• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1512-1523
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to examine the effect of switching barrier perception on store loyalty in apparel product purchasing to classify the factors of switching barrier perception, and additionally ot identify differences of store loyalty and switching barrier perception according to demographic characteristics. The questionnaire was administered to 300 women shopped in a department store in Gwang-ju city during February 10-23, 2001. Data collected from 261 women were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan-test, regression analysis by SPSS for windows PC program. The results were as follows; 1. The consumer’s perceived switching barrier was composed of three factors; economic psychological, time factor. 2. There was significant difference in store loyalty according to consumer’s age, occupation, education level. and income. 3. There was significant differences in economic. time switching barrier perception according to consumers’age, occupation education level, and income. There was significant difference in psychological switching barrier perception according to consumers’ occupation education level, and income. 4. The swiching barrier perception significantly infulenced on the store loyalty.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.230-238
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in self-competence, social anxiety and depression in upper level primary school children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 180 students in grades 5 or 6 (83 boys and 97 girls). The instruments used for this study were a self-report questionnaire, the Self-Perception Profile for Children, the Revised Social Anxiety Scales for Children (SASC-R) and a Depression Instrument. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression were used with the SPSS/PC ver 12.0 program. Results: The only gender difference was in depression and girls reported more depression than boys. Social competence showed significantly negative correlations with depression and social anxiety. Gender differences were found in self competence in the prediction of depression and social anxiety. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there are gender differences in self competence which influence depression and social anxiety. Thus, enhancing self-competence could prevent social anxiety and depression in children but, differences in gender should be considered when developing programs to enhance self-competence.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.271-279
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• 2021

This study wanted to see if there was a difference in the development of counselors before and after sandplay education analysis and verbal education analysis. Ten people were selected for the sandplay education analysis and the level of counselor development before and after receiving the verbal education analysis, divided into three groups that received the verbal education analysis, and the three groups that received the language education analysis. A nonparametric test, Kruskal-Wallis test, was conducted to identify differences in the results of the pre-parametric test, and a nonparametric test, Wilcoxon signed tank test was conducted to identify differences in the pre-post test results. Studies have shown that there is a statistically significant difference in the overall development of counselors and in case of case, in the whole of sandplay education analysis groups, while those that received verbal education analysis and those that did not receive education analysis do not have a statistically significant difference in the level of counselors development. This study is meaningful as it proves that sand play education analysis is effective in the development of counselors.

• The Korean Fashion and Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.449-457
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate perceived service qualities in cosmetics purchasing and, those difference and consumer satisfaction among cosmetics store types. Data were collected from 276 adult females and analyzed by using frequencies, factor analysis, reliability analysis, ANOVA and duncan test utilizing SPSS WIN 10.0. The results showed that consumers perceived service quality such as reliability and responsiveness, product policy, tangibles, store atmosphere policy, business policy, sales policy to cosmetics store. There were significant differences on service quality among cosmetics store types. Consumers using department stores highly perceived factors such as reliability and responsiveness, product policy, tangibles, store and atmosphere policy, but consumers using common cosmetics store lowly perceived these factors. There were significant differences with regard to use effect and pleasure in using to satisfaction among cosmetics store types. Use effect was revealed the highest to consumers purchasing cosmetics in department stores but the lowest in discount stores. Pleasure in using was revealed the highest consumers using department stores but the lowest common cosmetics store.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2010

No systematic study has examined the relationship between acoustic variability and /w/-deletion in Korean. Most previous studies on /w/-deletion have described /w/-variants in categorical terms, i.e., /w/-deletion or a full glide (Silva 1991; Kang 1997; Yun 2005). These studies are based either on impressionistic judgements without a systematic acoustic analysis or on an exclusive examination of internal acoustic variability of /w/ such as F2, without examining the availability of external acoustic cues such as voice onset time (VOT) of a consonant. However, given the important influence of the adjacent sounds for segmental realizations, it is necessary to examine possible acoustic variability in the differentiation of /w/-variants. The present study aims to address this issue by evaluating the acoustic properties of /CwV/, including VOT and formant transitions. In the analysis, 432 tokens in word-initial position (216 /CwV/ words and 216 /CV/ words) were examined. The results indicated that /w/ exhibits four different variants. Firstly, /w/ is realized as a full glide. Such a variant is characterized by a VOT difference and significant differences in F1 and F2 at voicing onset compared with /CwV/ and /CV/. Secondly, /w/ can be maintained but coarticulated with the following vowel. Such a variant is demonstrated by differences in VOT and F2. Thirdly, /w/ is categorically deleted, which is indicated by the absence of any differences in VOT, F1, and F2. Fourthly, /w/ overlaps a consonant. The F2 difference without VOT difference is manifested in the variant. In contrast to VOT, F1, and F2 differences, pitch plays little role in determining /w/-variants in Korean. These findings suggest that allophones can be produced along a gradient continuum of acoustic cues, exhibiting sounds intermediate between the full realization of a given category and its deletion. Furthermore, each variant can be cued by a set of internal and external acoustic cues.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Objectives: To study symptom differentiation for yang deficiency and blood heat based on 117 psoriasis patients. Methods: Obtained frequency analysis (%), mean (%), and OR, CL(P-value) with prospective pre-post intervention design and multiple regression analysis. Results: There were no statistically significant differences as to sex, BMI, smoking and marital status, but there were statistically significant differences in variables of average age, family history, and alcohol consumption (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in psoriasis symptoms as to initial age of onset, morbidity span, area of the initial onset, and the progression of psoriasis during the last three months of each patient. However, the type of psoriasis showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.011). While there were no statistically significant differences as to common cold, condition of psoriasis after recovering from the cold, skin condition, exercise, and seasonality, irregular perspiration showed significant difference (p<0.00). When confounding factors have been controlled the blood heat patient group as the comparison group, multiple regression analysis showed OR, CI(95%) of 1.06(0.31-3.63) for men, 0.28(0.08-1.06) for aged 30 to 49,0 and 0.18(0.04-0.80) for aged 50 and older. it was 0.06(0.01-0.7) for family history, 1.06(0.29-3.88) for drink alcohol, 19.90(2.53-156.7) for seasonality, and 10.28 (3.19-33.11) for perspiration problems. In these variables, Sex, age, smoking, and alcohol consumption showed no statistically significant results, but family history(p=0.049), seasonality(p=0.005), and irregular perspiration (p=0.017) were statistically significant. Conclusion: Family history, seasonality and irregular perspiration are the determining factors for yang deficiency and blood heat in psoriasis.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.201-216
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• 2005

