• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.273-279
• /
• 2003

Pancreatin is a enzyme mixture breaking down carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Most pancreatin used in Korea is imported from foreign countries. However, guideline of each country for pancreatin produced from each country is different. Therefore, guideline for pancreatin imported from several countries, such as Europe, Japan and America, it is standardized to control its quality. Assay of enzyme activity for pancreatin in KP is similar to tat in JP, but it is significantly different from those in FP ad in USP. We measured pancreatin digestive activities of 17 commercial products. Activity assay of digestive enzymes, starch- and lipid-digestive enzymes, for pancreatin by KP method (including JP) was difficult compared to those by FIP ad USP methods. Particularly, activity assays of starch- and lipid-digestive enzymes by KP method were mistakable, ad varied in diluted samples than those by FIP. However, activity assay of protein-digestive enzyme by KP method was similar to that by FIP. Starch-digestive enzyme activities of 17 commercial pancreatins by KP method were lower 0.079-fold compared to those by FIP method. Their protein-digestive enzyme activities by KP method were higher 75.7-fold than those by FIP method. Their lipid-digestive enzyme activities by KP method were lower 0.234-fold compared to those by FIP method.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 1960

Some enzymatic properties of Cynthia roretzi v. (Drasche Korean : U-Rung-Shei) was studied by author and obtained the following results; 1. The optimum pH of the digestive gland amylase was 6.8-7.0 2. Activity of metallic ion on the amylase showed the following order; 10$^{-3}$ M M $n^{++}$>10$^{-3}$ M $Co^{++}$>10$^{-4}$ M $Mg^{++}$>10$^{-4}$ M $Ca^{++}$>10$^{-2}$ M Z $n^{++}$>10$^{-2}$ M P $b^{++}$ 3. The digestive gland enzyme inactivated at 70.deg. C. 4. When the enzyme concentration increase 2 times, the enzymatic activity also increase, but not propertionally. 5. The digestine gland amylase showed remarkably higher enzymatic activity than the intestinal amylase. 6. The digestive gland amylase from the ascidian showed remarkably higher enzymatic activity than the heptancreatic amylase from shell fish (Turbo (Batillus) Cornutus Solander).nder).nder).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 1960

Some enzymatic properties of Cynthia roretzi V. Drasche (Korean:U-Rung-Shei) was studied by author and obtained the following results; 1. The optimum pH of the digestive gland proteinase ws 7.4-7.6 2. Activity of metallic ion on the Proteinase showed following order; 10$^{-3}$ M. M $n^{++}$>1-$^{-3}$ M. $Co^{++}$>10$^{-4}$ M. $Mg^{++}$\ulcorner10$^{-2}$ M.S $r^{++}$. Inhibition of metallic ion on the Proteinase showed following order: 10$^{-3}$ M. A $g^{+}$>10$^{-3}$ M. c $d^{++}$>10$^{-3}$ M. P $b^{++}$>10$^{-3}$ M. Z $n^{++}$ 3. The digestive gland enzyme inactivated at 70.deg. C, but no influence at 50.deg. C. 4. When the enzyme concentration increase 2 times, and 3 times, the enzymatic activity also increase, but not proportionally 5. The digestive gland Proteinase showed remarkably higher enzymatic activity than the intestinal Proteinase. 6. The digestive gland amylase brom the ascidion showed remarkably higher enzymatic activity than the heptaponcreatic amylase from shell fish (Turbo (Batillus) Cornutus Solander).).er).).).er).).

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2011

This study was examined digestive enzyme activity in the crystalline style of the three species of bivalves. Bivalves used in this study were Tegillarca granosa (n=61), Mytilus galloprovincialis (n=30) and Saxidomus purpuratus (n=30) and collected from southern coast of Korea on May 2010. Digestive enzymes activities in the crystalline style were assayed in spectrophotometer. Amylase and cellulase occupied approximately 90% of digestive enzyme in crystalline style of T. granosa, M. galloprovincialis, and S. purpuratus. And protease activity in crystalline style of T. granosa, M. galloprovincialis and S. purpuratus showed the lowest values to 0.02, 0 and 0.08%, respectively. Digestive enzyme activity in crystalline style of three species was measured in the order of cellulase > amylase > chitinase > laminarinase.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.577-583
• /
• 2001

The digestive enzyme activities such as $\alpha-amylase$, trypsin and pepsin from the laboratory-reared river puffer Takifugu obscurus were measured from the time course of 1 day until the 65 day after hatching. In the case of $\alpha-amylase$, it was showed minimum activity of 0.0493 U/mg at the total length (TL) 10 mm, and showed maximum activity of 0.1480 U/mg at 19 mmTL. Trypsin and pepsin were showed their maximum activities of 0.0264, 0.0258 U/mg and 0.0178, 0.0201 U/mg when the total length of 16 and 24 mm, and represented remarkable correlations between the changes of enzyme activity and growth rate. The ontogenetic variations of digestive enzymes were represented clearly different patterns; i.e, the pepsin showed higher activity when the periods of larva ($4\~5\;mmTL$) and juvenile II ($19\~24\;mmTL$), however, the trypsin represented maximum activity at the stages of juvenile I ($11\~16\;mmTL$) and young fish (27 mmTL), respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.692-700
• /
• 2008

