• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.365-374
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• 2021

In this study, the effect of enzyme-modified starch used in the preparation of filled hydrogel powder loaded with curcumin (FHP) on redispersibility, thermal and UV stability, and curcumin retention during in vitro digestion was investigated. FHP maintained stability without layer separation when redispersed and showed more stability against UVB than the emulsion powder (EMP). There was no significant difference in the chemical stability of curcumin between rice starch-based filled hydrogel powder (RS-FHP) and enzyme-modified starch-based filled hydrogel powder (GS-FHP). However, the gel matrix of GS-FHP maintained greater stability of lipid droplets in the stomach compared to RS-FHP, thereby improving the retention rate of curcumin after in vitro digestion. GS-FHP could be used as a novel material for developing premixes that require stable formulation and maintenance of functional substances, as it can increase the dispersion stability and retention rate of functional substances after digestion.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.239-248
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aims to enhance the resistance against sulfate attack compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete by using liquid crystal display (LCD) as binder. Method: The fundamental properties including compressive strength and porosity of concrete replaced by LCD up to 15% at increments of 5% and in turn, the weight, volume, and strength loss of LCD-mixed concrete was analyzed. Results: For the concrete substituted by 5% of LCD, it showed the highest compressive strength at 28 days of curing, and particular at immersion of $Na_2SO_4$ solution, it was achieved the lowest loss of weight, volume and strength due to an decreased porosity at capillaries. In contrast, there is no distinct difference of the sulfate attack resistance between LCD-mixed concretes under exposure of $MgSO_4$ solution, excepted for OPC concrete. Conclusion: In this study, comparison of resistance to sulfate attack between LCD-mixed concretes, and it would be proposed the possibility of LCD usage as binder through long-term verification with extended replacement ratio and identification of changes of hydrates in the cement matrix.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.129-143
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• 2018

Recently, the use of digital media such as computers and smart devices has been rapidly increasing, The vast and diverse information contained in the warrant of the investigating agency also includes the one irrelevant to the crime. Therefore, when confiscating the information, the basic rights, defense rights and privacy invasion of the person to be seized have been the center of criticism. Although the investigation agency guarantees the right to participate, it does not have specific guidelines, so they are various by the contexts and environments. In this process, the abuse of the participation right is detrimental to the speed and integrity of the investigation, and there is a side effect that the digital evidence might be destroyed by remote initialization. In this study, we conducted surveys of digital evidence analysts across the country based on four domains and thirty measurement items for enabling environment for participation in information storage media export and digital evidence search process. The difference between the level of importance and the performance was analyzed by the IPA matrix based on process, location, people, and technology dimensions. Seven items belonging to "concentrate here" area are one process-related, three location-related, and three people-related items. This study is meaningful to be a basis for establishing the proper policies and strategies for ensuring participation right, as well as for minimizing the side effects.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2018

Objectives: We investigated about the microbial properties and changes in the efficacy of the Codonopsis lanceolata (CL) by natural fermentation. Methods: CL was fermented for four weeks in a well-ventilated place with 2.5% salt. pH, total sugar, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid were measured to determine fermentation characteristics according to fermentation period and salt treatment. Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and random amplification of polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction were carried out for microbial analysis during fermentation. In addition, HepG2 cell was cultured to check the lipid accumulation through oil red O staining and the glucose uptake was analyzed by measuring the 2-NBDG at C2C12 cell. Results: The pH level and the total sugar decreased with the CL fermentation. Total polyphenol and flavonoid increased after CL fermentation. It was confirmed that Leuconostoc mesenteroides were maintained continuously during fermentation. In the salt treatment CL, there was a sharp increase in Rahnella aquatilis. Lactobacillus plantarum matrix was observed in fermented CL. In addition, Lactococcus lactis, Weissella koreensis, R. aquatilis, L. plantarum, Leu. mesenteroides have been added to the salt treatment. Glucose uptake were significantly increased after fermentation with salt for four weeks. Lipid accumulation in the HepG2 cells was observed that there was difference (P<0.01) between free fatty acid group (100%) and decreased 4 weeks after fermentation (90.38%) at $800{\mu}g/mL$. Conclusions: Total polyphenol and flavonoid were increased after CL fermentation. Especially, percentage of the glucose uptake and lipid accumulation inhibition increased in CL fermentation with salt. It is expected that fermentation of salt treated CL will be more effective in diabetes and fatty liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.55-69
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• 2018

