• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2016

Seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis a marine teleost fish, has long been used as one of the essential materials in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the uses of seahorse have been limited due to its high cost, despite its beneficial biological activities. Seahorse has not been widely explored for its biofunctional properties and active components. In the present study, the enzymatic hydrolysates of seahorse were prepared by using two digestive enzymes (trypsin and pepsin) and five food grade enzymes (neutrase, protamex, alcalase, kojizyme, and flavourzyme). The enzymatic hydrolysates indicated higher hydrolysis yields than its water extract. Among them, the distilled water-pepsin hydrolysate (DP) which was obtained by distilled water extraction followed by pepsin hydrolysis, showed the highest yield and protein content as well as the highest alkyl radical scavenging activity. Also, it provided protective effects against oxidative stress induced by AAPH in vero cell and zebrafish. Further fractionation based on the molecular weight was carried out to identify it’s active components, and < 5 kDa (less than 5 kDa) molecular weight fraction was confirmed to have the highest antioxidant activity. In conclusion, this study suggests that DP of seahorse has antioxidant properties, and might be a novel and useful material from the marine origin for healthy functional foods and cosmetics.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.373-378
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• 2007

Based on observations that lactic acid bacteria have the ability to activate macrophages, we assessed the potential effects of eight different Lactobacillus strains treated with gastrointestinal enzymes on the production of nitric oxide and various cytokines in macrophages. RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells were cultured with either precipitates or supernatants of Lactobacillus strains digested with pepsin followed by pancreatin. The increased production of nitric oxide and interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-12 and tumour necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ were observed when cultured with precipitates, and this effect was largely strain-dependent. In contrast, the exposure of RAW 264.7 cells to supernatants produced weaker or nearly undetectable effects in comparison to the effects of exposure to precipitates. The induction of nitric oxide appeared to be unaffected. These results demonstrate that nitric oxide and cytokines were effectively induced when the bacterial precipitate was treated with macrophages. The results of the present study also indicate that Lactobacillus strains treated with digestive enzymes are capable of stimulating the production of nitric oxide and cytokines in macrophages, which may modulate the gastrointestinal immune function of the host when it is given as a feed additive.

• 한국식품영양과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Food,Nutrition and Health for 21st Century
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• pp.187-231
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• 2001

It is a recent observation that about 80 per cent of the body's immune system is localized in the gastrointestinal tract. This explains to a large extent why eating right is important for the modulation the immune response and prevention of disease. I addition it is increasingly recognized that the body has an important digestive system also in the lower gastrointestinal tract where numerous important substances are released by microbial enzymes and absorbed. Among these substances are short chain fatty acids, amino acids, various carbohydrates, polyamines, growth factors, coagulation factors, and many thousands of antioxidants, not only traditional vitamins but numerous flavonoids, carotenoids and similar plant- and vegetable produced antioxidants. Also consumption of health-promoting bacteria (probiotics) and vegetable fibres (prebiotics) from numerous sources are known to have strong health-promoting influence. It has been calculated that the intestine harbours about 300 000 genes, which is much more than the calculated about 60000 for the rest of the human body, indicating a till today totally unexpected metabolic activity in this part of the GI tract. There are seemingly several times more active enzymes in the intestine than in the rest of the body, ready to release hundred thousand or more of substances important for our health and well-being. In addition do the microbial cells produce signal molecules similar to cytokines but called bacteriokines and nitric oxide, with provide modulatory effects both on the mucosal cells, the mucosa-associated lymphoid system (MALT) and the rest of the immune system. Identification of various fermentation products, and often referred to as synbiotics, studies of their role in maintaining health and well-being should be a priority issue during the years to come.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.783-788
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 GSE의 항산화제와 비만 예방 및 치료제로서의 식품적용 가능성을 알아보기 위해 DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical 및 hydroxyl radical 포착효과를 확인하였으며, 몇 가지 소화효소(단백질 분해효소, 탄수화물 분해효소, 지방분해효소)의 저해효과를 측정하였다. 그 결과 GSE는 우수한 항산화 효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 특히, vitamin C보다 DPPH radical 소거효과가 약 2배, superoxide anion radical 소거효과가 약 2.7배 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, GSE는 소화효소인 trypsin, $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, $\alpha$-amylase, $\alpha$-glucosidase, lipase에 대한 저해효과를 갖고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로 GSE는 항산화 효과와 비만 예방 및 개선을 위한 유용한 소재로 사용될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1482-1488
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of fiber sources on gut development and bacterial activity in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets. Eighteen crossbred (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) barrows were fed a basal diet based on corn plus soybean meal or similar diets in which a portion of the corn and soybean was replaced by 5% wheat bran or 5% sugar beet pulp. The results indicate that pigs fed diets containing 5% wheat bran or 5% sugar beet pulp had lower liver weights than control pigs (p<0.01). The relative weight of the pancreas in pigs fed diets containing 5% sugar beet pulp was greater than that of control pigs or pigs fed diets containing 5% wheat bran (p<0.05). The pH of the ileal digesta of pigs fed the diet containing 5% wheat bran was higher than that of control pigs or pigs fed the diet containing 5% sugar beet pulp (p<0.05). The lipase activity in the distal jejunum, proximal, and distal ileum of pigs fed the control diet was higher than that of pigs fed the diets containing 5% wheat bran or 5% sugar beet pulp (p<0.05). The concentration of volatile fatty acids anterior to the caecum was greater for the pigs fed the diet containing 5% sugar beet pulp, while the concentration of volatile fatty acids posterior to the ileum was greater for the pigs fed the diet containing 5% wheat bran. This means that sugar beet pulp increased the bacterial fermentation precaecum, while wheat bran increased the bacterial fermentation post-ileum. The concentration of bacterial nitrogen and bacterial protein/total protein in ileal digesta of pigs fed the control diet was higher (p<0.05) than that of pigs fed the diets contained either fiber source. Bacterial protein/total protein in the feces of pigs fed the diet containing 5% sugar beet pulp was higher than that of pigs fed the control diet. This means that inclusion of 5% wheat bran or sugar beet pulp in diets influenced the development of the digestive tract of piglet. The mechanism by which dietary fiber reduced specific activity of lipase needs further consideration. Dietary fiber influenced the bacterial activity in the digestive tract of piglets, sugar beet pulp increased the fermentation in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and while wheat bran increased the fermentation in the lower gastrointestinal tract.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2008

