• Title/Summary/Keyword: Direct Cinema

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Semiotic Approach to the Representation Process of Time in Cinema (영화의 시간성 표현을 위한 기호학적 모델의 제언 -들뢰즈 "운동-이미지"의 기호화 과정을 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Byoung-Sun
    • Korean journal of communication and information
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    • v.26
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    • pp.7-44
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    • 2004
  • This paper proposed semiotic model to explain representation process of time in cinema. Limitations of cinematic narratology which explain representation process of time in cinema were indicated, then alternative explanations of Deleuzian philosophy of cinema were proposed. After discussion about articulations of cinematic code, Deleuzian concept of movement-image was suggested as semiotic minimal unit of cinema. In cinema, Movement-image is divided two different aspects ; "normal movement-image" and "abnormal movement-image". Therefore, two different semiotic representation process of time was reconstructed in accordance with Peircean semiosis theory. In this two different semiotic process, modern cinema emphasize the direct representation process of time with "abnormal movement-image". As Deleuze indicated, The "time-image" is presented in this semiotic process. The "time-image" makes it possible to consider "time itself" as philosophical fact which is laid between reality and cinema, This semiotic process more emphasizes pure expressionality than representationality. Deleuzian philosophical journey through cinema was started in this point.

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Documentary Narrative Strategies by Platform: Focusing on (플랫폼에 따른 다큐멘터리 서사전략 연구: 를 중심으로)

  • Kwon, Sang-Jung;Chang, Woo-Jin
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.949-960
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    • 2021
  • Documentaries based on facts not only contain the spirit of that era but have been transformed in various ways according to changes in technologies and media. This study analyzed under the premise that the original documentary of YouTube plays a role in representing the characteristics of the medium. YouTube's original documentary is released on YouTube and then re-edited and released as a documentary film, and has the same shooting source, and is edited and described differently depending on whether it is a YouTube or a movie. This is the content that can confirm the media differences between YouTube documentary and documentary film. The cinema version shows the difference in that the narrative is developed using third-person narration and subtitles, mainly for handheld shooting and smooth editing, and the YouTube version is developing the narrative centering on audio-centric rough editing, interviews and background music. Through this, it can be seen that the YouTube version reinforces intimacy through a personal and direct expression method, while the cinema version reinforces objectivity through an official and indirect expression method.

A Study on the Early Era of Korean Human Documentary: an Analysis of Norbert Weber's (초창기 한국 휴먼다큐멘터리의 시대적 분석 연구 -노르베르트 베버 총아쁘스의 <고요한 아침의 나라에서>를 중심으로-)

  • Hahm, Hyun
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.55-60
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this paper aim to figure in contemporary human documentary as a cultural aspect of daily life in the era of 1920s in Korea. The significant of documentary exams the record and social-oriented representation methods of important essay of works. The result of an analysis of Norbert Weber's with historical figure of modern Korea society given the appearance of a human observer ever put out a human form of the documentary format in accordance with the configuration of visual narrative and the structure of the recipient to implement the symbolic value of belief. And, the result of the technical expression of the various frame works with the configuration of the reality of importance of human values and describe the experiences of being analyzed.

A Study on the Formative Process of Genre and Storytelling in Observation Entertainment Programs - Focusing on the Role of Observer (관찰 예능의 장르화 과정과 스토리텔링 연구 -관찰자의 역할을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Hyun-Joong
    • Journal of Popular Narrative
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.217-245
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    • 2019
  • Recently, the interest among Korean broadcasters in the 'observation entertainment' genre has intensified. This study aims to analyze the genre and storytelling of observation entertainment programming from a narratological perspective. The origin of the Korean observation entertainment program began with the 'reality-variety show'. There was a 'real-life' debate in these reality-variety shows, and as an alternative, the observation entertainment program appeared. Documentary filming, omnibus composition, and spatialization of 'everyday' life have led to the recognition of observation entertainment as a single genre. In particular, 'observers' have become a key factor in the observation entertainment program. The subject of the program is determined by who the observer is. The variability of the program format is the same. The observer looks at the observation target on behalf of the viewer. At the same time, he or she serves as a narrator of the program. The observer functions as the most influential factor in the storytelling of the observation entertainment program. In the observation entertainment program, 'observation' is only a form. It is the observer who creates a narrative within this same format to make the difference between each program. Also, voyeurism has been considered a problem in reality shows such as observation entertainment programs. However, the form communicated by observers is not a direct peek, so much of the problem of voyeurism is mitigated. Such observation entertainment programs analyzed through observers are meaningful in that they make people understand the cultural meaning of "reality" in TV and the storytelling of contemporary Korean TV entertainment.