A trial was conducted to study the influence of different levels of a commercial enzyme complex on performance, nutrient availability, blood parameters, digestive tract measurements, amylase and trypsin activity of the digestive tract and gut morphology in broilers fed the typical diets in north China. There were four treatments: the control diet and the other three enzyme complex supplemented diets which were 180 mg/kg, 360 mg/kg and 720 mg/kg enzyme complex supplemented to the control diet, respectively. The birds fed the diets supplemented with 180 mg/kg and 360 mg/kg enzyme complex had better performance and nutrient availability, the activities of amylase and trypsin in the digestive tract in the two treatments were improved, the villus height and surface area of villus in the small intestine increased and the crypt depth and epithelial thickness of small intestine decreased. Relative weights of pancreas and relative weights and lengths of small intestine decreased. However, the addition of 720 mg/kg enzyme complex had no effects on these parameters and increased crypt depth and epithelial thickness of the small intestine. The data suggested that suitable supplementation of enzyme complex was beneficial for the birds, while excess enzyme complex inhibited secretion of endogenous enzyme and destroyed the structure of the small intestine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.11
• /
• pp.1588-1594
• /
• 2012

An 8-wk experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal (FM) with soy protein isolate (SPI) on the growth, digestive enzyme activity and serum biochemical parameters of juvenile Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii). SPI was used to replace 0, 25, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5, 100% of dietary FM and 100% replacement supplemented crystalline amino acid. Healthy sturgeon with an average initial weight of $26.38{\pm}0.24$ g were randomly assigned to 24 aquaria (8 treatments with triplicates each) at an initial stocking density of 11 fish per aquarium and cultured for 8 wks. The results showed that 75.00% or more substitution resulted in a poor weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio and survival rate compared to that of fish fed the control diet (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed between diets of 25.00% to 62.50% substitution. Protease, lipase and amylase activity in foregut, mid-gut and hindgut were significantly (p<0.05) decreased by diets where SPI replacement levels were 62.50% or more. Levels of serum total protein (TP) and globulin decreased significantly from 21.03, 10.34 to 14.05, 5.63 g/L with the increasing dietary SPI (p<0.05), but alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased (p<0.05). In addition, supplemental crystalline amino acid in the FM absence diet did not improve growth performance, intestine digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemical parameters. In conclusion, the results from this study showed adverse effects of inclusion of SPI in diets on growth performance, feed utilization and serum biochemical parameters in juvenile Amur sturgeon. Based on WGR and replacement ratio presented in this report, a 57.64% replacement level was recommended.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.273-282
• /
• 2009

Cadmium (Cd) and tributyltin (TBT) are common contaminants of marine and freshwater ecosystems, and can induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS can, in turn, cause oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated time-related effects of Cd (0.05 and 0.1 ppm) and TBT (5 and 10 ppb) treatment on antioxidant enzyme activity, i.e., the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the gills and digestive glands of the ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii. In addition, hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) concentrations, lysozyme activity, and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels were measured in the hemolymph. We found that Cd and TBT treatment significantly increased antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression and activity in the digestive glands and gills in a time-dependent manner. In response to the Cd and TBT treatments, antioxidant enzymes mRNA expression and activity increased up to day 5 in the digestive glands and then decreased by day 7. In the gills, antioxidant enzymes mRNA expression and activity increased up to day 3 and then decreased by day 5. Likewise, $H_2O_2$ concentrations significantly increased up to day 5 and then decreased by day 7. Finally, lysozyme activity decreased during the experimental period, whereas GOT and GPT levels were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner. These results suggest that antioxidant enzymes play an important role in decreasing ROS levels and oxidative stress in ark shells exposed to Cd and TBT.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.421-428
• /
• 2010

This study investigated on enzyme production in the digestive organs of the native termite (Reticulitermes speratus) in Milyang, Korea. Four types of major cellulases [EG (endo-1,4-${\beta}$-glucanase), BGL (${\beta}$-glucosidase), CBH (cellobiohydrolase) and BXL (${\beta}$-1,4-xylosidase)] were present in the digestive organs of the termite. The strong enzyme activity for BGL was found from the native termite, and also shown that the enzyme was distributed in the salivary gland, foregut, and hindgut. BXL, which breaks down hemicellulose near the amorphous region, was detected mainly from salivary gland, foregut, and midgut. However, CBH was distributed mainly in the hindgut. Meanwhile, EG which degrades cellulose, was found mainly in the hindgut and salivary glands. These facts indicate that celluases production patterns are differ from different sites compare to the same species found in Japan, suggesting that enzyme production in the digestive organs of termites is changed according to their habitats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.375-380
• /
• 1998

Six Holstein heifer calves weaned at 45 days-of-age were randomly allocated into high daily gain (1.1 kg/d, HDG) and low daily gain (0.56 kg/d, LDG) groups, and were slaughtered at 170 kg of live weight. Energy intake level in the feeding period was 2.4 $\times$ maintenance in 105 days for HDG and 1.4 $\times$ maintenance in 216 days for LDG calves. Total length of the small intestine was identical between groups, but both weights of the pancreas and of the small intestinal mucosa were greater (p < 0.01) for HDG calves. Alpha-amylase, lipase, proteinase, and trypsin activities of the whole pancreas were higher (p < 0.05) in HDG calves. Disaccharidase activity of the whole small intestinal mucosa was also higher (p < 0.10) for HDG than for LDG calves. However, the enzymatic activities, expressed as per gram or per protein of the pancreas and the small intestinal mucosa, were not affected (p > 0.10) by the plane of nutrition. These results suggest that the digestive enzyme activity in the small intestine varies primarily with the weight of tissues synthesizing the enzyme.