• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was attempted to identify the relationship between white blood cell counts and the metabolic syndrome. Methods: This study included 394 adults who visited the medical checkup center placed in Gwangju, January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008. Index of blood test and physical checkup were performed on the study such as triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, fasting sugar and white blood cell counts. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between white blood cell counts, white blood cell differential count and metabolic syndrome with an adjustment age and smoking status. Results: The prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome was 25.3% among males and 13.3% among females, and was particularly high among males in their 40s. The increase in white blood cell counts lead to high prevalence of metabolic syndrome for both males and females. As white blood cell counts increased, the values of body mass index and cardiovascular risk factors were increased significantly. The odds ratio for elevated white blood cell counts increased significantly in the subjects with each components of the metabolic syndrome compared to the subjects without them. The lymphocyte counts in the white blood cell differential counts were higher in patients with metabolic syndrome than in those without. Conclusions: High level of white blood cell counts in normal range can be used as indicator in chronic inflammation. Increased white blood cell counts were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.684-692
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• 2001

To find out the effect of oxytocin on somatic cell count and milk production, 12 primiparous and multiparous Murrah buffaloes were selected, immediately after the parturition, from the Institute's buffalo herd. These were divided into two groups of 6 each. Buffaloes of group I did not receive oxytocin injection (control); whereas, buffaloes of group II were administered oxytocin during early lactation (av. 42.50 days). The oxytocin injection was given in doses of 2.5 IU i.m. before the start of milking, to let down the milk, for a period of 5 days. Samples of milk from individual buffaloes were collected for 5 days before (Period I), during (Period II) and after (Period III) from both the group of buffaloes. Milk samples of A. M. and P. M. milking were composited in proposition to milk yields for analysis of milk constituents. Normal values of somatic cell counts in group I of buffaloes varied from 0.54 to $0.75{\times}10^{5}cells/ml$. Mean cytoplasmic particles and epithelial cells varied from 3.68 to $7.19{\times}10^{5}cells/ml$ and 0.13 to $0.54{\times}10^{5}cells/ml$. On percentage basis the epithelial and the total leucocyte count were 60 and 40. Total leucocyte count, in the study varied from 0.17 to $0.69{\times}10^{5}cells/ml$. The differential cell count of milk indicated presence of lymphocytes (16.50 to $61.16{\times}1000$), neutrophil (0.00 to $2.00{\times}1000$) and monocyte (0.00 to $18.16{\times}1000$). Somatic cell count (p<0.01) and epithelial cells (p<0.05) varied between buffaloes and between periods of study. Total leucocyte counts of milk were also significantly varied between periods (p<0.05). The change in fat, lactose, chloride, EC and NEFA concentrations during different periods of study, were highly significant, indicated diurnal variations in different buffaloes during different days of experiment. Administration of oxytocin resulted in increase in somatic cell counts of milk (p<0.01) due to the increases in total leucocyte count (p<0.01) during the treatment period. The differential cell count indicated that oxytocin administration increased lymphocyte number significantly (p<0.01). However, secretion of neutrophil, monocyte and cytoplasmic particles were not affected by oxytocin. Eosinophil and basophil cell, though present in few samples, remain unaffected by oxytocin administration. There was no effect of oxytocin on milk production, composition, pH, EC and NEFA concentration.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.126-133
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• 2010