본 연구는 Paracyclopina nana의 먹이생물로써의 우수성을 핵산과 소화효소 활성을 기준으로 넙치 Paralichthys olivaceus 자어를 대상으로 밝히기 위한 것이었다. 실험은 P. nana 단독구(C 실험구), Artemia nauplii 단독구(A 실험구) 그리고 혼합구(M 실험구)로 나누어서 실시하였다. 넙치 자어의 체장은 부화 28일째, P. nana 단독 공급구에서 높게 나타났다. 건조중량당 핵산 함량은 C, M 실험구에서 A 실험구보다 함량이 빠르게 증가하였으며, RNA/DNA ratio는 C 실험구가 M, A 실험구보다 감소 경향이 빨랐다. 이들 자어의 생존률은 실험구에 따른 차이는 없었지만, 비색소침착률은 C, M 실험구에서 낮게 나타났으며, 실험 종료 시 변태율은 C 실험구에서 가장 높게 나타났고, A 실험구에서 유의적으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. $\alpha$-amylase 활성은 모든 실험구에서 증가하는 활성의 경향을 보였다. TAP 활성은 A 실험구에서 26일째 이후 9 mU/larva의 활성으로 높게 나타났으나, 다른 실험구에서는 $5{\sim}6$ mU/larva로 증가하지 않았다. $TAP/{\alpha}-amylase$ 활성의 비에서 A 실험구는 실험기간 동안 유의적으로 변화가 없었으나, C, M 실험구는 유의적으로 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 결과적으로 실험구들의 성장, 핵산 함량의 변태와 관련된 시기적 증감 현상, 그리고 C, M 실험구에서 지속적으로 낮아지는 $TAP/{\alpha}-amylase$ 활성비를 보았을 때, 넙치 자어의 가장 높은 성장률을 볼 수 있었던 요각류인 P. nana를 공급하는 것이 이 시기의 효과적인 사육 방법인 것으로 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1054-1062
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• 2020

