• 제목/요약/키워드: Difference-In-Difference (DiD)

검색결과 34건 처리시간 0.023초

Effect of the volumetric dimensions of a complete arch on the accuracy of scanners

  • Kim, Min-Kyu;Son, KeunBaDa;Yu, Beom-Young;Lee, Kyu-Bok
    • The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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    • 제12권6호
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    • pp.361-368
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    • 2020
  • PURPOSE. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a desktop scanner and intraoral scanners based on the volumetric dimensions of a complete arch. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Seven reference models were fabricated based on the volumetric dimensions of complete arch (70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 110%, 120%, and 130%). The reference models were digitized using an industrial scanner (Solutionix C500; MEDIT) for the fabrication of a computer-aided design (CAD) reference model (CRM). The reference models were digitized using three intraoral scanners (CS3600, Trios3, and i500) and one desktop scanner (E1) to fabricate a CAD test model (CTM). CRM and CTM were then superimposed using inspection software, and 3D analysis was conducted. For statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance was used to verify the difference in accuracy based on the volumetric dimensions of the complete arch and the accuracy based on the scanners, and the differences among the groups were analyzed using the Tukey HSD test as a post-hoc test (α=.05). RESULTS. The three different scanners showed a significant difference in accuracy based on the volumetric dimensions of the complete arch (P<.05), but the desktop scanner did not show a significant difference in accuracy based on the volumetric dimensions of the complete arch (P=.808). CONCLUSION. The accuracy of the intraoral scanners was dependent on the volumetric dimensions of the complete arch, but the volumetric dimensions of the complete arch had no effect on the accuracy of the desktop scanner. Additionally, depending on the type of intraoral scanners, the accuracy differed according to the volumetric dimensions of the complete arch.

Use of Dried Stoned Olive Pomace in the Feeding of Lactating Buffaloes: Effect on the Quantity and Quality of the Milk Produced

  • Terramoccia, S.;Bartocci, S.;Taticchi, A.;Di Giovanni, S.;Pauselli, M.;Mourvaki, E.;Urbani, S.;Servili, M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제26권7호
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    • pp.971-980
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    • 2013
  • Dried stoned olive pomace (DSOP) was administered to dairy water buffaloes, and their productive performance and milk composition were analysed. Sixteen pluriparous lactating buffaloes were divided into two uniform groups (control and experimental), taking into consideration the following parameters: milk production (2,192 and 2,102 kg) and duration of lactation (254 and 252 d) of the previous year, distance from calving (51 and 43 d), milk production (9.71 and 10.18 kg/d), body condition score (BCS) (6.44 and 6.31) and weight (617 and 653 kg) at the beginning of the trial. Both diets had the same formulation: second cut alfalfa hay 20%, corn silage 42%, concentrate 38% but the two concentrates differed in their formulation, the experimental one contained 15.50% of DSOP as fed. The employed DSOP showed high amounts of secoiridoids, such as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (3,4-DHPEA) (1.2 g/kg DM), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-elenolic acid di-aldehyde (3,4-DHPEA-EDA) (12.6 g/kg DM), p-hydroxyphenylethanol-elenolic acid di-aldehyde (p-HPEA-EDA) (5.6 g/kg DM) and lignans, which are known to be powerful bioactive compounds. The control diet had an energy-protein content of 0.86 Milk FU/kg DM and 143.3 g/kg DM of crude protein, whereas the experimental diet of 0.87 Milk FU/kg DM and 146.6 g/kg DM of crude protein. Each animal of the two groups received 17 kg DM/d and each buffalo of the experimental group, by way of the concentrate, ingested 1.05 kg DM/d of DSOP. The trial lasted 40 days. No significant difference was found between the BCS (6.41 and 6.53), live weight (625.93 and 662.50 kg) and milk production (9.69 and 10.08 kg/d) of the two groups, as was the case for fat, protein, lactose, pH and coagulating parameters of the two milks. The milk fat of the experimental group had a significantly higher content of total tocopherols (10.45 vs $8.60{\mu}g/g$, p<0.01) and retinol (3.17 vs $2.54{\mu}g/g$, p<0.01). The content of the reactive substances with tiobarbituric acid (TBARs) was significantly lower in the milk fat of the experimental group (12.09 vs $15.05{\mu}g$ MDA/g, p<0.01). The acid content of the milk fat of the experimental group had a significantly higher content (p<0.05) of C18:0 and of $C18:3{\omega}6$. LC-MS/MS analysis showed the presence of 3,4-DHPEA ($36.0{\mu}g/L$) in the milk of the DSOP-fed buffaloes, while other phenols were not found. DSOP, in the quantity utilized, can be used in the feeding of the lactating buffalo; the dietetic-nutritional characteristics of the milk are improved due to a greater contribution of tocopherols, retinol and the presence of hydroxytyrosol.

