• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 2020

To solve the edge ringing or block effect caused by the partial differential diffusion in image enhancement domain, a new image enhancement algorithm based on bidirectional diffusion, which smooths the flat region or isolated noise region and sharpens the edge region in different types of defect images on aviation composites, is presented. Taking the image pixel's neighborhood intensity and spatial characteristics as the attribute descriptor, the presented bidirectional diffusion model adaptively chooses different diffusion criteria in different defect image regions, which are elaborated are as follows. The forward diffusion is adopted to denoise along the pixel's gradient direction and edge direction in the pixel's smoothing area while the backward diffusion is used to sharpen along the pixel's gradient direction and the forward diffusion is used to smooth along the pixel's edge direction in the pixel's edge region. The comparison experiments were implemented in the delamination, inclusion, channel, shrinkage, blowhole and crack defect images, and the comparison results indicate that our algorithm not only preserves the image feature better but also improves the image contrast more obviously.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.145-154
• /
• 2005

It is necessary to develop new air-conditioning method which can be satisfied individual separated space and request of occupants. The indoor thermal environment and flow field are investigated both experimentally and numerically. This study concentrated on analysis of indoor thermal environment by diffusion direction of ceiling type air conditioner of the classroom. The velocity and temperature distribution of air in the room calculated by 3-dimensional method, which include the effect of insulation of the building and outdoor state. This analysis shows that optimum diffusion direction is $30^{\circ}$ to increase thermal comfort in winter and optimum diffusion direction is $15^{\circ}$ to increase thermal comfort in summer.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 2003

This research was performed to investigate the diffusivity of borate rods in radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) conditioned to 40 percent moisture content (MC). The deepest penetration of boron were observed in the longitudinal direction, followed by the radial and the tangential directions. The boron loading on the wood face adjacent to the borate rod tended to increase with diffusion time in all directions. To mathematically quantify boron diffusion, the diffusion coefficient of boron was determined using Boltzmann's transformation by assuming that it was a function of concentration only. The values of the longitudinal diffusion coefficients were between 1.3×10^-8 cm²/sec and 9.2×10^-8 cm²/sec. The radial diffusion coefficients were between 1.4×10^-8 cm²/sec and 9.5×10^-8 cm²/sec, and the tangential diffusion coefficients were between 5.2×10^-9 cm²/sec and 1.3×10^-8 cm²/sec. The differences of diffusion coefficients between the longitudinal direction and the radial direction were slight, although their concentration profiles were markedly different. This indicates that the amount of boron loading on the wood face adjacent the borate rod is one of the most important factor for boron penetration in wood with low MC.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.60-67
• /
• 1998

본 연구는 붕산염 막대(borate rod)를 이용한 고건축물 부재의 부후 구제처리에 대한 기초 연구로서, 소나무와 잣나무에서 붕산염 막대로부터 붕소의 확산시 목재 함수율과 확산기간의 영향을 조사하고자 수행하였다. 함수율이 15, 25, 40%로 조성된 목재 시험편에 1,000 mg의 붕산염 막대를 삽입한 후 상온에서 2, 4, 8, 12주간 확산시키고 붕소 성분의 수축 및 횡단방향 확산정도를 평가하였다. 붕소의 원활한 확산을 위해서는 적어도 섬유포화점 이상의 목재 함수율이 요구되었으며, 또한 확산기간의 연장될수록 붕소의 확산 정도가 증가하였다. 붕소 확산의 이방성이 관찰 되었는데, 수축방향 확산이 횡단방향보다 훨씬 우수하였으며 횡단방향에서는 방사방향 확산이 접선방향보다 우수하였다. 동일 함수율과 확산기간의 조합에서도 확산 정도는 수종간에 조금씩 상이하였는데, 모든 방향에서 잣나무를 통한 확산이 가장 용이하였다. 소나무 심재를 통한 수축방향 확산이 변재를 통한 확산보다 용이하였으며, 횡단방향 확산의 경우는 큰 차이는 없었으나 변재를 통한 확산이 심재를 통한 확산보다 약간 양호하였다. 함수율 40%와 확산기간이 12주인 시험편에 대한 결과를 기준으로 할 때, 붕산염 막대의 수축방향 적정 처리간격은 소나무 심재와 잣나무 심재의 경우는 약 120 mm, 소나무 변재의 경우는 60 mm이고, 횡단방향은 수종에 관계없이 공히 약 30 mm이었다. 그러나 보다 정확한 붕산염 막대의 적정 처리간격을 구명하기 위해서는 앞으로 붕산염 막대의 크기와 장기 확산저장이 붕소 성분의 확산에 미치는 영향에 대한 보다 심도 있는 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.1671-1678
• /
• 1996