Objectives In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of Gami-Bojungikgitang and Gami-Jwagwieum for bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Methods Extracted lyophilization, Gami-Bojungikgitang (96g) and Gami-Jwagwieum (118g) boiled, filtered, depressed, concentrated, and are obtained. They were divided into five groups: normal, group IA; Animal group treated with bleomycin observed on the 21th day, group IB; Animal group treated with bleomycin observed on the 42th day, group IIA; Animal group treated with bleomycin and Gami-Bojungikgitang. Gami-Jwagwieum observed on the 21th day, group IIB; Animal group treated with bleomycin and Gami-Bojungikgitang/Gami-Jwagwieum observed on the 42th day. Mice are used on the 42th day and as a result, bronchoalveolar lavages fluid is obtained. Counting total number of cells, different ratio of macrophage, lymphocyte, and neutrophil are established. Results In animal group treated with bleomycin and Gami-Bojungikgitang, total cell count decreased by 50% in 3 weeks compared to animal group with non-administrated Gami-Bojungikgitang. However, total cell count in 6 weeks increased compared to 3 weeks although total cell count still decreased compared to animal group with non-administrated Gami-Bojungikgitang. In the view of differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavages fluid in treatment group on 3 and 6 weeks, neutrophile was a few and lymphocyte decreased. In animal group treated with bleomycin and Gami-Jwagwieum, total cell count decreased by 50% in 3 and 6 weeks compared to animal group with non-administrated Gami-Jwagwieum. In the view of differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavages fluid in treatment group on 3 and 6 weeks, lymphocyte also decreased. Conclusions Gami-Bojungikgitang and especially Gami-Jwagwieum for bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice were effective in total cell count and differential cell count.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1174-1182
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutritional status and the immunocompetence of elderly women residing in urban and rural areas. Dietary food records and anthropometric measurements were used to evaluate the nutritional status of subjects. The immune function of subjects was assessed by total and differential white blood cell(WBC) counts. Total B and T Lymphocytes, and T cell subsets were quantified by flow-cytometer. Immunoglobulin G, A, and M concentrations were also measured as an index of humoral immunity. Elderly women in rural area showed a relatively lower dietary intake of total energy, protein, and iron than did urban elderly women. Total WBC, neutrophil counts, eosinophil counts, and the percentage of neutrophils among total leukocytes were significantly higher in urban elderly women than in rural women. Although the numbers of lymphocytes were not significantly different, the percentage of Lymphocytes among total leukocytes as greater in rural elderly women than in urban. Both groups did not show any significant differences in numbers of T cell subsets and NK cells. Immunoglobulin G, A, and M levels were not significantly different between the two groups, but the numbers of subjects placed under the deficient range of immunoglobulins were greater in rural than in urban elderly women. from the present study, it could be suggested that poor nutritional intake may selectively affect the number of immune cells, thereby influencing the immunocompetence of elderly women. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) 1174-1182, 1998)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.203-207
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of Oligonol intake on cortisol, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 concentrations in the serum at rest and after physical exercise loading. Nineteen healthy sedentary male volunteers participated in this study. The physical characteristics of the subjects were: a mean height of $174.2{\pm}2.7$ cm, a mean weight of $74.8{\pm}3.6$ kg and a mean age of $22.8{\pm}1.3$ years. Each subject received 0.5 L water with Oligonol (100 mg/day) (n = 10) or a placebo (n = 9) daily for four weeks. The body composition, the white blood cell (WBC) and differential counts as well as the serum cortisol, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 concentrations were measured before and after Oligonol intake. The cortisol concentration and serum levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 after Oligonol intake were significantly decreased compared to before treatment (P < 0.01, respectively). In addition, the rate of increase of these factors after exercise was decreased compared to the placebo group. There was no change in the WBC and differential cell counts. These results suggest that oral Oligonol intake for four weeks had a significant effect on inhibition of inflammatory markers in healthy young men.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.99-103
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to develop a simple detection method, possibly at the species-level, that allows for large-scale screening of bifidobacteria. Human fecal samples were plated on MRS-raffinose agar containing cysteine and neomycin sulfate, serving as selective pressure for bifidobacteria, and 0.003%(w/v) bromocresol green. All of the test strains grew well on this medium at $37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, forming white colonies surrounded by yellow halos, which presented a sharp contrast against the green background. In this disc assay, the required incubation time to develop a yellowish zone varied with the species of Bifidobacterium that was tested, allowing for differential counts and easy identification at the species-level: 10-14 hr for B. bifidum, 20-22 hr for B. catenulatum and B. infantis. and 24-25 hr for B. longum and B. breve. No apparent color was observed for B. angulatum and B. adolescentis 28 hr after inoculation. To evaluate the results of pH indicator-based identification, individual isolates were subjected to a colony-PCR experiment with genus-specific primers. The amplified products from the isolates were in good accordance with those from the reference strains at a level of 95% agreement. These results suggest that the present method could be conveniently applied to cell counts, as well as to the preliminary identification of bifidobacteria from a variety of sample types including human feces, dairy products, and commercial probiotic supplements.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