As disaster risk and climate change volatility increase, there are more efforts to adapt to disasters such as forest fires, floods, and landslides. Most of the research, however, is about influence of human activities on disaster and there is few research on disaster adaptation for species. Previous studies focusing on biodiversity in selecting conservation areas have not addressed threats of disaster in the habitats for species. The natural disasters sometimes play role of drivers of ecological successions in the long run, but they might cause serious problems for the conservation of vulnerable species which are endangered. The purpose of this study is to determine whether soil loss (SL) is effective in selecting habitat management areas for amphibians and reptiles. RUSLE model was used to calculate soil loss (SL) and the distribution of each species (SD) was computed with MaxEnt model to find out the biodiversity index. In order to select the habitat management area, we estimated the different results depending if value of soil loss was applied or not by using MARXAN, a conservation priority selection tool. With using MARXAN, conservation goals can be achieved according to the scenario objectives, and the study has been made to meet the minimum habitat area. Finally, the results are expressed in two; 1) the result of soil loss and biodiversity with MATRIX method and 2) the result of regional difference calculated with MARXAN conservation prioritization considering soil loss. The first result indicates that the area with high soil loss and low species diversity have lower conservation values and thus can be managed as natural disturbances. In the area where soil loss is high and species diversity is also high, it becomes where a disaster mitigation action should be taken for the species. According to the conservation priorities of the second result, higher effectiveness of conservation was obtained with fewer area when it considered SL in addition to SD, compared to when considered only biodiversity. When the SL was not taken into consideration, forest area with high distribution of species were important, but when SL considered, the agricultural area or downstream of the river were represented to be a major part of habitats. If more species data or disaster parameters other than soil loss are added as variables later, it could contribute as a reference material for decision-making to achieve various purposes.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.134-141
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• 2021

In this study, the fatty acid (FA) composition of commercial sesame oils (n = 62) was investigated using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), were applied to the chromatographic data of the FAs to discriminate the geographical origin of sesame oils. A statistically significant difference was observed in the content of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2 between domestic and imported sesame oils. A satisfactory recovery rate of 82.8-100.2 % was achieved for C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3. The correlation of C16:0, C18:1, and C18:2 in domestic sesame oils showed opposite trends compared to imported oils. The PCA plot demonstrated that sesame oils were clustered in distinct groups according to their origin. LDA was used to predict sesame oil samples in one of the two groups. C16:0 (Wilks λ = 0.361) and C18:1 (Wilks λ = 0.637) demonstrated the highest discriminant power for classifying the origin of the samples. The correct prediction rates were 88.9 % and 100 % for the domestic and imported samples, respectively. Further, 60 of the 62 sesame oil samples (96.8 %) were correctly classified, indicating that this approach can be used as a valuable tool to predict and classify the geographical origin of sesame oils.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.737-748
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• 2022

In this study, the composition of feldspar phenocrysts observed in the Ulleungdo Albong trachyandesite lava dome was identified by performing point and X-ray element mapping surface analysis (EPMA). Plagioclase, which appears as a phenocryst in the Albong trachyandesite, corresponds to bytownite and labradorite, and andesine, and lath in the microphenocrysts and the matrix corresponds to andesine to oligoclase. Alkali feldspar mantled around plagioclase phenocrysts and microphenocrysts correspond to anorthoclase and sanidine. Plagioclase phenocrysts with a distinct zonal structure represent a normal structure in which the An content of the zoning decreases from bytownite to labradorite or andesine as it moves from the center of the phenocrysts to the edge. The edge of the phenocryst is surrounded by alkali feldspar, showing an antirapakivi texture. X-ray mapping of feldspar phenocrysts showed a typical antirapakivi texture. Normal zoning with distinct zoning showing a difference in component composition was clearly shown. The edges were mantled with alkali feldspar, and antirapakivi represents the texture. The antirapakivi texture of feldspar in the Albong trachyandesite may have been formed in the mixing system when alkali feldspar crystallized and mantled around plagioclase phenocrysts and microphenocrysts. This is because plagioclase phenocrysts and microphenocrysts in magma that had already crystallized are more mafic than trachyandesite magma.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2023

