generally length and width in choosing swimming headgear size were selected as measurement items far size of swimming headgear. Direct measurements and sizes of four swimming headgear with different materials taking into account their elongation rate were also compared.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.301-306
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• 2023

Attention is a fundamental aspect in the cognitive process of human. Cognitive system of human body requires to focus on selected information among a vast amount of information from sensory organs. It has widely studied that various environmental factors affected the level of attention; however, few researches have aimed to the effect of direct cryotherapy. In this research, level of attention was studied comparing sub-indexes of FAIR test between groups with different duration of direct cryotheapy to the back of neck. FAIR test is a evaluation tool for visual attention consisting of three sub-indexes. Selective attention, accuracy of attention, and persistence of attention can be independently analyzed by FAIR test. In the analysis of selective attention, cryotherapy for 5 to 20 minutes showed higher result than cryotherapy for 40 minutes. In the analysis of persistence of attention, cryotherapy for 5 to 15 minutes showed higher result than cryotherapy for 40 minutes. Overall, selective attention and persistence of attention turns out to be maximized between 5 to 20 minutes of cryotherapy and tends to decrease afterwards. However, accuracy of attention does not seem to be affected by the duration of cryotherapy. Correlation between selective attention and the skin temperature by cryotherapy tends to be negative supporting the findings by ANOVA and post-hoc test. Correlation between persistence of attention and the skin temperature showed similar results.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.28-34
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• 1995

Behavior of underground structural systems is usually complicated because of various unknown parameters. In order to construct those structural systems safely and economically, exact identification of the system parameters and accurate analysis of the system behaviors are essentially required. In this study, a forward analysis program, which is able to eliminate numerical errors due to far field boundary effect, is developed by coupling finite and boundary elements. In this coupled analysis, boundary elements are used in the semi-infinite domain where stress variation is small, and finite elements in the stress concentration region where material nonlinearity should be considered. Then, a back analysis program which can identify the system parameters is developed using the direct method to be combined with the forward analysis program. The elastic modulus and initial stress, which are most important in the description of the behavior of underground structures, are taken as the system parameters. A simple example is examined 0 show that the method can be used effectively.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.213-223
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• 2004

In the machine tool industry, direct drive linear motor technology is of increasing interest as a means to achieve high acceleration, and to increase reliability. The advantages of such a motor are that it has a good linearity and has no need of such mechanical energy conversion parts, which change rotary motion into linear motion, as screws, gears, chains etc In this paper, two structures of LOA are analyzed. One is the moving-coil type LOA and the other is moving-magnet type LOA. Two types of LOA are analyzed, with reference to the following parameters as variables: magnetic field, flux linkage, motor thrust and back emf. These variables are derived by the use of analytical method in terms of two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system. The maximum values of thrust according to such design parameters as air-gap length and magnet height for each model is also represented. The results are validated extensively by comparison with finite element method. In particular, we experiment moving-coil LOA which is already manufactured and confirm that the experimental results are shown in good agreement with analysis through the comparison of between analytical and experimental results

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.789-796
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• 2000

This paper deals with magnetic field and characteristic analysis for ring type slotless synchronous motors by using analytical method. Since magnetic air-gap in the slotless motors is much larger than mechanical air-gap, it is necessary to analyze the magnetic flux distribution at the whole magnetic airgap region. therefore, this paper analyzes the duplicated magnetic field derived by both Permanent Magnet(PM) and armature current and estimates the back electromotive force and torque characteristic by subdividing the conductor region. The analysis results are verified by comparing with Finite Element Analysis(FEA) results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.251-262
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• 2007

This paper examines the application of artificial neural networks (ANN) to the response prediction of geometrically nonlinear truss structures. Two types of analysis (deterministic and probabilistic analyses) are considered. A three-layer feed-forward backpropagation network with three input nodes, five hidden layer nodes and two output nodes is firstly developed for the deterministic response analysis. Then a back propagation training algorithm with Bayesian regularization is used to train the network. The trained network is then successfully combined with a direct Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to perform a probabilistic response analysis of geometrically nonlinear truss structures. Finally, the proposed ANN is applied to predict the response of a geometrically nonlinear truss structure. It is found that the proposed ANN is very efficient and reasonable in predicting the response of geometrically nonlinear truss structures.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.189-198
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• 1998

Recently, monitoring of tool life is a matter of common interesting because tool life affects precision, productivity and cost in machining process. Especially flank wear has a direct effect on cutting mechanism, so the various pattern of cutting force is obtained experimentally according to variation of wear condition. By investigating cutting force signal, AR(Autoregressive) modeling and correlation dimension analysis is conducted in turning operation. In this modeling and analysis, we extract features through 6th AR model, correlation integral and normalized correlation integral. After the back-propagation model of the neural network is utilized to monitor tool life according to flank wear. As a result. a very reliable classification of tool life was obtained.