지방산으로 개질된 글리세라이드가 실리카 충진 배합고무의 가황과 기계적 물성에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Glyceride Modified by Fatty Acid on Mechanical Properties of Silica filled Rubber Compounds)

  • 김동욱;김창환;정호균;강용구
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • 제48권2호
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    • pp.114-124
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    • 2013
  • 글리세라이드의 지방산 사슬길이 및 구조적 차이에 따른 영향을 평가하기 위하여 팜오일에서 추출된 글리세롤과 palmitic acid, stearic acid등 사슬길이가 $C_{12}{\sim}C_{18}$인 지방산을 이용하여, mono, di, tri등 다양한 글리세라이드 구조를 가진 신규 분산제를 합성하였고, 이를 실리카 충진배합물에 적용하여 기존의 금속염 분산제와 비교평가 하였다. 실험결과, 글리세라이드 분산제는 기존의 금속염 지방산 분산제 대비 혼합고무 내 윤활효과가 낮아서 혼합고무의 점도는 높으나, 실리카 분산이 크게 향상됨을 확인하였다. 이는 기계적 물성과 마모성능, Payne effect로 확인되었다. 또한 글리세라이드의 지방산 사슬길이가 길수록, 글리세롤에 중합된 지방산 수가 적을수록(tri- < di-< mono-glyceride)혼합고무 내 실리카 분산특성은 향상되었다.

Evaluation of internal fit of interim crown fabricated with CAD/CAM milling and 3D printing system

  • Lee, Wan-Sun;Lee, Du-Hyeong;Lee, Kyu-Bok
    • The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.265-270
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    • 2017
  • PURPOSE. This study is to evaluate the internal fit of the crown manufactured by CAD/CAM milling method and 3D printing method. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The master model was fabricated with stainless steel by using CNC machine and the work model was created from the vinyl-polysiloxane impression. After scanning the working model, the design software is used to design the crown. The saved STL file is used on the CAD/CAM milling method and two types of 3D printing method to produce 10 interim crowns per group. Internal discrepancy measurement uses the silicon replica method and the measured data are analyzed with One-way ANOVA to verify the statistic significance. RESULTS. The discrepancy means (standard deviation) of the 3 groups are $171.6\;(97.4){\mu}m$ for the crown manufactured by the milling system and 149.1 (65.9) and $91.1\;(36.4){\mu}m$, respectively, for the crowns manufactured with the two types of 3D printing system. There was a statistically significant difference and the 3D printing system group showed more outstanding value than the milling system group. CONCLUSION. The marginal and internal fit of the interim restoration has more outstanding 3D printing method than the CAD/CAM milling method. Therefore, the 3D printing method is considered as applicable for not only the interim restoration production, but also in the dental prosthesis production with a higher level of completion.

A DFT Study on the Polarizability of Di-substituted Arene (o-, m-, p-) Molecules used as Supercharging Reagents during Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

  • Abaye, Daniel A.;Aniagyei, Albert;Adedia, David;Nielsen, Birthe V.;Opoku, Francis
    • Mass Spectrometry Letters
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.49-57
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    • 2022
  • During electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of proteins, the addition of supercharging agents allows for adjusting the maximal charge state, affecting the charge state distribution, and increases the number of ions reaching the detector thus, improving signal detection. We postulate that in di-substituted arene isomers, molecules with higher polarizability values should generate greater interactions and hence elicit higher signal intensities. Polarizability is an electronic parameter which has been demonstrated to predict many chemical interactions. Many properties can be predicted based on charge polarization. Molecular polarizability is a vital descriptor for explaining intermolecular interactions. We employed DFT (density functional/Hartree-Fock hybrid model, B3LYP)-derived descriptors and computed molecular polarizability for ten disubstituted arene reagents, each set made up of three (ortho, meta, para) isomers, with reported use as supercharging reagents during ESI experiments. The atomic electronic inputs were ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), electronegativity (𝛘), hardness (η), chemical potential (µ), and dipole moment (D). We determined that the para isomers showed the highest polarizability values in nine of the ten sets. There was no difference between the ortho and meta isomers. Polarizability also increased with increasing complexity of the substituents on the benzene ring. Polarizability correlated positively with IP, EA, 𝛘, η, and D but correlated negatively with chemical potential. This DFT study predicts that the para isomers of di-substituted arene isomers should elicit the strongest ESI responses. An experimental comparison of the three isomers, especially of larger supercharging molecules, could be carried out to establish this premise.

