• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 1985

When a digital filter implementation is based on a difference equation, the frequency characteristics cannot be obtained by direct computation, but be obtained by experiment or analogized by Z-transform. In this paper, the method to compute the frequency magnitude response of the function expressed in a difference equation is derived from PARSEVAL's relation. To verify the validity of this new method two types of digital filters are implemented. Both filters' characteristics are measured and their values are compared with the value obtained by a Z-transform and with the value by a difference equation. The result shows that the measured values and the values obtained by the difference equaton are more closer than the values by a Z-transform. And the difference-equaton-based filters' showed sharper roll off characteristics than the Z-transform-based filters. Therefore when a digital filter implementation is based on a difference equation, the characteristics computation by a difference equation predicts better practical results than based on Z-transform.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.310-317
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• 2010

Middle aged women these days not only consider themselves as younger than actual, maintain figures and looks of younger women, but also show a big interest to fashion goods as younger generations. The TV media has a big influence on this trend. This study is conducted to figure out how the TV media involvement of middle aged women affects their difference age, youth-pursuing clothing behavior and fashion leadership. After the survey, a total of 326 questionnaires completed by women of their 40s and 50s were used to this analysis. The results are as follows, 1. The highest cognitive age of middle aged women was the look age, and the lowest was the feel age in the 40s, and the interest age in the 50s. And it was shown that the difference age were 7.05 years for the 40s and 9.10 years for the 50s. 2. The TV media involvement had a significant influence on the difference age as its antecedent. And the TV media involvement affected directly the youth-pursuing clothing behavior and fashion leadership. The higher the TV media involvement was, the higher difference age and fashion leadership were shown. 3. The difference age was shown as mediating the TV media involvement and the youth-pursuing clothing behavior, and the TV media involvement and fashion leadership only partially. 4. The youth-pursuing clothing behaviors were influenced by TV media involvement and difference age. Conclusionally, this study revealed that the TV media had a great influence on middle-aged women's clothing behavior, supporting the cultivation theory of TV media.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.101-114
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• 2011

Purpose : This study was performed to examine study on the relationship between communication ability and teamwork competency of EMT students. Method : The results were based on the revised questionnaires, which can be applicable to EMT from the using questionnaires by Canary et $al^{10)}$ and $Bu^{11)}$, with a sample of 163 students consisting of 55 first, 48 second and third 60, conducted on October 10, 2008. Data were analyzed using SPSS 14.0 in terms of means, $x^2-test$, standard deviation, one way ANOVA, and correlation. Results : The communication competency was statistically significantly different between three groups. In the area of adaptability, there were statistically significant difference between three groups. In the area of effectiveness, there were no statistically significant difference between three groups. In the area of appropriateness, there were statistically significant difference between three groups. The cooperative learning was statistically significant difference between three groups. In the area of team conversation, there were statistically significant difference between three groups. In the area of cooperation and collision management, there were statistically significant difference between three groups. In the area of cooperation and collision management team decision making, there were statistically significant difference between three groups. As a results of correlation analysis, there was correlation of communication and cooperative learning. Conclusion : This results showed that education of communication and cooperative learning must be instructed to EMT students. Consequently, It is necessary to make a further application tool of EMT.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.647-654
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify the differences among goods attribute and brand awareness on fashion brand type. we were intended to suggest characteristics of each consumer group by identifying the differences of consumers' purchasing activities. 672 of consumers by brand who frequently purchase casual brand were chosen for the analysis according to common brand classification of national brand, private brand and no brand. For the purpose of data analysis, we performed factorial analysis of measuring tools and credibility test. Concerning the differences of goods attribute, brand awareness by brand type, MANOVA, ANOVA was employed, complimented with Sheffe-test as a post hoc test in case of occurrence of any differences by group. The findings from the analysis are described in the following. Regarding goods attribute by fashion brand type, there existed a significant difference between brand types in all the sub factors of goods attribute such as product attribute, shop attribute, and price attribute. Especially, the difference of product attribute is much more significant in the areas of material suitableness, product assortment, aesthetic expression, size & quality, clothing maintenance, and clothing comfortableness. In case of shop attribute, there was a significant difference between groups in all the factors such as shop environment, convenience of shopping, sales promotion, service quality of sales clerk, location, and shop reputation. Concerning price attribute, we found a significant difference between groups in the factors of price value, price reasonableness, price information, and economical efficiency of price. As for the difference of brand awareness by brand type, among other factors, brand value had a difference between groups; that is, private brand was found to obtain the highest brand value awareness.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 1996

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of long-term(6 Month) aquatic exercise through home nursing care demonstration on body weight, body fat, pain, muscle strength, self-efficacy and quality of life. Twenty-one women with rheumatoid arthritis were enrolled in the study. The sample was restricted to women in order to increase homogeneity. All patients were stable medication regimens in rheumatism center. The data was collected from October, 1994 to November, 1995. The data were analyzed Mean, Standard Deviation, $x^2$ Test, Mann-Whitney U-Wilcoxon Rank Sum W Test, Wilcoxon Matched-pairs signed-ranks test using SPSS $pc^+$ program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. There was no significant difference between the control and the experimental group on body weight. 2. There was no significant difference between the control and the experimental group on body fat. 3. There was no significant difference between the control and the experimental group on pain(RAI). 4. There was no significant difference between the control and the experimental group on muscle strength. 5. There was no significant difference between the control and the experimental group on quality of life. But in the experimental group, finding from additional analysis showed significant difference in the score of quality of life between pre and post experiment. 6. There was no significant difference between the control and the experimental group on self-efficacy. The findings in this study were not support the positive effect of long-term aquatic exercise in women with rheumatoid arthritis. A further study is necessary to determine the pure effect of aquatic exercise except the effect of home nursing care.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.89-89
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• 2019

