• Title/Summary/Keyword: Direct age process

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Effect of Adolescents' Perceived Parental Blame on Learned Helplessness: The Sequential Mediating Effects of Maladaptive Metacognitive Beliefs and Rumination (청소년이 지각한 부모의 비난이 학습된 무기력에 미치는 영향에서 역기능적 메타인지신념과 반추의 순차적 매개효과)

  • Jiyoon Kang;Min Ju Kang
    • Human Ecology Research
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    • v.62 no.1
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    • pp.101-120
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    • 2024
  • This study aimed to examine the effect of adolescents' perceived parental blame (criticism) on learned helplessness and to examine whether maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and rumination sequentially mediate the relationship between parental blame and learned helplessness. The participants were 316 adolescents (Mean age=16.7, SD=0.75; 137 male, 179 female) attending grades 1st and 2nd in high school in South Korea. The participants were selected using a snowball sampling method, while the data was collected via an online self-report questionnaire. This survey was completed by the participants and analyzed using SPSS 28.0, Amos 26.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY), and PROCESS macro version 4.2 (Model 6; Hayes, 2022). The main results are summarized as follows. Firstly, the adolescents' perceived paternal and maternal blame indicated significant direct effects on learned helplessness. Secondly, rumination mediated the effect of paternal and maternal blame on learned helplessness. Lastly, paternal and maternal blame significantly affected learned helplessness through the sequential mediating effects of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and rumination. This study elucidates the causal structure among the various factors influencing learned helplessness in adolescents, focusing on parental blame, maladaptive metacognitive beliefs, and rumination. Furthermore, considering the verified sequential mediating effects of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and rumination in the relationship between adolescents' perceived parental blame and learned helplessness, these findings suggest that modifying maladaptive metacognitive beliefs may help to reduce learned helplessness among adolescents who perceive high levels of parental blame.

An Analysis on Site, Soil and Cultivation Characteristics of Korean Mountain Cultivated Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Field (산양삼 재배지의 입지, 토양 및 재배특성 분석)

  • Kwon, Su-Deok;Kang, Jeong-Hee;Yoon, Jun-Hyuck;Moon, Hyun-Shik
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.81-88
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    • 2011
  • This study was carried out to provide basic information for standard cultivation guideline of Korean mountain cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng). Environmental conditions, soil properties, growth process, cultivation methods and sowing timing were investigated in cultivations of Korean mountain cultivated ginseng in Korea (18 region in 9 province). Most of Korean mountain cultivated ginseng was cultivated to north, north-east, east or north-west direction in broad-leaved forest, IV age group, and 500~1,000 trees/ha. Elevation was below 500 m and slope was below $25^{\circ}$ in cultivation. There were significant differences in soil properties by region and cultivation based on organic matter (3.43~24.07%) and pH level (3.8~5.7). Sprouting, leaf unfolding, flowering, fruiting, red ripening, fruit drop and leaf drop of Korean mountain cultivated ginseng was investigated in cultivation. The results show that it took 98 days on average for the whole growth process. There were two methods, sowing and transplant for cultivation. Sowing methods were classified in sowing after opening-testa treatment and direct sowing. and it was 70% and 30%, respectively.

Christian Teachers in Tense Situation: Performative Dialogue Stimulating Normative Professionalism (긴장의 시대 속에서 규범적 전문주의를 촉진하는 기독교교사의 수행적 대화에 관한 연구)

  • Avest, K.H. (Ina) ter
    • Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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    • v.61
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    • pp.9-35
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    • 2020
  • In the second half of the previous century the composition of the teacher population - and the composition of the pupil and parent population - in the Netherlands gives rise to the name change 'age of secularisation' to 'age of pluralisation'. In previous centuries the (religious or secular) worldview identity of the parents and the educational philosophy of the school were attuned to each other, and merged into a mono-cultural perspective on the identity development of pupils. The basis for both - the upbringing by the parents and the socialisation in the family on the one hand, and the teachers' efforts to enculturate the students at the school on the other - was a similar life orientation. The school choice of the parents was predetermined by their commitment to a particular (religious) worldview, very often inspired by Christianity. The religious identity of their children developed in a clear-cut context. However, in contemporary society plurality dominates, at home and at the school, both in case of the parents and the teachers. A direct relationship with a community of like-minded believers is no longer decisive for parents with varying cultural and religious backgrounds. Instead, a good feeling upon entering the schoolyard or the school building is a convincing argument in the process of school choice. The professional identity development of teachers and the religious identity development of children takes place in a plural context. Our question is: what does this mean for the normative professionalism of the teacher? To answer this research question we make use of the resources of the Dialogical Self Theory (DST) with its core concepts of 'voice' and 'positioning'. After presenting the Dutch dual education system (with public and denominational schools) we provide a lively description of a Dutch classroom situation occurring in a public school, as viewed from the perspective of the teacher. The focus in this description is on performative dialogue as a 'disruptive moment' and on its potential for the hyphenated religious identity development of teachers, which makes up a part of their normative professionalism.