This study investigated of the differences of the image between the domestic and china tourist of the visiting in busan metropolitan city and their image evaluation were different according to the nationality. The attribute for the destination image types were measured using 27 items. The factors involved in the destination image were analysis and 7 factors emerged. The result are as follows. First, Between the domestic and china tourist of living appeared to statistical different of the destination image. Second, Between destination image and revisiting preference appeared to statistical difference. Third, Between destination image and revisiting preference appeared to statistical difference according to the nationality. Forth, Between destination image and revisiting preference appeared to statistical partially difference according to the nationality. Finally it is also appeared to the statistical difference on the job. ANOVA, t-test was utilized for the above analysis which revealed that a statistic partially difference exited between domestic and china tourist.

• Proceedings of the Korea Hospitality Industry Research Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.21-33
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• 2005

This study investigated of the differences of the image between the domestic and china tourist of the visiting in busan metropolitan city and their image evaluation were different according to the nationality. The attribute for the destination image types were measured using 27 items. The factors involved in the destination image were analysis and 7 factors emerged. The result are as follows. First, Between the domestic and china tourist of living appeared to statistical different of the destination image. Second, Between destination image and revisiting preference appeared to statistical difference. Third, Between destination image and revisiting preference appeared to statistical difference according to the nationality. Forth, Between destination image and revisiting preference appeared to statistical partially difference according to the nationality. Finally it is also appeared to the statistical difference on the job. ANOVA, t-test was utilized for the above analysis which revealed that a statistic partially difference exited between domestic and china tourist.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 1997

We have investigated a relationship between conformational preferences of various substituents in monosubstituted cyclohexanes and pertinent torsional parameter values in molecular mechanics calculations. We have manipulated torsional parameters to supply a certain energy difference between gauche and anti conformers, and applied those parameters to monosubstituted cyclohexanes. After investigating 6 different substituents, namely Me, SiH3, F, Cl, Br, and I, MM3 calculations show that (1) the MM3 calculated A values with the current torsional parameters reproduce the available experimental values well, (2) the conformational energy difference between axial and equatorial conformations (the A value) correlates perfectly with the gauche/anti energy differences of the corresponding butane-like fragment (correlation coefficient=l.000), and (3) the A values are essentially twice as the gauche/anti energy differences (slopes=1.86-2.00). On the basis of our analysis, the A values as well as the gauche/anti energy differences are easily calibrated by an adjustment of the relevant torsional parameter. Thus, our technique for tuning the torsional parameters may be of great use in updating molecular mechanics results about conformational preferences whenever a further refinement is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1190-1202
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• 2009

A 3D body scan measurement (SM) is used as an alternative to physical measurements (PM) as the information for designing industrial products. This study compared the mean difference (MD) between SM and PM by gender and analyzed the causes of the difference. The data used in this study were the scan measurements and physical measurements of adults aged twenty to seventy years old of the fifth Size Korea survey. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The comparison of MD between men and women for all subjects: The measurement of the significant differences between men and women were height, neck base girth, chest girth, under-bust girth, waist girth, armscye girth, back length, and foot length. The causes of difference are the difference of body shape. 2. The comparison of MD between men and women by BMI groups: Many measurements had significant differences between men and women at normal weight and overweight but underweight. Some measurements had significant differences only at a specific BMI group because the body shape difference between men and women is revealed clearly in the group. The comparison of MD between men and women by age groups: The measurements that show significant difference at more than four age groups were neck girth, chest girth, under-bust girth, waist girth, armscye girth, and foot length. The height and abdomen girth had a significant difference in the age range of 20's and 30's. There were measurements that increase MD with an increase in age; under-bust girth and lateral shoulder length for women and lateral shoulder length for men. This comparison of MD between men and women provide the correct guidelines for the use of SM.