• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.681-685
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• 2022

COVID-19 사태를 비롯하여 인류는 지속적인 바이러스 감염에 노출되고 있고 감염자를 신속하게 격리하고 접촉자를 추적하여 감염 확산을 방지를 위한 노력이 진행되고 있다. 연락을 통해 확진자 접촉을 확인하는 수동적인 역학조사는 정확성과 신속성 측면에서 한계가 있어 다양한 디지털 기술을 활용한 자동적인 추적 방법이 제안되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 저전력 블루투스 BLE(Bluetooth Low Energy) 기술을 활용하여 접촉을 확인하고 RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) 값에 대한 분석과 보정을 통해 밀접 접촉을 식별하는 알고리즘을 제시하고, 중앙집중형 서버 구조의 바이러스 확산을 방지할 수 있는 시스템을 제안하고자 한다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.359-373
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• 2022

The new crown pneumonia (COVID-19) has become a global epidemic. The disease has spread to most countries and poses a challenge to the healthcare system. Contact tracing technology is an effective way for public health to deal with diseases. Many experts have studied traditional contact tracing and developed digital contact tracking. In order to better understand the field of contact tracking, it is necessary to analyze the development of contact tracking in the field of computer science by bibliometrics. The purpose of this research is to use literature statistics and topic analysis to characterize the research literature of contact tracking in the field of computer science, to gain an in-depth understanding of the literature development status of contact tracking and the trend of hot topics over the past decade. In order to achieve the aforementioned goals, we conducted a bibliometric study in this paper. The study uses data collected from the Scopus database. Which contains more than 10,000 articles, including more than 2,000 in the field of computer science. For popular trends, we use VOSviewer for visual analysis. The number of contact tracking documents published annually in the computer field is increasing. At present, there are 200 to 300 papers published in the field of computer science each year, and the number of uncited papers is relatively small. Through the visual analysis of the paper, we found that the hot topic of contact tracking has changed from the past "mathematical model," "biological model," and "algorithm" to the current "digital contact tracking," "privacy," and "mobile application" and other topics. Contact tracking is currently a hot research topic. By selecting the most cited papers, we can display high-quality literature in contact tracking and characterize the development trend of the entire field through topic analysis. This is useful for students and researchers new to field of contact tracking ai well as for presenting our results to other subjects. Especially when comprehensive research cannot be conducted due to time constraints or lack of precise research questions, our research analysis can provide value for it.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2021

디지털 의료기술은 매우 효과적이면서 동시에 개인정보를 보호해야 하는 과제를 앉고 있다. 그러나 오늘날 COVID 19 환경에서 접촉추적과 노출알림 앱의 경우 개인정보보호 조치와 앱의 사용효과 사이에 항상 상충 관계가 있다. 오늘날 많은 국가들이 COVID 19 확산을 방지하기 위해 다양한 형태로 접촉추적과 노출알림 앱을 개발하여 사용하고 있지만 디지탈 감시(디지탈 판옴티콘) 의심을 피하지 못하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 '자가격리자 안전보호 앱' 사용자 리뷰을 추출하여 텍스트마이닝 분석을 통해 개인정보 침해 요인 및 불만족 요인을 파악하고자 한다. 텍스트마이닝 분석결과, 우리는 4개 그룹, '주소인식 오류', '이탈경고 오류', '접속 오류', '프로그램 오류'를 도출하였다. '주소인식 오류'와 '이탈경고 오류'는 앱에 의한 감시를 받고 있다는 인식을 강하게 줄 수 있어 개인정보 보호에 대한 투명한 관리 및 개인정보 수집관련 동의절차가 필요하다. 또 나머지 두 그룹은 앱기능 혹은 프로그램 버그오류로 바로 수정이 되지 않는다면, 사용자들의 불만을 극대화시켜 감시자에 대한 항의를 일으킬 수 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.4062-4080
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• 2022

COVID-19, a highly infectious disease, has affected the globe tremendously since its outbreak during late 2019 in Wuhan, China. In order to respond to the pandemic, governments around the world introduced a variety of public health measures including contact-tracing, a method to identify individuals who may have come into contact with a confirmed COVID-19 patient, which usually leads to quarantine of certain individuals. Like many other governments, the South Korean health authorities adopted public health measures using latest data technologies. Key data technology-based quarantine measures include:(1) Electronic Entry Log; (2) Self-check App; and (3) COVID-19 Wristband, and heavily relied on individual's personal information for contact-tracing and self-isolation. In fact, during the early stages of the pandemic, South Korea's strategy proved to be highly effective in containing the spread of coronavirus while other countries suffered significantly from the surge of COVID-19 patients. However, while the South Korean COVID-19 policy was hailed as a success, it must be noted that the government achieved this by collecting and processing a wide range of personal information. In collecting and processing personal information, the data minimum principle - one of the widely recognized common data principles between different data protection laws - should be applied. Public health measures have no exceptions, and it is even more crucial when government activities are involved. In this study, we provide an analysis of how the governments around the world reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate whether the South Korean government's digital quarantine measures ensured the protection of its citizen's right to privacy.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.4-16
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• 2024