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Illusionism and Enlightment of the Magic Lantern Images - On the Scientific and Technological Development of the pre-modern optical instrument, Magic Lantern and the Transition of Its Images - (마술환등 영상의 환상성과 계몽성 근대 영상기구 마술환등의 과학기술적 발전과 영상문화의 변화)

  • LEE, Sang-Myon
    • Korean Association for Visual Culture
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    • v.17
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    • pp.65-92
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    • 2011
  • This thesis investigates the complex functions of the magic lantern in illusionism and enlightment which was the most popular visual media and the direct ancestor of cinema. Especially, the thesis focuses on the characteristics of magic lantern's images which had been varied with the scientific and technological development. During the early period of the magic lantern, from the late 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century, it frightened viewers by showing magic images with ghosts and spectres, 'phantasmagoria', and wondered with images of natural catastropes and interesting stories like fables and fairy tales, which fulfilled the entertainment function. Since the mid 19th century the magic lantern began to show not only pictures of the 'scientific themes' on the earth, nature and human, but also them of the ethnological on the far, exotic worlds like Africa, Amazon and Syberia etc. from the European perspective. These contents conducted the educative function and contributed to the process of Enlightment to the peoples in the pre-modern age. The two functions of the magic lantern such as entertainment and education had been neither historically followed, nor clearly divided, but the one was predominant according to the development of lantern techniques as well as the changes of the world view and the culture of the time. The entertainment function of the magic lantern based on the visual fantacy did exist in the late 19th century further, and also in the late industrial society, even in the age of highly developed science and technology, viewers want rather 're-enchantment' by illusionism than facts and truths on the reality. This is an essential characteristic of the moving image media, as it had already been presented in the images of the magic lantern.

The Effects of Emotional & Social Preparation for Aging on Successful Aging of the Elderly with Disability & Mediating Effects of Social Support (정서사회적 노후준비가 장애노인의 성공적 노화에 미치는 영향과 사회적 지지의 매개효과)

  • Song, Kee-Young
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.18 no.7
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    • pp.194-206
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this research is to take a look at the factors that influence the successful aging of the elderly with disability as the aging population grows. For this purpose, psychological and social concepts were defined for successful aging of the elderly with disability. It was also verified that the effects of emotional & social preparation for aging on successful aging of the elderly with disability and mediating effects of social support. The subjects of this study are 506 elderly people with disability who are over the age of 50. They were originally extracted from the 4th main survey and 3rd, 4th additional survey of Korean Retirement and Income Study. For data analysis purposes, SPSS 23.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro v2.16 were used. The results of this study are as followed. Firstly, emotional & social preparation for aging turned out to have a significant direct influence on successful aging the elderly with disability. Secondly, emotional & social preparation for aging has a indirect effect on successful aging through social support. On the basis of the results, this study provided the social welfare policy and practical suggestions to enhance the preparation for aging and social support.

Relationships Among Self-Concept, Perception of Aging, and Physical Aging (노인의 자아개념, 노화에 대한 지각 및 신체노화와의 관계 연구)

  • 이영희;김문실;최영희
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.269-280
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    • 1988
  • Although everyone grows old, perception about the aging process and aging as measured physiologically vary widely. Perecptions of aging have psychologically influence on physical aging. This study was to examine the relationships between, self-concept, perception of aging, and physical aging in the elderly and to contribute to the theory development which may direct nursing intervention to promote well-being of the aged. Subjects were 70 women residents of a nursing home for the elderly in Seoul. Data collection was done from May 15 to June 15, 1988 using interview schedules and mechanical instruments. The instruments were selected items from the Health Self Concept Scale developed by Jacox and Stewart for self concept, and Secord and Jourad's Body Cathexis Scale and Osgood's Semantic Differential Scale for perception of aging. Physical aging was measured by mechanical instruments, inspection, questions, and palpation. The data were analysed for mean, 1-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient using an S.P.S.S computerized program. The results of the analysis were as follows. 1. The mean level of self concept for the subject group was 16.97(SD=$\pm$6.17)in a range from 6-30. The mean level of perception of aging was 39.6. (SD=$\pm$6.51) in a range from 13-65. The mean level of physical aging was 14.09(SD=$\pm$2.05)in a range from 8-40. 2. Relationships among self - concept, perception of aging, and physical aging. 1) There was a positive relationship between self-concept and perception of aging(r=0.4461, p=0.000). 2) There was a negative relationship between physical aging and perception of aging(r=-0.2975, p=0.006). 3) There was a tendancy toward a negative relationship between physical aging and self -concept, but not a significant relationship (r=-0.1033, p=0.197). 3. 1) No general charcteristic variables were related to self concept. 2) The general characteristic variable related to the level of perception of aging was religion (t=4. 17, p=0.001). 3) The general characteristic variable related to the level of physical aging was age (F=12.008, p=0.000). There was a significant relationship between self - cencept and perception of aging, and between physical aging and perception of aging. Therefore nursing intervention should focus on promoting a positive perception of aging and strengthening self- concept during the physical aging process.

