• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.152-161
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• 2020

This study determined the removal ofrates for three types of pesticides which were spiked from Chonggak radish during the preparation of chonggak kimchi. When Chonggak radish (leaves) were brined with 10% salt solution and rinsed with water, the removal rate of the three pesticides was 43.8%, 41.9% and 89.8% for diazinon, diniconazole and dimethomorph, respectively. When Chonggak kimchi (leaves) were prepared and fermented for 4 weeks at 4℃, the removal rate of the three pesticides was 82.4%, 77.2% and 98.9% for diazinon, diniconazole and dimethomorph, respectively. Pesticide residues in chonggak radish (roots) were removed by up to 54.7-85.1% of initial concentration through brining and washing. During the fermentation of chonggak kimchi (roots) for 4 weeks at 4℃, the amount of pesticide residues was decreased by 94.0%, 91.8% and 90.0% of initial concentration for diazinon, diniconazole and dimethomorph, respectively. The highest relative removal rate by percentage for the three pesticides asreached 66.5% by salting chonggak radish (leaves). On the other hand, the highest relative removal rate by percentage of pesticides was shown during fermentation, reaching 51.8% and 55.8% for diazinon and diniconazole, respectively, in Chonggak kimchi (roots). As a result of examining the differences ofbetween the three pesticide removal rates rates according to temperature while fermentedduring fermentation of Chonggak kimchi with three pesticides for 4 weeks at 0℃ and 4℃, diazinon pesticide removal was has a high pesticide removal rate of 2.7-10.8% from fermented Chonggak kimchi (roots) at 4℃ compared to 0℃. In the other pesticides, the difference in removal rate of the pesticideresidual pesticides residues by aging temperature was found to be insignificant.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2020

This study was conducted to find proper material of brushing stimulation for height suppression of tomato plug seedlings. The tomato seeds were sown in 40-cell plug tray filled with commercial seedling medium and brushing stimulation was started at 18 days after sowing. Acrylic, polypropylene film, and weaving film were used by materials of brushing stimulation and, non-treatment and diniconazole treatment were used as the control. In acrylic treatment, the plant height was the shortest and the stem diameter was the thickest. Leaf growth was the lowest in diniconazole treatment. However, the SPAD value was the greatest in diniconazole treatment. The dwarf rate was the greatest in acrylic treatment. In acrylic treatment, the T/R ratio was the lowest and compactness was the greatest. In conclusion, use of the acrylic as material for brushing stimulation has higher dwarf rate than diniconazole treatment, and has advantages height suppression and seedling quality.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2010

To develop Korean native lilies as mini-potted plants, the effects of plant growth retardants on inhibiting stem elongation and improving flowering rate were evaluated. Bulblets of Lilium concolor var. parthneion (5-7 g) and L. dauricum (3-4 g fresh wt) derived from in vitro culture and then enlarged by field culture were applied with 0, 25, 50, or $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ancymidol, diniconazole, and uniconazole through bulb dipping, foliar spray, and drench. In L. concolor var. parthneion, uniconazole dipping most effectively reduced plant height by 60.7-78.3% depending on concentration compared with control without decreasing flowering percentage. In L. dauricum, dipping into diniconazole solution significantly retarded the plant height by 70.0-86.3% and improved flowering percentage by 8.3-18.2% compared to control of 0%. Drench of $25-50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ancymidol was also effective on inhibition of stem elongation and improvement of flowering rate. Therefore, dipping into $50-100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ uniconazole solution in L. concolor var. parthneion and dipping into $25mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ diniconazole solutions or drench of $25mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ancymidol in L. dauricum can be useful to produce the mini-potted plants.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of triazole compounds [hexaconazole ($50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), diniconazole ($50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), myclobutanil ($150mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), difenoconazole ($50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), tebuconazole ($500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), and bitertanol ($50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)] on commercial quality improvement of cut flowers of Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Baegkwang' Plant height, cut flower length and internode length decreased by all triazole compounds. Plant height, cut flower length, internode length and flower neck length were shortened by treatment of $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ diniconazole and $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ tebuconazole. Flower neck was thickened by hexaconazole and myclobutanil. Flower diameter increased with myclobutanil and bitertanol, while it decreased with tebuconazole. Among physiological injury, open center increased with bitertanol treatment. Overall $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ diniconazole and $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ tebuconazole showed a possitive effect on length flower neck and increasing chlorophyll content, while decreasing plant height, cut flower length and diameter of flowers. Thus it is necessary to consider kind, concentration, and treatment times for effective control of cut flower quality.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.204-212
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• 2017

There is a growing preference for using doubled haploids (DHs) in maize breeding programs because they reduce the time required to generate and evaluate new lines to 2 years or less. However, there is an urgent need for efficient techniques that accurately discriminate between haploid and diploid maize kernels. Here, we investigate the effects of several hormones and chemicals on the germination of haploid and diploid maize kernels, including auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis inhibitor (fluridone), ABA catabolism inhibitor (diniconazole), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and NaCl. Ethylene effectively stimulated the germination of both haploid and diploid maize kernels. The ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone, the ABA catabolism inhibitor diniconazole, and MeJA selectively stimulated the germination of haploid maize kernels. By contrast, gibberellin, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), kinetin, and NaCl inhibited the germination of both haploid and diploid maize kernels. These results indicate that the germination of haploid maize kernels is selectively stimulated by fluridone and diniconazole, and suggest that ABA-mediated germination of haploid maize kernels differs from that of diploid maize kernels and other plant seeds.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.451-459
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• 2001