In external chemical vapor deposition processes including VAD and OVD the distribution of flame-synthesized silica particles is determined by heat and mass transfer limitations to particle formation. Combustion gas flow velocities are such that the particle diffusion time scale is longer than that of gas flow convection in the zone of particle formation. The consequence of these effects is that the particles formed tend to remain along straight smooth flow stream lines. Silica particles are formed due to oxidation and hydrolysis. In the hydrolysis, the particles are formed in diffuse bands and particle formation thus requires the diffusion of SiCl$\_$4/ toward CH$\_$4//O$\_$2/ combustion zone to react with H$\_$2/O diffusing away from these same zones on the torch face. The conversion kinetics of hydrolysis is fast compared to diffusion and the rate of conversion is thus diffusion-limited. In the language of combustion, the hydrolysis occurs as a Burke-Schumann process. In selected conditions, reaction zone shape and temperature distributions predicted by the Burke-Schumann analysis are introduced and compared with experimental data available. The calculated centerline temperatures inside the reaction zone agree well with the data, but the calculated values outside the reaction zone are a little higher than the data since the analysis does not consider diffusion in the axial direction and mixing of the combustion products with ambient air. The temperatures along the radial direction agree with the data near the centerline, but gradually diverge from the data as the distance is away from the centerline. This is caused by the convection in the radial direction, which is not considered in the analysis. Spatial distribution of silica particles are affected by convection and diffusion, resulting in a Gaussian form in the radial direction.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1989년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.655-658
• /
• 1989

The characteristics of proton-diffused $LiNbO_3$ optical waveguides with self-aligned $SiO_2$-cladding are reported. When the proton diffusion occurs, the $SiO_2$-cladding limits the lateral diffusion of protons by out-diffusion of protons in unclad region. Proton indiffusion in depth direction is promoted by inhibition of out-diffusion in clad region. Consequently, the mode profile in depth direction can be nealy symmetric. The extent of the proton exchange was observed by measuring the infrared absorption peak at about $3500cm^{-1}$. It is confirmed that proton diffusion with $SiO_2$-cladding has structural excellency.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2003

Honeycomb structure has been fabricated by brazing method using 0.1 wt%C and 1.0wt%C carbon steel core and STS304 stainless steel face sheet. Core shear strength ratio in W and L directions was 1:1.03 in 7 mm cell size, whereas 1:1.45 in 4 mm cell size. Flexural strength on face sheet was 166.4 MPa (0.1 wt%C, W direction), 171.1 MPa (0.1 wt%C, L direction), and 120.2 MPa (1.0 wt%C, W direction) in 7 mm cell size. And in 4mm cell size specimen, it was 169.2 MPa (0.1 wt%C, W direction), 224.2 MPa (0.1 wt%C, L direction). This means that flexural strength of 0.1 wt%C core material was higher than that of 1.0wt%C core material, which was contrary to expectation. SEM and EDS analysis represented that grain boundary diffusion had occurred in0.1 wt%C core, but no grain boundary diffusion in 1.0 wt%C core. And corrugated surface of 0.1 wt%C core was flat, whereas that of 1.0 wt%C core was not flat. As a result, contact area between two 1.0 wt%C cores was much less than that of 0.1 wt% cores, It is thought to be main reason for lower flexural strength of 1.0 wt%C core.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.603-613
• /
• 2023

In this paper, the concept of geodesic centered tractography is explored for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In DTI, where geodesics has been tracked and the inverse of the fourth-order diffusion tensor is inured to determine the diversity. Specifically, we investigated geodesic tractography technique for High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI). Riemannian geometry can be extended to a direction-dependent metric using Finsler geometry. Euler Lagrange geodesic calculations have been derived by Finsler geometry, which is expressed as HARDI in sixth order tensor.

• 교육녹색환경연구
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2004

Research has been carried out to study thermal environment in a classroom under three kinds of air diffusion temperature and six kinds of air diffusion direction for ceiling type air conditioner. The velocity and temperature distributions of air in the room calculated by 3-dimensional numerical method(PHOENICS), This present study was also conducted to calculate the Air Diffusion Performance Index(ADPI) for cooling conditions and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied(PPD) for heating conditions. This analysis shows that the optimum angle of ceiling type air conditioner's diffusion is $15{\sim}30^{\circ}$ for cooling mode and about $15{\sim}45^{\circ}$ for heating mode in these calculating conditions. And also analysis has been carried out to evaluate thermal comfort of vertical and horizontal cross section of classroom.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
• /
• pp.635-636
• /
• 2006

In this study, the diffusion behaviors of C and Co in liquid phase sintering of WC-Co system were investigated whether these two components diffused in the same direction in case of having opposite gradient each other with not being $\eta$ phase. The green compacts with controlled compositions in not being of $\eta$ phase and gradient composition which one is WC-5Co-1.2%C, the other is WC-XCo-0.2%C (where X = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25) were sintered at $1350^{\circ}C$ and $1400^{\circ}C$ and then the diffusion behaviors of C and Co were investigated by analyses of compositional change, also determined for microstructure and microhardness. Also, same testing was carried out on the specimens with dual layers sintered in upright and reverse positions to evaluate the effect of gravity on the diffusion in liquid Co. From the results of this study, we can find the fact that the direction of diffusion for C and Co in WC-Co system during liquid phase sintering was different and the effect of gravity for the liquid was insignificant. Also other physical properties were changed on the diffusion of elements.