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The Effects of Cognitive Reserve on Adult's Cognitive Function -Focusing on the Multiple Mediation Effect- (성인의 인지예비능이 인지기능에 미치는 영향 -우울, 주관적 기억감퇴 및 삶의 질의 다중매개효과를 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Ji-Hyun;Chung, Min-Jung
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.9
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    • pp.358-372
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    • 2020
  • This study examined the effect of cognitive reserve on the cognitive function in adults. In addition, this study investigated the direct and indirect effects of factors, such as subjective memory decline, depression, and quality of life on the cognitive function. The participants consisted of 253 adults who were 40 to 80 years of age. The assessment tools included the cognitive function scale, depression scale, quality of life scale, subjective memory decline, and cognitive reserve scale. The data results were analyzed using SPSS 25.0, and PROCESS macro for SPSS Version 3.3 and bootstrapping were used. The results of multiple mediating of the cognitive reserve and cognitive function in adults did not have a mediating effect in depression and subjective memory decline, and the quality of life showed a complete mediating effect in the relationship between the cognitive reserve and subjective cognitive function. Based on the results of this study, adults must accumulate cognitive reserve continuously through various activities and continuous training so that the cognitive function can lead to a positive direction. Nevertheless, more studies on cognitive reserve and cognitive function in healthy adults are needed.

The Effects of Emotional & Social Preparation for Aging on Successful Aging & Mediating Effects of Social Support (정사사회적 노후준비가 성공적 노화에 미치는 영향과 사회적 지지의 매개효과)

  • SONG, Keeyoung
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.47-56
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this research is to take a look at the factors that influence the successful aging as the aging population grows. For this purpose, psychological and social concepts were defined for successful aging of the elderly with disability. It was also verified that the effects of emotional & social preparation for aging on successful aging and mediating effects of social support. The subjects of this study are 3,910 who are over the age of 65. They were originally extracted from the 4th main survey and 3rd, 4th additional survey of Korean Retirement and Income Study. For data analysis purposes, SPSS 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro v2.16 were used. The results of this study are as followed. Firstly, emotional & social preparation for aging turned out to have a significant direct influence on successful aging. Secondly, emotional & social preparation for aging has a indirect effect on successful aging through social support. On the basis of the results, this study provided the social welfare policy and practical suggestions to enhance the preparation for aging and social support.