A Stereoselective Asymmetric Synthesis of Antibiotic (-)-Fumagillol Using Claisen Rearrangement and Intramolecular Ester Enolate Alkylation as Key Steps

  • Kim Deukjoon;Ahn Soon Kil;Bae Hoon;Kim Hak Sung
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.129-141
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    • 2005
  • (-)-Fumagillol (1), a hydrolysis product of fumagillin, has been synthesized by several group from commercially available 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-${\alpha}$-D-allofuranose in a highly stereoselective manner. Chiral centers on C5 and C6 came from D-allofuranose and the asymmetric center on C4 was accomplished by 1,3-chirality transfer using the Claisen rearrangement on a chiral allyl alcohol. Chirality, which is necessary on an epoxide consisting of the spiro-ring system, was diastereoselectively constructed by the well-known reaction, intramolecular ester enolate alkylation (IEEA), which showed that this reaction can be applied to the alpha-alkoxy ester system. The epoxide on the side chain was regioselectively introduced by the difference between the number of substituents on the vinyl groups. This accomplishment proved that IEEA can be a useful tool for the synthesis of complex molecules.

균일한 간격을 가진 비원형환상공간에서의 자연대류에 관한 수치해석 및 실험적 연구 (A Numerical and Experimental Study of Natural Convection in the Annulus between Horizontal Non-Circular Cylinders with a Uniform Gap)

  • 배대석;권순석
    • 설비공학논문집
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    • 제2권4호
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    • pp.257-267
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    • 1990
  • A numerical and experimental investigation has been carried out to understand a characteristic of natural convection within a horizontal non-circular annulus. A finite-difference method has been used to solve the governing equations numerically. The effect of Rayleigh number. Prandtl number, aspect ratio and diameter ratio is studied analytically. The ranges of the parameters studied herein are Rayleigh number from $10^3$ to $2{\times}10^4$, Prandtl number from 0.1 to 10, aspect ratio from 0.25 to 1.5 and diameter ratio from 1.5 to 9.0. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used to obtain isothermal fringes for a diameter ratio Do/Di=2.6 and aspect ratio H/L=0.75 experimentally. A comparison between the experimental and numerical results under similar conditions shows good agreement.

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지료의 제타전위 측정을 통한 형광증백제의 흡착 평가 (Adsorption Analysis of Fluorescent Whitening Agent on Cellulosic Fibers by Zeta Potential Measurement)

  • 이지영;김은혜;김철환;박종혜
    • 펄프종이기술
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    • 제47권6호
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    • pp.106-112
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    • 2015
  • Many researchers have proposed analytical methods to measure the adsorption of di-sulpho fluorescent whitening agents (D-FWAs), but practical methods for D-FWA utilization in an actual paper mill have not been established. In particular, the D-FWA adsorption behavior must be monitored in paper mills to ensure the effective use of D-FWAs. This study used the zeta-potential of pulps as an indicator of the adsorption behavior of a D-FWA. We identified the relationship between the actual adsorption of the D-FWA and the zeta-potential of the pulps as a function of D-FWA addition. zeta-potential measurements were then used to analyze the D-FWA adsorption behavior under different conditions of pulp type, conductivity, and pH. The actual adsorption of a D-FWA was proportional to the ${\Delta}zeta-potential$ of the pulps (i.e., the difference between the zeta-potential of a pulp containing no D-FWA and one containing the D-FWA). The ${\Delta}zeta-potential$ of the pulps was therefore adopted for adsorption analysis. A higher adsorption of the D-FWA was observed onto Hw-BKP than onto Sw-BKP because of the shorter fiber length and higher fines content of Hw-BKP. A high conductivity and an acidic pH decreased the D-FWA adsorption because of direct effects of high ion concentrations and low pH on the D-FWA solubility. Therefore, a D-FWA must be added to Hw-BKP under low conductivity conditions and at neutral or alkaline pH to optimize the D-FWA adsorption.