A Study on the Heat Release Characteristics of Fire Load for Performance Based Design of Multiplexes: A Focus on the Heat Release Rate and Fire Spread Rate of Cinema Seats (복합영상관의 성능위주설계를 위한 가연물의 연소발열특성 연구: 객석의자의 열발생률 및 연소확산속도를 중심으로)

  • Nam, Dong-Gun;Jang, Hyo-Yeon;Hwang, Cheol-Hong;Lim, Ohk-Kun
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.11-17
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    • 2020
  • As performance-based design (PBD) has a direct impact on evacuation safety assessments, designing fire scenarios based on real fire tests is essential. To improve the reliability of the PBD for fire safety in multiplexes, information on fire behavior, such as heat release rate (HRR) and fire spread rate, are provided in this study by conducting a standard fabric flammability test. To this end, several chairs were arranged in a pattern that resembled a theater-style seating. The peak HRR and heating value per unit mass for each chair ranged from 415 kW to 988 kW and 15.2 MJ/kg to 23.8 MJ/kg, respectively. The heating values per unit mass of the new and old chairs were 23.6 MJ/kg and 16.7 MJ/kg, respectively. As the quantity of plastic and cushioning materials in the new chairs was more than that of the old ones, the new chairs were more vulnerable to fire hazards. Furthermore, when the chairs were arranged in a line, the fire spread rate was observed to be 0.39-0.42 m/min, regardless of the ignition location. Finally, a fire growth curve showing the peak HRR and fire spread rate was also demonstrated.

Illusionism and Enlightment of the Magic Lantern Images - On the Scientific and Technological Development of the pre-modern optical instrument, Magic Lantern and the Transition of Its Images - (마술환등 영상의 환상성과 계몽성 근대 영상기구 마술환등의 과학기술적 발전과 영상문화의 변화)

  • LEE, Sang-Myon
    • Korean Association for Visual Culture
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    • v.17
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    • pp.65-92
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    • 2011
  • This thesis investigates the complex functions of the magic lantern in illusionism and enlightment which was the most popular visual media and the direct ancestor of cinema. Especially, the thesis focuses on the characteristics of magic lantern's images which had been varied with the scientific and technological development. During the early period of the magic lantern, from the late 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century, it frightened viewers by showing magic images with ghosts and spectres, 'phantasmagoria', and wondered with images of natural catastropes and interesting stories like fables and fairy tales, which fulfilled the entertainment function. Since the mid 19th century the magic lantern began to show not only pictures of the 'scientific themes' on the earth, nature and human, but also them of the ethnological on the far, exotic worlds like Africa, Amazon and Syberia etc. from the European perspective. These contents conducted the educative function and contributed to the process of Enlightment to the peoples in the pre-modern age. The two functions of the magic lantern such as entertainment and education had been neither historically followed, nor clearly divided, but the one was predominant according to the development of lantern techniques as well as the changes of the world view and the culture of the time. The entertainment function of the magic lantern based on the visual fantacy did exist in the late 19th century further, and also in the late industrial society, even in the age of highly developed science and technology, viewers want rather 're-enchantment' by illusionism than facts and truths on the reality. This is an essential characteristic of the moving image media, as it had already been presented in the images of the magic lantern.

A Study on Interpreting People's Enjoyment under Cherry Blossom in Modern Times (벚꽃을 통해 본 근대 행락문화의 해석)