A Study about Development of Environment Printing Technology and $CO_2$ (환경 인쇄 기술의 발전과 인쇄물의 $CO_2$ 발생량에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Mun-Hag
    • Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.89-114
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    • 2012
  • For as to world, the concern about the environment problem is enhanced than any other time in the past because of being 21 century. And the environment problem is highlighted as the world-wide issue. The time of the environment problem intimidates the alive of the mankind and presence of an earth over the time. It becomes the essentiality not being selection in the personal living or the economical viewpoint now to prepare for the climatic modification. As to the company management, the green growth period which it excludes the environment management considering an environment, cannot carry on the company the continued management comes. That is, in the change center of the management paradigm, there is the environment management. Nearly, the greenhouse gas which the publication industry is the environmental toxic material like all industries is generated. The greenhouse gas is ejected in the process of running the manufacturing process and print shop of the various kinds material used as the raw material of the book. Particularly, the tree felling for getting the material of the paper is known to reach the direct influence on the global warming. This study does according to an object it considers and organizes the environment parameter based on this kind of fact as to the publication industry. And it is determined as the reference which is used as the basic materials preparing the case that carbon exhaust right transaction(CAP and TRADE) drawing are enforced in all industries and is sustainable the management of the publication industry and reduces the environmental risk among the company many risk management elements and plans and enforces the publication related policy that there is a value. In the printing publication industry, this study tried to inquire into elements discharging the environmental pollutant or the greenhouse gas. Additionally, in the printed publication production process, it tried to inquire into the effort for an environment-friendly and necessity at the printing paper and the printers ink, regarded as the element discharging the greenhouse gas all kinds of the printing materials, operation of the print shop and all kinds of the machines and recycle process, and etc. These considerations make these industrial field employees aware of the significance about a conservation and environmental protection. They try to give a help in the subsequent study producing quantitatively each environmental parameter emission of green house gas. This makes the calculation of the relative $CO_2$ output reproached ultimately possible. Meanwhile, in a sense, many research protects and improving an environment in connection with the contents of research at the printing publication industrial field is in progress. There will be the voluntary human face that it has to protect an environment but this can not do by the outside factor according to all kinds of environment related law and regulation. Anyway, because of acting on company management as the factor of oppression, the increase of this environment-related correspondence cost could know that the research that the environment loading relates with a procurement and development, environment management system introduction, quality control standard, including, normalizing including a material, and etc. through the part of the effort to reduce the cost low was actively in progress. As to the green growth era, as follows, this paper prescribed the subject and alternative of the print publication industry. It is surrounded by the firstly new digital environment and the generation of the subject. And secondly the printing industry is caused by the point of time when the green growth leaves by the topic which is largest in the global industry and it increases. The printing publication industry has to prepare the bridgehead for the environment-friendly green growth as the alternative for this resolution with first. The support blown in each industry becomes the obligation not being selection. Prestek in which the print publishing was exposed to spend many energies and which is known as the practice of the sustainable print publishing insisted that it mentioned importance of the green printing through the white pages in 2008 and a company had to be the green growth comprised through the environment-friendly activity. The core management for the sustainable printing publication industry presented from Presstack white pages is compacted to 4 words that it is a remove, reduce, recover, and recycle. Second, positively the digital printing(POD) system should be utilized. In the worldwide print out market, the digital printing area stops at the level of 10% or so but the change over and growth of the market of an analog-to-digital will increase rapidly in the future. As to the CEO Jeff Hayes of the Infoland, the offset print referred to that it of the traditional method got old and infirm with the minor phase of the new printing application like the customer to be wanted publication and the print of the digital method led the market. In conclusion, print publishers have to grasp well the market flow in the situation where a digitalization cannot be generalized and a support cannot avoid. And it keeps pace with the flow of the digital age and the recognition about the effort for the development and environment problem have to be raised. Particularly, the active green strategy is employed for the active green strategy.

Analysis on the Characteyistics of Consumer′s Consumption Types of Environmently Friendly Agricultural Products (친환경 농산물 소비자의 소비행태에 관한 특성분석)

  • Bae Sung Eui;Yoon Jun Sang;Lee Jong Sang;Kim Chang Ho;Yoon Gil Sun
    • The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.149-163
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study is to present a plan to activate the production and consumption of environmently friendly agricultural products through an analysis on the understanding degree, the level and inclination of consumption, the satisfaction degree of consumption, and the comprehension degree of production and circulation process of the environmently friendly agricultural products. 1 reviewed the literature and did survey In this study. The results are as follows : (1) As a result of an analysis on the understanding degree of the environmently friendly agricultural products, it is shown to get 6.37 points out of 10 and also, there is a difference between age, educational background, and income level. (2) In the case of research on the method to distinguish the environmently friendly agricultural products from others, it is proved that consumers have a strong faith on quality guarantee marks and there is a difference between gender, income level, and consumption period. (3) It is also shown that consumers purchase environmently friendly agricultural products for the family member's health in the survey on the motivation for purchasing them. And also, there is a difference between men and women. (4) The result of the survey on the consumption scale of the environmently friendly agricultural products shows that 94 people(60.3%) spend more than 50% of their gloss foodstuffs cost purchasing them and 20 people(12.8%) spend 30-50%. (5) In the survey on the amount and the frequency of the purchasing items of the envirounently friendly agricultural products, respondents count livestock products mostly in amount while point out main cereals and a kinds of soy and pastes in frequency. (6) Consumers ask that the price of environmently friendly agricultural products is a little expensive or reasonable and there is no differences between individual groups. (7) In the case of the purchase of foreign environmently friendly agricultural products, there are more people who want to purchase domestic ones than those who want foreign ones. Therefore, it is shown that environmently friendly agricultural products have a counterpower after the market-open to import. (8) As a result of the analysis on the quality of environmently friendly agricultural products, it is proved that they have better quality than general agricultural products and also, it is found out that women feel larger differences than men in quality. (9) In the analysis on the satisfaction degree of the environmently friendly agricultural products, it is proved that respondents trust the safety and nutrition of them whereas they are not satisfied with the external shape of them. (10) It is analyzed that tile conversion of consumer's consciousness is the most critical factor for development of environmently friendly agriculture. (11) The factors to activate the consumption of environmently friendly agricultural products are proved in order of the enlargement of direct transaction, the conversion of consumer's consciousness, the easiness of purchase, activating consumers'unions, and publicity.

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