Smart hospitals involve the use of recent ICT (information and communications technology) technologies to improve healthcare access, efficiency, and effectiveness. Standardization in smart hospital technologies is crucial for interoperability, scalability, policy formulation, quality control, and maintenance. This study reviewed relevant international standards for smart hospitals and the organizations that develop them. Specific attention was paid to robotics in smart hospitals and the potential for standardization in this area. The study used online resources and existing standards to analyze technologies, standards, and practices in smart hospitals. Key technologies of smart hospitals were identified. Relevant standards from ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) were mapped to each core technology. Korea's leadership in smart hospital technology were highlighted. Approaches for standardizing smart hospitals were proposed. Finally, potential new international standard items for robotics in smart hospitals were identified and categorized by function: sampling, remote operation, delivery, disinfection, and movement tracking/contact tracing. Standardization in smart hospital technologies is crucial for ensuring interoperability, scalability, ethical use of artificial intelligence, and quality control. Implementing international standards in smart hospitals is expected to benefit individuals, healthcare institutions, nations, and industry by improving healthcare access, quality, and competitiveness.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.27-46
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is two-fold: first, to discuss the concept of health diplomacy and the Korean government's response to contain the COVID-19 pandemic; second, to assess and compare assumptions of variances about foreigners' perceptions of how Korea is leveraging digital technology in battling the coronavirus spread, and its vaccine campaign; through the lenses of Chinese, Filipino, and Pakistani foreign nationals who are currently living in Korea. A total of 219 foreigners responded to the survey. The collected data were analyzed as percentages, mean averages, t-test, and ANOVA for statistical analysis. Results show that Korea is utilizing its digital technology practices and vaccine campaign in battling the pandemic through efforts of health diplomacy. ANOVA indicated significant results and assumptions of variance across three ethnic groups showing the Pakistani population had higher mean scores than the Chinese and Filipino about Korea's health diplomacy during the pandemic. This study contributes to the literature on Korea's digital technology practices and vaccine campaigns amidst the COVID-19 pandemic by promoting its image through health diplomacy efforts. It projects the country's soft image on a global scale, to save the lives of locals and foreign nationals, by providing insights into health diplomacy in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.77-79
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• 2023

The Philippines is still in a tight battle with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic since many cases are detected daily. With the continuous spread of another disease worldwide-monkeypox, many Filipinos are alarmed if the country's healthcare system is prepared enough, especially with the detection of its first case. Learning from the unfortunate experiences of the country during the current pandemic is essential in facing another health crisis. With this, recommendations for a robust healthcare system are proposed centered on: a massive digital information campaign about the disease; training healthcare workers to raise awareness about the virus and its transmission, management, and treatment; an intensified surveillance and detection procedure to monitor cases and execute contact tracing properly; and a persistent procurement of vaccines and drugs for treatment, with a well-designed vaccination program.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2020

신종 코로나 바이러스(SARS-CoV-2)로 인한 팬데믹이 확산되는 추세로 단기간 내 종식을 기대하기 힘든 상황이다. 디지털 기술의 활용은 코로나19 억제에 대해 가시적인 성과를 보여주고 있지만, 개인정보호호 측면에서는 논란이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 코로나19 팬데믹에 대한 우리나라 및 각국의 대응 현황을 살펴보고, 디지털 도구를 활용하되 개인정보를 보호하는 방향에 대해 제언한다. 팬데믹 억제를 위해서는 데이터 수집 및 처리가 필수적이지만 개인정보보호를 고려하여 꼭 필요한 수준과 범위로 제한해야 하고, 국제적 규모의 협력과 한시적이고 투명한 개인정보 이용, 이를 위한 법적·제도적 기반 확립이 필요하다. 오늘날 이 같은 데이터와 알고리즘 활용은 지속적으로 증가할 것이므로, 이와 더불어 개인정보보호를 위한 기술·제도적 보완 노력이 계속되어야 한다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제12권3_4호
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• pp.363-379
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• 2013

Dynamic displacement of structures is an important index for in-service structural condition and behavior assessment, but accurate measurement of structural displacement for large-scale civil structures such as long-span bridges still remains as a challenging task. In this paper, a vision-based dynamic displacement measurement system with the use of digital image processing technology is developed, which is featured by its distinctive characteristics in non-contact, long-distance, and high-precision structural displacement measurement. The hardware of this system is mainly composed of a high-resolution industrial CCD (charge-coupled-device) digital camera and an extended-range zoom lens. Through continuously tracing and identifying a target on the structure, the structural displacement is derived through cross-correlation analysis between the predefined pattern and the captured digital images with the aid of a pattern matching algorithm. To validate the developed system, MTS tests of sinusoidal motions under different vibration frequencies and amplitudes and shaking table tests with different excitations (the El-Centro earthquake wave and a sinusoidal motion) are carried out. Additionally, in-situ verification experiments are performed to measure the mid-span vertical displacement of the suspension Tsing Ma Bridge in the operational condition and the cable-stayed Stonecutters Bridge during loading tests. The obtained results show that the developed system exhibits an excellent capability in real-time measurement of structural displacement and can serve as a good complement to the traditional sensors.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.135-155
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• 2024

Urban public health monitoring in smart cities focuses on the control of conditions and health challenges in urban environments. Considering the rapid spread of diseases and pandemics, it is important for health authorities to trace people carrying the virus. In smart cities, this tracing must be interoperable and intelligent, especially in indoor surfaces characterized by small distances between people. Therefore, to fight pandemics, it is necessary to start with the already-existing digital equipment of the Internet of Things, such as connected objects and smartphones. In this study, the developed system is employed to provide a social IoT network and suggest a strategy which allows reliable traceability without threatening the privacy of users. This IoT-based system allows respecting the social distance between persons sharing public services in smart cities without applying smartphone applications or severe confinement. It also permits a return to normal life in case of viral pandemic and ensures the much-desired balance between economy and health. The present study analyses previous proposed social distance systems then, unlike these studies, suggests an intelligent and distributed IoT based strategy for positioning students. Two scenarios of static and dynamic optimization-based placement of Bluetooth Low Energy devices are proposed and an experimental study shows the contribution and complementarity of the introduced contact tracing strategy with the applications on smartphones.