Several studies report the anticancer effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) and their compounds. However, the anticancer effect of Glycyrrhiza cultivar roots are limited. In this study, we compared the anticancer effect of Glycyrrhiza cultivar (Wongam and Shinwongam) extracts with G. glabra and G. uralensis extracts in breast cancer cell lines. Freeze dried Glycyrrhiza root extracts were dissolved in cell culture media at 2 mg/mL and filtered by $0.2{\mu}m$ filter. Glycyrrhiza root extracts were serially diluted at the concentrations of $10{\mu}g/mL$, $100{\mu}g/mL$, $200{\mu}g/mL$, $400{\mu}g/mL$, $800{\mu}g/mL$, $1000{\mu}g/mL$ and $2000{\mu}g/mL$. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of Glycyrrhiza root extracts and the cell viability was measured using MTT assay. In MCF-7 cells, G. glabra showed no significant difference with Wongam and showed significant difference with Shinwongam at $1000{\mu}g/mL$ (G. glabra 101.2% and Shinwongam 82.68%) and $2000{\mu}g/mL$ (G. glabra 83.07% and Shinwongam 54.05%). G. uralensis showed significant difference with Wongam at $2000{\mu}g/mL$ (G. uralensis 66.48% and Wongam 95.02%) and showed no significant difference with Shinwongam. In MDA-MB-231 cells, G. glabra showed no significant difference with both Wongam and Shinwongam. G. uralensis showed significant difference with Wongam at $2000{\mu}g/mL$ (G. uralensis 72.59% and Wongam 93.47%) and showed no significant difference with Shinwongam. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that G, glabra and G. uralensis compared with Wongam, and Shinwongam at low concentrations ($10{\mu}g/mL{\sim}800{\mu}g/mL$) display similar cytotoxic potency.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.371-380
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• 2019

To identify the relationship between instructor's image and participation motive, this study conducted a research on 293 elderlies over 65 at 6 sports centers located in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon regions. The research results were as follows. First, in the image of instructor based on demographic characteristic, gender showed significant difference with instructor's talent while gender showed significant difference with instructor's talent, instructing image, and living image. Also, the sports type had significant difference with all subfactors of instructor image. Secondly, in the participation motive based on the demographic characteristic, gender showed significant difference with internal motive while age and sports type demonstrated significant difference with all subfactors of participation motive. third, the instructor image had significant influence on both internal and external motive. While instructing image and human relationship image had significant difference in internal motive, the external motive showed significant difference with instructor talent, living image, and human relationship image. thus, the research result showed that instructor's image is a significant variable which enhances elderly's motive for participating in life sports.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.121-130
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a method to automatically create the contents for spot-the-difference games. A spot-the-difference game is the game that finds the differences such as removal of some objects in the image or changes of shapes and colors from the original image. The original purpose of the exemplar-based image inpainting technique is to remove unnecessary objects. We use the exemplar-based inpainting technique to make the spot-the-difference game contents. From our implementation and experiments, we showed the effectiveness of our automatic generation technique of spot-the-difference contents.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.6 s.237
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• pp.722-729
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• 2005

Design analysis of the solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine combined power system is performed considering different methods for preheating cell inlet air. The purpose of air preheating is to keep the temperature difference between cell inlet and outlet within a practical design range thus to reduce thermal stress inside the cell. Three different methods considered are (1) adopting a burner in front of the cell, (2) adopting a preheater (heat transfer from the main combustor) in front of the cell and (3) using recirculation of the cathode exit gas. For each configuration, analyses are carried out for two values of allowable maximum cell temperature difference. Performance characteristics of all cases are compared and design limitations are discussed. Relaxation of the cell temperature difference (larger difference) is proved to ensure higher efficiency. Recirculation of the cathode exit gas exhibits better performance than other methods and this advantage becomes more prominent as the constraint of the cell temperature difference becomes more severe (smaller temperature difference).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.55-63
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• 2002

Human body balances right and left leg centering around pelvis and spine. Therefore, imbalance of lower extremity means disequilibrium of the body. The difference of lower extremity length can cause a number of clinic symptoms including scoliosis, low back pain, sacroiliac pain, and sports injury. In this study, we tried to analyze low back pain and joint stiffness resulting from the difference of lower extremity length. The subjects were 80 male students who are 20-25 years old. The results of this study were as following: 1. Low back pain depending on the difference of lower extremity length One group which the difference of lower extremity length is above 12mm showed average different length as 18.0mm, the other group which one is below 12mm showed as 6.3mm. A group of above 12mm had more severe low back pain than a group of below 12mm. 2. Joint stiffness depending on the difference of lower extremity length A group of above 12mm had more severe joint stiffness than a group of below 12mm.