벼메뚜기는 메뚜기과에 속하는 불완전 변태 곤충으로, 국내에서 오랫동안 식용으로 이용되어 왔다. 현재까지 벼메뚜기의 항산화 및 항염증 효과 등의 기능들이 연구되었으나, 탄수화물 소화 효소나 식후 혈당 수치에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 벼메뚜기 에탄올 추출물(OEE)와 물 추출물(OWE)이 탄수화물 소화 효소를 저해하고, streptozotocin (STZ)으로 유도된 당뇨병 마우스에서 식후 고혈당을 강하시키는 효과에 대해 조사하였다. 그 결과 OEE에 의한 α-glucosidase와 α-amylase 저해 효과가 OWE 보다 더 효과적이었다. 당뇨병 마우스에 전분(2 g/kg)을 투여한 후의 혈당 증가는 15, 30, 60, 120분에 각각 406.50, 431.50, 473.50 and 460.00 mg/dl로 나타났고, 전분(2 g/kg)과 OEE 추출물(300 mg/kg)을 투여한 후 혈당 증가는 15, 30, 60, 120분에 각각 327.00, 361.00, 358.67 and 291.00 mg/dl로 나타나, OEE 추출물 투여군이 대조군에 비해 식후 혈당 강하가 효과적으로 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 벼메뚜기 추출물이 α-glucosidase와 α-amylas를 저해함으로써 식후 고혈당을 완화시키고, 특히 벼메뚜기 에탄올 추출물(OEE)이 벼메뚜기 물 추출물(OWE) 보다 식후 고혈당을 완화시키는데 더욱 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 OEE가 탄수화물 소화 효소 저해 효과로 식후 고혈당을 완화시키는 유용한 천연 기능성 식품이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 상백피의 소화효소 저해활성과 3T3-L1 전지방세포의 분화 억제능을 기반으로 항비만 효능소재로서의 활용가능성을 평가하였다. 상백피의 에탄올 추출물(MRE)은 ${\alpha}$-amylase와 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase를 활용한 소화효소 저해활성 평가 실험에서 각각 $7.86{\pm}0.36$, $0.12{\pm}0.03$, $7.93{\pm}0.11mg/mL$의 $IC_{50}$ 값을 보이며 우수한 억제 활성을 나타냈다. 또한 3T3-L1 전지방세포를 활용한 세포분화억제효능실험에서 MRE 처리군의 세포내 지방 축적율은 농도 의존적으로 감소되었다. 상백피의 항비만 작용 기전을 구명하기 위하여 adipogenesis 및 lipogenesis와 관련된 유전자 발현양상을 분석한 결과, 상백피 추출물 처리군에서는 생체내 지방대사 조절에 중요한 역할을 하는 FAS와 ACC 뿐 아니라 adipogenesis와 lipogenesis와 관련된 주요 전사요소인 $PPAR{\gamma}$와 $C/EBP{\alpha}$, SREBP-1c의 유전자 발현이 현저하게 억제되었다. qRT-PCR 분석 결과, 상백피 추출물의 anti-adipogenesis 효능은 전사단계에서의 관련 유전자 발현억제에 기인한다고 판단되었다. 본 실험결과 상백피 추출물은 전지방세포의 분화와 세포내 지질합성을 저해하고 비만과 관련 된 소화효소에 대한 저해활성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 기반으로 상백피의 비만 예방 소재로서의 잠재적인 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated whether Sargassum yezoense extract (SYE) could inhibit ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and ${\alpha}-amylase$ activities, and alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Freeze-dried S. yezoense was extracted with 80% ethanol and concentrated for use in this study. The hypoglycemic effect was determined by evaluating the inhibitory activities of SYE against ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and ${\alpha}-amylase$ as well as its ability to decrease postprandial blood glucose levels. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of SYE against ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and ${\alpha}-amylase$ were $0.078{\pm}0.004$ and $0.212{\pm}0.064mg/mL$, respectively. SYE was a more effective inhibitor of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and ${\alpha}-amylase$ activities than the positive control, acarbose. The increase in postprandial blood glucose levels was significantly alleviated in the SYE group compared with that in the control group of STZ-induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, the area under the curves significantly decreased with SYE administration in STZ-induced diabetic mice. These results suggest that SYE is a potent inhibitor of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and ${\alpha}-amylase$ activities and alleviates postprandial hyperglycemia caused by dietary carbohydrates.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.509-513
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• 2004

혈전 관련 질환 예방 및 혈류개선 기능성 식품의 개발을 목표로, 식용 및 약용 산채류 55종의 메탄을 추출물을 조제한 후 트롬빈 저해활성을 검색하였다. 그 결과, 대조군으로 사용된 아스피린보다 우수한 항혈전 활성을 나타내는 붉나무, 사삼, 우산나물, 쥐다래, 참나물, 할미밀망, 큰까치수영, 첫버들 추출물 등 8종을 선별하였으며, aPTT, 혈전 용해활성, 열 안정성, 기타 소화효소 저해활성 등을 평가하며 참나물, 큰까치수영 및 갯버들 추출물을 최종 선별하였다. 참나물의 경우 열안정성이 낮은 반면 소화효소 비저해로 인해 그 이용성이 높으며, 큰 까치수영 및 갯버들의 경우 부분적인 소화효소 저해능이 있으나 우수한 항혈전활성 및 열 안정성을 나타내어 다양한 식품소재로 개발이 가능함을 확인하였다.