The current observational epidemiological study analyzed blood lead levels (BLLs) in occupationally exposed workers from Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia and correlated them with the alterations in the differential cell populations of the WBC panel (lymphocytes [Lym %], mixed [Mid %] cells, and neutrophils [Neu %]). In addition, we examined the effect of confounding factors and their relation to BLLs. BLLs were estimated using the LeadCare II analyzer and hematological parameters using the ADVIA 120 analyser. An inferential analysis was conducted to detect association between the observations and the subjects' clinical characateristics. A total of 132 male subjects were included in the final analyses. Based on CDC guidelines, the subjects were categorized as Group I (BLL <10 ㎍/dL; n=118) or Group II (BLL >10 ㎍/dL; n=14) with average BLLs of 4.4 ㎍/dL and 18.1 ㎍/dL, respectively (p <0.0001). The percentages of Mid cells (p <0.0001) and neutrophils (p=0.048), were significantly altered in subjects with High BLL. A regression analysis indicated that subjects > 50 years of age had significantly higher BLLs (53.2 ㎍/dL) than younger age sub-groups (p <0.0001). Age, education, and profession were significant predictors for lead toxicity. Pb exposure is a major public health issue in Saudi Arabia and calls for further investigations on the cellular and molecular effects on hematological system.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to define the normal findings of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the clinically healthy Beagle dogs and to provide basic information in diagnosis of neurologic disorders. CSF obtained from 13 clinically healthy dogs was examined for total and differential cell counts, total protein concentration, glucose and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration, specific gravity, turbidity, and protein electrophoresis. On gross examination, CSF samples evaluated were clear and colorless. Few red blood cells and nucleated cells were present. The mean concentration of glucose and LDH examined were 65.8 mg/dl and 2.7 mg/dl, respectively. The cellular components of CSF samples based on differential counts were monocytes (41.9%), activated macrophages (35.8%), lymphocytes (20.0%), neutrophils (1.6%), and eosinophils (0.7%). The fractions of electrophoretic protein in CSF were albumin (52.7%), alpha-globulin (16.5%), beta-globulin (24.8%), and gamma-globulin (3.0%). Results of albumin quota were ranged from 0.15 to 0.38. In conclusion, this study provided normal composition of CSF in Beagle dogs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.752-759
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• 1994

It is accepted that colostral macrophages have protective effects on gastrointestinal tract of the neonates. Macrophages act as a major defensive cells in colostrum and serve as a main source of colostral prostaglandins which are known to exert cytoprotection for gastrointestinal tract of neonates against infectious agents and drugs such as aspirin. This study was conducted to evaluate the total cell numbers and differential counts for macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes in colostrum of Korean mothers. To compare the level of PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1$\alpha$, and TXB2 between colostrum and serum of postpartum mothers, radioimmunoassay adopting eicosanoids-antibody complex method was applied instead of charcoal method. The results were as follows : 1) Total defensive cell count was 7.6$\pm$2,37$\times$106 cells/ml, differential counts of macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes were 57.49$\pm$4.14%, 37.98$\pm$4.43% and 4.29$\pm$0.73% respectively. 2) The order of prostaglandin level in colostrum which are known to enhance development and cytoprotection of gastrointestinal tract, was 6-keto-PGF1$\alpha$, TXB2 and PGE2. Colostral PGE2 level was 584.6$\pm$72.3 pg/ml, higher than that of serum(p<0.01). 6-keto-PGF1$\alpha$, the most abundant prostaglandin in colostrum was higher than in serum level, too (p<0.01). Serum TXB2 level of postpartum mothers(n=42) was higher nine times than that of colostrum(p<0.01), which seems to cause vasoconstriction of uterus in postpartum period. 3) In preterm mothers, serum level of TXB2 level in both groups.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.327-336
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• 1993

Present experiments were undertaken in order to clarify the effect of splenectomy on the hematology and marrow megakaryocyte picture and to know the genesis of postsplenectomy thrombocytosis in dogs. Six mongrel dogs weighing 8.5~18㎏ were used, of which three were splenectomized and the other three were laparotomized for comparison. Erythrocyte count, total and differential leukocyte counts, thrombocyte count and packed cell volume measurement were made using the blood samples. In addition, bone marrow samples obtained from the femur at 7th and 23rd day of the operation were examined for the number per low-power field, the diameter, and the distribution frequency of the megakaryocyte. From these experiments, following results were obtained : Erythrocyte count and packed cell volume showed significant decrease beginning on the 15th day of splenectomy. Total and differential leukocyte counts showed marked increase for the first 2 days of postsplenectomy. The thrombocyte count of splenectomized dogs increased from the 2nd day of the operation, reached to the peak count on the 15th day, and returned to the preoperation count by the 28th day. The megakaryocyte count per low-power field of the biopsied preparation increased in according to the increase in thrombocyte count. The megakaryocyte diameter of splenectomized dog showed no increase on the 7th or 23rd day of the operation. However, the distribution frequency of the larger megakaryocyte was higher in the splenectomized dogs than in the laparotomized dogs. The total plasma protein concentration showed no significant change after splenectomy or laparotomy. From these results, it may be concluded that the postsplenectomy thrombocytosis results from the increased megakaryocytopoesis or the activated thrombocytopoesis of the marrow megakaryocytes.