폐 전지로부터 재활용 과정을 통한 란타넘, 네오디뮴 회수에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Recovery of Lantanum and Neodymium from Waste Battery Through the Recycling Process)

  • 채병만;이석환;김득현;서은주;김현일;이승환;이상우
    • 청정기술
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.116-121
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구에서는 유가금속 회수를 한 전기차 폐배터리 부산물의 재활용에 관하여 연구하였다. 폐배터리 부산물에는 희토류들이 남아있으나, 부산물의 형태로는 소재로서의 가치가 없기에 정제과정을 거쳐 희토류 산화물로 회수하였다. 희토류침전분말 형태의 부산물을 30% 수산화나트륨을 이용하여 가공이 편한 수산화물로 변환한 뒤, 옥살산의 용해도 차이를 이용하여 남아 있는 불순물을 정제한 뒤, D2EHPA (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid)를 사용하여 이트륨을 분리하였다. 과망가니즈산 칼륨을 이용하여 세륨을 분리 후, PC88A (2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester)를 사용하여 란타넘과 네오디뮴을 분리하였다. 그 후 800 ℃의 온도에서 소성하여 란타넘, 네오디뮴 산화물로 재생하는 방법을 확인하였다.

딥러닝 기반 윤곽정보 추출자를 활용한 RPC 보정 기술 적용성 분석 (Analysis of Applicability of RPC Correction Using Deep Learning-Based Edge Information Algorithm)

  • 허재원;이창희;서두천;오재홍;이창노;한유경
    • 대한원격탐사학회지
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.387-396
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    • 2024
  • 대부분의 고해상도 위성영상은 rational polynomial coefficients (RPC) 정보를 제공하여 지상좌표와 영상좌표 간 변환을 수행한다. 그러나 초기 RPC에는 기하학적 오차가 존재하여 ground control points (GCPs)와의 정합을 통해 보정을 수행하여야 한다. GCP chip은 항공정사영상에서 추출한 높이 정보가 포함된 작은 영상 패치(patch)이다. 많은 선행연구에서는 영역 기반 정합 기법을 사용하여 고해상도 위성영상과 GCP chip 간 정합을 수행하였다. 계절적 차이나 변화된 지역이 존재하는 영상에서는 화소값에 의존하는 정합이 어렵기 때문에 윤곽 정보를 추출하여 정합을 수행하기도 한다. 그러나 일반적으로 사용하는 canny 기법으로 정합에 용이한 윤곽을 추출하기 위해서는 위성영상의 분광 특성에 적절한 임계치를 설정해주어야 하는 문제가 존재한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 위성영상의 지역별 특성에 둔감한 윤곽 정보를 활용하여 RPC 보정을 위한 정합을 수행하고자 한다. 이를 위해 딥러닝 기반 윤곽 정보 추출 네트워크인 pixel difference network (PiDiNet)를 활용하여 위성영상과 GCP chip의 윤곽맵(edge map)을 각각 생성하였다. 그 후 생성된 윤곽맵을 normalized cross-correlation과 relative edge cross-correlation의 입력데이터로 대체하여 영역 기반의 정합을 수행하였다. 마지막으로 RPC 보정에 필요한 변환모델 계수를 도출하기 위하여 data snooping 기법을 반복적으로 적용하여 참정합쌍을 추출하였다. 오정합쌍을 제거한 참정합쌍에 대해 root mean square error (RMSE)를 도출하고 기존에 사용하던 상관관계 기법과 결과를 정성적으로 비교하였다. 실험 결과, PiDiNet은 약 0.3~0.9 화소의 RMSE 값 분포를 보였으나 canny 기법에 비해 두꺼운 윤곽을 나타내어 일부 영상에서 미세하게 정확도가 저하되는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 위성영상 내 특징적인 윤곽을 일관적으로 나타냄으로써 정합이 어려운 지역에서도 정합이 잘 수행되는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 윤곽 기반 정합 기법의 강인성을 개선하여 다양한 지역에서의 정합을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.