Adsorption characteristics of triadimefon and diniconazole(pesticide) by natural zeolite($CLI_N$) and several synthetic zeolites were Investigated. The synthetic zeolites used En this study were as follows: Faujasite synthesized from coal fly ash($FAU_F$); Zeolite synthesized from the mixture of FAU and Na-Pl synthesized from the ratio of Cheju scoria 6 to coal fly ash 4 by weight($(FAU + Na-Pl)_{SF}$); waste fluid catalytic cracking catalyst($FCC_W$). The distribution coefficient, $K_D$ and Freundlich constant, $K_F$ decreased in the fellowing sequence : $FCC_W ＞ FAU_F ＞ (FAU + Na-Pl)_{SF} ＞CLI_N$ among the zeolites. The distribution coefficient and the adsorption capacity of $(FAU + Na-Pl)_{SF}$ for pesticides were 4.4 and 2.6 times higher for triamefon, and 2.0 and 2.4 times higher for diniconazole than those of $CLI_N$, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2001

Cheju island depends on a hydrogeologically vulnerable aquifer system as its principle source of drinking water. Most of golf courses are located in the area which is important for the ground water recharge, and pesticides are applied to golf courses often at relatively high rates. Therefore, turf pesticides in golf course should be applied without adversely impacting ground water. In this experiment, downward movement of pesticides was monitored in model greens of golf course, where different adsorbents were layered in 3-cm thickness at 35-cm depth, and effect of the adsorption layer on the leaching loss of pesticides was investigated. Major leachings were observed in the periods of heavy rain and very limited leaching was observed under artificial irrigation. Fenitrothion and triadimefon, which have relatively short persistence and high adsorption coefficient, were found in the leachate in low concentrations only at the first rainfall event, around 20 days after the pesticide application. However, diniconazole, which has a relatively long half-life (97 days), was detected in the leachate during the whole period of experiment and concentration was much higher than those of the other pesticides. Maximum leachate concentrations were 1.9, 10.3, and 84.5 ${\mu}l^{-1}$ for fenitrothion, triadimefon, and diniconazole, respectively. Therefore, in golf course green which allows rapid water percolation and has extremely low adsorption capacity, persistence in soil could be more important factor in determination of leaching potential of pesticides. Total quantity of pesticides leached from the model green was <0.2% for fenitrothion and triadimefon and 1.8% for diniconazole. Adsorption layers significantly reduced pesticide leaching, and active carbon and Orpar were more effective than zeolite. In the model green having adsorption layer of active carbon or Orpar, leaching loss of pesticides was reduced below 0.01% of the initial application.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2000

This study was carried out to determine the adsorption characteristics of eight pesticides on thirty citrus orchard soil so soil samples were taken from nineteen soil series containing different fractions of organic carbon(Foc). The adsorption characteristics for eight pesticides fitted to Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption isotherms showed C-type for alachlor and chlorpyrifos, L-type for linuron and diniconazole. and S, C, and L-types for metribuzin, metolachlor, and alachlor with increasing Foc, respectively. In particular, the adsorption of chlorothalonil showed S, C, L, and H-types with increasing Foc. Distribution coefficient(Kd) values of metribuzin, metolachlor, and alachlor were below $10\;Lkg^{-1}$ and increased linearly with Foc. Kd values of linuron, diuron and chlorothalonil increased exponentially to 60, 200, and $400\;Lkg^{-1}$, respectively and those of diniconazole and chlorpyrifos increased logarithmically. Kf value. Freundlich adsorption coefficiient, increased with Kd in the same manner with Kd. Furthermore, the linearity of Kf value was larger than that of Kd value.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.235-239
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• 2012

While cultivating crops, it is important to predict the biological half-lives of applied pesticides to ensure the safety of agricultural products. Dissipation patterns of the triazole fungicides, such as diniconazole and metconazole, during the cultivation of apple were established by utilizing the dissipation curve. As well as, the biological half-lives of the pesticides in apples were calculated using the residue amounts of them. The apples were harvested from 0 to 14 days after spraying diniconazole (WP) and metconazole (SC) at a recommended and three times of the recommended dose. Initial concentrations of diniconazole in apple were 0.09 and 0.15 mg/kg at a recommended and three times of the recommended dose, respectively, which were below MRL 1.0 mg/kg established by KFDA. The equations of biological half-life were $C_t=0.0811e^{-0.179x}$(half life: 3.9 days) and $C_t=0.1451e^{-0.148x}$ (half life: 4.7 days), respectively. In case of metconazole, initial concentrations in apple were 0.10 and 0.25 mg/kg, below MRL 1.0mg/kg, and biological half-life equations were $C_t=0.0857e^{-0.055x}$ (half life: 12.6 days) and $C_t=0.2304e^{-0.052x}$ (half life: 13.3 days), respectively. Therefore, when triazole fungicides were applied during the cultivation of apple, the biological half-life need to be calculated with the optimal equation model.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1103-1115
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• 2022

The adsorption characteristics of four pesticides (phosphamidon, fenitrothion, triadimefon, and diniconazole) on natural clinoptilolite (CLI_N) and three synthetic zeolites were investigated. The synthetic zeolites included faujasite (FAU_F) synthesized from coal fly ash; the mixture of FAU and Na-P1 (FAU + Na-P1)_SF synthesized using Jeju scoria and coal fly ash at the ratio of 1.5 by weight; and waste fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (FCC_W). The distribution coefficient, K_D and the Freundlich constant, K_F decreased in the following sequence: FCC_W > FAU_F > (FAU + Na-P1)_SF > CLI_N among the zeolites and diniconazole>fenitrothion> triadimefon> phosphamidon among the pesticides. The pesticide adsorptivity increased with increasing temperature for FAU_F, (FAU+Na-P1)_SF and FCC_W, however, it decreased for CLI_N, regardless of the type of pesticide. The adsorptivity of pesticides was independent of pH for phosphamidon, fenitrothion and triadimefon, whereas it decreased with increasing pH for diniconazole, regardless of zeolite type.