• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.114-114
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• 2011

Graphene is the hottest topic in condensed-matter physics due to its unusual electronic structures such as Dirac cones and massless linear dispersions. Graphene can be epitaxially grown on various metal surfaces with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. Such epitaxial graphene shows modified electronic structures caused by substrates. In the method for removal of the effect of substrate, there are bi, tri-layer graphene, gold intercalation, and oxygen intercalation. Here, We will present the changes of geometric and electronic structure of graphene grown on Ru(0001) by oxygen intercalation between graphene and Ru(0001). Using Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS), we observed the aspect that the band gap features near the fermi level of graphene on Ru(0001) system is shifted and narrow. Based on the observed results, two effects by intercalated oxygen were considered.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.11-11
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• 2011

In this talk, I will discuss roles of pseudo vector and scalar potential in changing physical properties of graphene systems. First, graphene under small uniaxial strain is shown to be described by the generalized Weyl's Hamiltonian with inclusion of pseudo vector and scalar potential simultaneously [1]. Thus, strained graphene is predicted to exhibit velocity anisotropy as well as work function enhancement without any gap. Second, if homogeneous strains with different strengths are applied to each layer of bilayer graphene, transverse electric fields across the two layers can be generated without any external electronic sources, thereby opening an energy gap [2]. This phenomenon is made possible by generation of inequivalent pseudo scalar potentials in the two graphene layers. Third, when very tiny lateral interlayer shift occurs in bilayer graphene, the Fermi surfaces of the system are shown to undergo Lifshitz transition [3]. We will show that this unexpected hypersensitive electronic topological transition is caused by a unique interplay between the effective non-Abelian vector potential generated by sliding motions and Berry's phases associated with massless Dirac electrons.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.192-199
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• 2014

The electronic property of graphene was investigated by hydrazine treatment. Hydrazine ($N_2H_4$) highly increases electron concentrations and up-shifts Fermi level of graphene based on significant shift of Dirac point to the negative gate voltage. We have observed contact resistance and channel length dependent mobility of graphene in the back-gated device after hydrazine monohydrate treatment and continuously monitored electrical characteristics under Nitrogen or air exposure. The contact resistance increases with hydrazine-treated and subsequent Nitrogen-exposed devices and reduces down in successive Air-exposed device to the similar level of pristine one. The channel conductance curve as a function of gate voltage in hole conduction regime keeps analogous value and shape even after Nitrogen/Air exposure specially whereas, in electron conduction regime change rate of conductance along with the level of conductance with gate voltage are decreased. Hydrazine could be utilized as the highly effective donor without degradation of mobility but the stability issue to be solved for future application.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2011

PADDIMOD2 was deloped to estimate nonpoint source pollution from paddy rice fields. The PADDIMOD2 was enhanced to estimate runoff and pollutant load during non-growing as well as growing season and to be easily used for public by development of Excel based system. Nutrient concentration and hydrology were based on Dirac delta function and continuous source function, and tank model for growing season and Event Mean Concentrations (EMCs) and SCS-Curve Number method for non-growing season. The PADDIMOD2 consists of three main component (input data, parameters data, and output data) by including eight Excel spread sheets. As a result of model application, total precipitation and irrigation were 1,051.7 mm and 439.2 mm, respectivley and surface runoff and water loss including infiltration and evapotranspiration were 463.0 mm and 947.9 mm, respectively. Annual nutrient loadings of T-N and T-P from study area were 6.7 kg/$km^2$/day and 0.5 kg/$km^2$/day, respectively. Development of PADDIMOD2 was focused on minimizing input data and maximizing user friendly system and is expected to be useful tool to evaluate various non-structure BMPs and estimate unit load from paddy rice fields for application at Korean TMDL.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2009년 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.164-169
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• 2009

Study on swimming of microorganisms like, sperm motility, cilia beating, bacterial flagellar propulsion has found immense significance in the field of biological fluiddynamics. Because of the complexity involved, it is challenging for the researchers to model such problems. Immersed boundary method has proved its efficacy in the field of biological fluiddynamics, The present work aims at performing a numerical study on the microorganism locomotion using the immersed boundary method proposed by Peskin[1]. A two-dimensional model of the microorganism is modeled as thin elastic filament described as a sine wave. The neutrally buoyant organism undergoing deformations is immersed in a viscous and incompressible fluid. The fluid quantities are described using Eulerian coordinates and the immersed body is represented by Lagrangian coordinates. The Eulerian and Lagrangian variables are connected by the Dirac delta function. The Navier-Stokes equations governing the fluid flow are solved using the fractional step method on a staggered Cartesian grid system. The developed numerical code in FORTRAN will be validated by comparing the numerical results with the available results.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.773-793
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• 2004