  • Kim, Hai Gyoung
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.124-136
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    • 2011
  • In landscape architecture, plants play an important role in realizing the intention of the architect and user- behavior as well as an ecology and appearance of the space for them. However, it is true that many researches have focused on ecological characteristics of plants, their cultivation environment and symbolic meanings in traditional terms, while relatively few for the analysis of the aspects of each period through plants. For this, cherry trees that we often see around are selected and their introduction, propagation, development and symbolism from the view of chronicle are studied and the results are followings; Firstly, three-year seedlings of 1,500 pieces of cherry tree from Osaka and Tokyo were planted for the first time in Oieseongdae, Namsan Park, Seoul. Since then, they had been widely planted at traditional sites, modern parks, newly-constructed roads for street trees, and for this, the Japanese Government-General of Chosun had actively supported by its direct cultivation and selling of cherry trees. The spread of cherry trees planted raised the question of whether or not Prunus yedoensis is originated from Jeju Island. Secondly, such massive and artificial planting of them had become attractions over the time and mass media at that time also had actively promoted it. And such trend made the day and night picnic under the cherry blossoms one of the most representative cultures of enjoying spring in Seoul. Thirdly, although general people enjoyed cherry blossoms, but they had dual view and attitude for cherry trees, which were well expressed in their use of them: for example, cherry blossoms, aeng and sakura were used altogether for same meaning, but night aeng or night picnic under cherry blossoms were especially used instead of yojakura when mentioning just pleasure, which meant some saw night enjoying cherry blossoms a low culture. Fourth, symbolic space of Chosun had been transformed into the space for enjoyment and consumption. Anyone who paid entrance fee could enjoy performance of revugirl, cinema and entertainment along with enjoying cherry blossoms. The still-existing strict differentiation of enjoyment culture by social status, class and ethnicity was dismantled from that trend and brought about a kind of disorder. From this, we could find that cherry blossoms had made a great contribution to the change of traditional enjoyment culture over the Japanese colonial period and become a popular spring enjoyment.

