• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.23 no.1_2
• /
• pp.385-395
• /
• 2007

The dynamics of a prey-predator system, where predator population has two stages, juvenile and adult with harvesting are modelled by a system of delay differential equation. Our analysis shows that, both the delay and harvesting effort may play a significant role on the stability of the system. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the results.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.145-148
• /
• 2004

The performances of M-ary signals using L-branch maximum ratio combining (MRC) diversity reception in correlated Nakagami fading channels are derived theoretically. The coherent reception of M-ary differential phase shift keying (MDPSK), phase shift keying (MPSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) is considered. It is assumed that the fading parameters in each diversity branch are identical. The general formula for evaluating symbol error rate (SER) of M-ary signals in the independent branch diversity system is presented using the integral-form expressions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2008.04a
• /
• pp.50-53
• /
• 2008

The differential equations governing free vibrations of the elastic arches with rectangular hollow section are derived in polar coordinates, in which the effect of rotatory inertia is included. Natural frequencies is computed numerically for circular arches with both clamped ends and both hinged ends. The lowest four natural frequency parameters are reported, with the rotatory inertia, as functions of three non-dimensional system parameters: the breadth ratio, the thickness ratio and the shape ratio.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
• /
• v.53 no.7
• /
• pp.375-381
• /
• 2004

This paper describes a three-winding transformer protective relaying algorithm based on the ratio of increments of flux linkages (RIFL). To minimize the approximation errors, the algorithm uses integration approximation. The RIFL of the two windings is equal to the turns ratio for all operating conditions except for an internal fault. For a single-phase and three-phase transformer containing the wye-connected windings, the increments of flux linkages (IFL) are calculated. For a three-phase transformer containing the delta-connected windings, the difference of IFL between the two phases are calculated to use the line currents, because the winding currents are practically unavailable. Their ratios are compared with the turns ratio. The comparative study between the proposed and differential approximation methods was conducted. The test results show that the algorithm can reduce the errors resulting from the conventional methods.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.570-579
• /
• 2011

This paper deals with free vibrations of the circular curved beams with constant volume, whose cross sectional shapes are the circular solid cross-sections. Volumes of the objective beam are always held in constant regardless shape functions of the cross-sectional radius. The shape functions are chosen as the linear, parabolic and sinusoidal ones. Ordinary differential equations governing free vibrations of such beam are derived and solved numerically for determining the natural frequencies. In numerical examples, the hinged-hinged, hinged-clamped and clamped-clamped end constraints are considered. As the numerical results, relationships between frequency parameters and various beam parameters such as rise ratio, section ratio, elasticity ratio, volume ratio, slenderness ratio and taper type are reported in tables and figures.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.7-7
• /
• 2000

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2000

The multi-region model, to describe preferential flow, is an equation representing solute transport in soils by dividing soil into numerous pore groups and using the hydraulic properties of the soil. As the model partial differential equation (PDE) is solved numerically with finite difference methods. a modified equivalent partial differential equation(MEPDE) of the partial differential equation of the multi-region model is derived to analyze the accuracy and consistency of the solution of the model PDE and the Von Neumann method is used to analyze the stability of the finite difference scheme. The evaluation obtained from the MEPDE indicated that the finite difference scheme was found to be consistent with the model PDE and had the second order accuracy The stability analysis is performed to analyze the model PDE with the amplification ratio and the phase lag using the Von Neumann method. The amplification ratio of the finite difference scheme gave non-dissipative results with various Peclet numbers and yielded the most high values as the Peclet number was one. The phase lag showed that the frequency component of the finite difference scheme lagged the true solution. From the result of the stability analysis for the model PDE, it is analyzed that the model domain should be discretized in the range of Pe < 1.0 and Cr < 2.0 to obtain the more accurate solution.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.1-36
• /
• 2016

In the present study, the nonlinear magneto-electro-mechanical free vibration behavior of rectangular double-bonded sandwich microbeams based on the modified strain gradient theory (MSGT) is investigated. It is noted that the top and bottom sandwich microbeams are considered with boron nitride nanotube reinforced composite face sheets (BNNTRC-SB) with electrical properties and carbon nanotube reinforced composite face sheets (CNTRC-SB) with magnetic fields, respectively, and also the homogenous core is used for both sandwich beams. The connections of every sandwich beam with its surrounding medium and also between them have been carried out by considering Pasternak foundations. To take size effect into account, the MSGT is introduced into the classical Timoshenko beam theory (CT) to develop a size-dependent beam model containing three additional material length scale parameters. For the CNTRC and BNNTRC face sheets of sandwich microbeams, uniform distribution (UD) and functionally graded (FG) distribution patterns of CNTs or BNNTs in four cases FG-X, FG-O, FG-A, and FG-V are employed. It is assumed that the material properties of face sheets for both sandwich beams are varied in the thickness direction and estimated through the extended rule of mixture. On the basis of the Hamilton's principle, the size-dependent nonlinear governing differential equations of motion and associated boundary conditions are derived and then discretized by using generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). A detailed parametric study is presented to indicate the influences of electric and magnetic fields, slenderness ratio, thickness ratio of both sandwich microbeams, thickness ratio of every sandwich microbeam, dimensionless three material length scale parameters, Winkler spring modulus and various distribution types of face sheets on the first two natural frequencies of double-bonded sandwich microbeams. Furthermore, a comparison between the various beam models on the basis of the CT, modified couple stress theory (MCST), and MSGT is performed. It is illustrated that the thickness ratio of sandwich microbeams plays an important role in the vibrational behavior of the double-bonded sandwich microstructures. Meanwhile, it is concluded that by increasing H/lm, the values of first two natural frequencies tend to decrease for all amounts of the Winkler spring modulus.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.178-181
• /
• 2010

Search coil magnetometer has been used for detection of ac magnetic field with high sensitivity. To reduce demagnetizing factor of core and increase S/N ratio of search coil magnetometer, the core was divided by two parts and coil was wound on each cores. Two coils were connected serially and put into amplifier as differential mode. Constructed 120 mm length search coil magnetometer shows linearity of 0.03%, sensitivity of 9.3 mV/nT, and resolution of 20 pT at 1 Hz.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2009

In this paper, I suggested the character recognition methods which are used the centroid method and included the spherical transform from the rectangle coordination for the character recognition system and obtained the results of the above 78.14% average differential ratio for the character features. The character feature extraction system using the spherical transform method is suggested in this paper, and the possibilities of the method which is get the invariant feature for the character transition using the centroid are suggested through the differential ratio results.