We consider a system of particles with locations { $X_{i}$ $^{n}$ (t):t$\geq$0,i＝1,…,n} in $R^{d}$ , time-varying weights { $A_{i}$ $^{n}$ (t) : t $\geq$0,i ＝ 1,…,n} and weighted empirical measure processes $V^{n}$ (t)＝1/n$\Sigma$$_{i=1}$$^{n}$ $A_{i}$ $^{n}$ (t)$\delta$ $X_{i}$ $^{n}$ (t), where $\delta$$_{x}$ is the Dirac measure. It is known that there exists the limit of { $V_{n}$ } in the week* topology on M( $R^{d}$ ) under suitable conditions. If { $X_{i}$ $^{n}$ , $A_{i}$ $^{n}$ , $V^{n}$ } satisfies some diffusion equations, applying Ito formula, we prove a central limit type theorem for the empirical process { $V^{n}$ }, i.e., we consider the convergence of the processes η$_{t}$ $^{n}$ ≡ n( $V^{n}$ -V). Besides, we study a characterization of its limit.t.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1133-1152
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• 2015

A frequency-domain method is developed for evaluating the earthquake input energy to two building structures connected by viscous dampers. It is shown that the earthquake input energies to respective building structures and viscous connecting dampers can be defined as works done by the boundary forces between the subsystems on their corresponding displacements. It is demonstrated that the proposed energy transfer function is very useful for clear understanding of dependence of energy consumption ratios in respective buildings and connecting viscous dampers on their properties. It can be shown that the area of the energy transfer function for the total system is constant regardless of natural period and damping ratio because the constant Fourier amplitude of the input acceleration, relating directly the area of the energy transfer function to the input energy, indicates the Dirac delta function and only an initial velocity (kinetic energy) is given in this case. Owing to the constant area property of the energy transfer functions, the total input energy to the overall system including both buildings and connecting viscous dampers is approximately constant regardless of the quantity of connecting viscous dampers. This property leads to an advantageous feature that, if the energy consumption in the connecting viscous dampers increases, the input energies to the buildings can be reduced drastically. For the worst case analysis, critical excitation problems with respect to the impulse interval for double impulse (simplification of pulse-type impulsive ground motion) and multiple impulses (simplification of long-duration ground motion) are considered and their solutions are provided.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 $\beta$선 방출 동위원소들 중에서 $^{32}$P으로부터 방출되는 $\beta$선에 의한 홉수선량 분포를 방사선원의 형태와 기하학적인 조건을 달리하여 컴퓨터를 이용한 모사실험을 통해 예측함으로써 balloon catheter 및 radioactive stent의 이용과 관련된 정보를 얻고자한다. $^{32}$p로부터 방출된 $\beta$선이 인체내에서 에너지를 전달하는 과정에 대한 모사실험은 EGS4 code system 을 이용하여 수행되었다. 인체내의 방사선 흡수선량은 선원의 형태와 위치를 고려하여 축방향과 반경방향으로 등간격으로 나누어 각 격자에서 계산되었다. $^{32}$P 에서 방출되는 $\beta$선 에너지는 Coulomb 포텐셜에 대한 Dirac방정식의 해를 이용하여 계산된 $\beta$선 스펙트럼의 결과를 사용하여 무작위로 선정되었다. 체적 선원과 표면선원에서 시료 표면으로부터 반경방향으로 깊이 0.5 mm내에 있는 표적체에서의 선량률은 각각 12.133 cGy/s per GBq (0.449 cGy/s per mCi, uncertainty: 1.51%)와 24.732 cGy/s per GBq (0.915 cGy/s per mCi, uncertainty: 1.01 %)이다. 선량률은 시료표면으로부터 축방향과 반경방향으로의 거리에 따라 감소한다. 본 연구 결과를 근거로하여 balloon catheter 및 radioactive stent에 $^{32}$P 핵종을 사용할 때 치료선량을 20 Gy로 할 경우 치료에 적합한 초기 방사능량은 각각 29.69 mCi(치료시간을 3분으로 제한할 때) 와 1.2278 $\mu$Ci (영구삽입)로 계산되었다. 또한 원통형 체적선원과 표면선원에 대하여 초기방사능의 크기를 1 mCi/ml의 방사능 체적 밀도와 0.1 mCi/$cm^2$의 방사능 면 밀도로 나타내었을 때 각 표적체에서의 흡수선량률을 계산하였다. 통일한 값의 방사능 체적 밀도와 방사능 면 밀도는 크기가 다른 모델에 대해서 비슷한 크기의 홉수선량을 유도하므로 $^{32}$p 방사선원의 초기 방사능 체적 밀도와 초기 방사능 면 밀도를 알고 있을 때 본 연구의 계산 결과를 이용하면 직경과 길이가 다른 $^{32}$P 핵종의 원통형 모델 주위의 홉수선량 분포를 쉽게 계산할 수 있다.