The Influence of Store Environment on Service Brand Personality and Repurchase Intention (점포의 물리적 환경이 서비스 브랜드 개성과 재구매의도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyoung-Gil;Kim, Jung-Hee;Kim, Youn-Jeong
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.141-173
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    • 2007
  • The study examines how the environmental factors of store influence service brand personality and repurchase intention in the service environment. The service industry has been experiencing the intensified competition with the industry's continuous growth and the influence from rapid technological advancement. Under the circumstances, it has become ever more important for the brand competitiveness to be distinctively recognized against competition. A brand needs to be distinguished and differentiated from competing companies because they are all engaged in the similar environment of the service industry. The differentiation of brand achievement has become increasingly important to highlight certain brand functions to include emotional, self-expressive, and symbolic functions since the importance of such functions has been further emphasized in promoting consumption activities. That is the recent role of brand personality that has been emphasized in the service industry. In other words, customers now freely and actively express their personalities or egos in consumption activities, taking an important role in construction of a brand asset. Hence, the study suggests that it is necessary to disperse the recognition and acknowledgement that the maintenance of the existing customers contributes more to boost repurchase intention when it is compared to the efforts to create new customers, particularly in the service industry. Meanwhile, the store itself can offer a unique environment that may influence the consumer's purchase decision. Consumers interact with store environments in the process of,virtually, all household purchase they make (Sarel 1981). Thus, store environments may encourage customers to purchase. The roles that store environments play are to provide informational cues to customers about the store and goods and communicate messages to stimulate consumers' emotions. The store environments differentiate the store from competing stores and build a unique service brand personality. However, the existing studies related to brand in the service industry mostly concentrated on the relationship between the quality of service and customer satisfaction, and they are mostly generalized while the connective studies focused on brand personality. Such approaches show limitations and are insufficient to investigate on the relationship between store environment and brand personality in the service industry. Accordingly, the study intends to identify the level of contribution to the establishment of brand personality made by the store's physical environments that influence on the specific brand characteristics depending on the type of service. The study also intends to identify what kind of relationships with brand personality exists with brand personality while being influenced by store environments. In addition, the study intends to make meaningful suggestions to better direct marketing efforts by identifying whether a brand personality makes a positive influence to induce an intention for repurchase. For this study, the service industry is classified into four categories based on to the characteristics of service: experimental-emotional service, emotional -credible service, credible-functional service, and functional-experimental service. The type of business with the most frequent customer contact is determined for each service type and the enterprise with the highest brand value in each service sector based on the report made by the Korea Management Association. They are designated as the representative of each category. The selected representatives are a fast-food store (experimental-emotional service), a cinema house (emotional-credible service), a bank (credible-functional service), and discount store (functional-experimental service). The survey was conducted for the four selected brands to represent each service category among consumers who are experienced users of the designated stores in Seoul Metropolitan City and Gyeonggi province via written questionnaires in order to verify the suggested assumptions in the study. In particular, the survey adopted 15 scales, which represent each characteristic factor, among the 42 unique characteristics developed by Jennifer Aaker(1997) to assess the brand personality of each service brand. SPSS for Windows Release 12.0 and LISREL were used in the analysis of data verification. The methodology of the structural equation model was used for the study and the pivotal findings are as follows. 1) The environmental factors ware classified as design factors, ambient factors, and social factors. Therefore, the validity of measurement scale of Baker et al. (1994) was proved. 2) The service brand personalities were subdivided as sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, and ruggedness, which makes the use of the brand personality scales by Jennifer Aaker(1997) appropriate in the service industry as well. 3) One-way ANOVA analysis on the scales of store environment and service brand personality showed that there exist statistically significant differences in each service category. For example, the social factors were highest in discount stores, while the ambient factors and design factors were highest in fast-food stores. The discount stores were highest in the sincerity and excitement, while the highest point for banks was in the competence and ruggedness, and the highest point for fast-food stores was in the sophistication, The consumers will make a different respond to the physical environment of stores and service brand personality that are inherent to the corresponding service interface. Hence, the customers will make a different decision-making when dealing with different service categories. In this aspect, the relationships of variables in the proposed hypothesis appear to work in a different way depending on the exposed service category. 4) The store environment factors influenced on service brand personalities differently by category of service. The factors of store's physical environment are transferred to a brand and were verified to strengthen service brand personalities. In particular, the level of influence on the service brand personality by physical environment differs depending on service category or dimension, which indicates that there is a need to apply a different style of management to a different service category or dimension. It signifies that there needs to be a brand strategy established in order to positively influence the relationship with consumers by utilizing an appropriate brand personality factor depending on different characteristics by service category or dimension. 5) The service brand personalities influenced on the repurchase intention. Especially, the largest influence was made in the sophistication dimension of service brand personality scale; the unique and characteristically appropriate arrangement of physical environment will make customers stay in the service environment for a long time and will lead to give a positive influence on the repurchase intention. 6) The store environment factors influenced on the repurchase intention. Particularly, the largest influence was made on the social factors of store environment. The most intriguing finding is that the service factor among all other environment factors gives the biggest influence to the repurchase intention in most of all service types except fast-food stores. Such result indicates that the customers pay attention to how much the employees try to provide a quality service when they make an evaluation on the service brand. At the same time, it also indicates that the personal factor is directly transmitted to the construction of brand personality. The employees' attitude and behavior are the determinants to establish a service brand personality in the process of enhancing service interface. Hence, there should be a reinforced search for a method to efficiently manage the service staff who has a direct contact with customers in order to make an affirmative improvement of the customers' brand evaluation at the service interface. The findings suggest several managerial implications. 1) Results from the empirical study indicated that store environment factors have a strong positive impact on a service brand personality. To increase customers' repurchase intention of a service brand, the management is required to effectively manage store environment factors and create a friendly brand personality based on the corresponding service environment. 2) Mangers and researchers must understand and recognize that the store environment elements are important marketing tools, and that brand personality influences on consumers' repurchase intention. Based on such result of the study, a service brand could be utilized as an efficient measure to achieve a differentiation by enforcing the elements that are most influential among all other store environments for each service category. Therefore, brand personality established involving various store environments will further reinforce the relationship with customers through the elevated brand identification of which utilization to induce repurchase decision can be used as an entry barrier. 3) The study identified the store environment as a component of service brand personality for the store's effective communication with consumers. For this, all communication channels should be maintained with consistency and an integrated marketing communication should be executed to efficiently approach to a larger number of customers. Mangers and researchers must find strategies for aligning decisions about store environment elements with the retailers' marketing and store personality objectives. All ambient, design, and social factors need to be orchestrated so that consumers can take an appropriate store personality. In this study, the induced results from the previous studies were extended to the service industry so as to identify the customers' decision making process that leads to repurchase intention and a result similar to those of the previous studies. The findings suggested several theoretical and managerial implications. However, the situation that only one service brand served as the subject of analysis for each service category, and the situation that correlations among store environment elements were not identified, as well as the problem of representation in selection of samples should be considered and supplemented in the future when further studies are conducted. In addition, various antecedents and consequences of brand personality must be looked at in the aspect of the service environment for further research.

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