Purpose PET-CT imaging require an appropriate quality assurance system to achieve high efficiency and reliability. Quality control is essential for improving the quality of care and patient safety. Currently, there are performance evaluation methods of UN2-1994 and UN2-2001 proposed by NEMA and IEC for PET-CT image evaluation. In this study, we compare phantom images with the same experiments before and after PET-CT 3D normalization and well counter correction and evaluate the usefulness of quality control. Materials and methods Discovery 690 (General Electric Healthcare, USA) PET-CT equiptment was used to perform 3D normalization and well counter correction as recommended by GE Healthcare. Based on the recovery coefficients for the six spheres of the NEMA IEC Body Phantom recommended by the EARL. 20kBq/㎖ of ¹⁸F was injected into the sphere of the phantom and 2kBq/㎖ of ¹⁸F was injected into the body of phantom. PET-CT scan was performed with a radioacitivity ratio of 10:1. Images were reconstructed by appliying TOF+PSF+TOF, OSEM+PSF, OSEM and Gaussian filter 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6,5 mm with matrix size 128×128, slice thickness 3.75 mm, iteration 2, subset 16 conditions. The PET image was attenuation corrected using the CT images and analyzed using software program AW 4.7 (General Electric Healthcare, USA). The ROI was set to fit 6 spheres in the CT image, RC (Recovery Coefficient) was measured after fusion of PET and CT. Statistical analysis was performed wilcoxon signed rank test using R. Results Overall, after the quality control items were performed, the recovery coefficient of the phantom image increased and measured. Recovery coefficient according to the image reconstruction increased in the order TOF+PSF, TOF, OSEM+PSF, before and after quality control, RCmax increased by OSEM 0.13, OSEM+PSF 0.16, TOF 0.16, TOF+PSF 0.15 and RCmean increased by OSEM 0.09, OSEM+PSF 0.09, TOF 0.106, TOF+PSF 0.10. Both groups showed a statistically significant difference in Wilcoxon signed rank test results (P value<0.001). Conclusion PET-CT system require quality assurance to achieve high efficiency and reliability. Standardized intervals and procedures should be followed for quality control. We hope that this study will be a good opportunity to think about the importance of quality control in PET-CT

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.53-64
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference in importance and performance of the university start-up support system focusing on D university students to grasp the perception of the start-up support system provided the university from the perspective of students who are real users. Through this, a plan for qualitative growth and advancement of the university start-up system was derived using the IPA (importance-performance analysis) analysis. The findings are as follows. The importance of all elements of university start-up education and start-up support system is higher than the performance, which means that the start-up education and support programs currently implemented by universities are recognized as important, but do not play a big role in terms of performance for students. In addition, the highest priority factors for improvement in the importance-performance matrix were funding and investment support, start-up space and facilities support, management advisory, patent and intellectual property support, and entrepreneurship field practice. Therefore, This study can be used as objective data to identify the factors that universities should focus on and establish a start-up support system from a long-term perspective, and to build and operate a start-up support system that reflects the needs of students.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.139-142
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop a system of clinical application of reconstructed dose that includes dose reconstruction, reconstructed dose registration between fractions of treatment, and dose-volume-histogram generation and to demonstrate the system on a deformable prostate phantom. To achieve this purpose, a deformable prostate phantom was embedded into a 20 cm-deep and 40 cm-wide water phantom. The phantom was CT scanned and the anatomical models of prostate, seminal vesicles, and rectum were contoured. A coplanar 4-field intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan was used for this study. Organ deformation was simulated by inserting a "transrectal" balloon containing 20 ml of water. A new CT scan was obtained and the deformed structures were contoured. Dose responses in phantoms and electronic portal imaging device (EPID) were calculated by using the XVMC Monte Carlo code. The IMRT plan was delivered to the two phantoms and integrated EPID images were respectively acquired. Dose reconstruction was performed on these images using the calculated responses. The deformed phantom was registered to the original phantom using an in-house developed software based on the Demons algorithm. The transfer matrix for each voxel was obtained and used to correlate the two sets of the reconstructed dose to generate a cumulative reconstructed dose on the original phantom. Forwardly calculated planning dose in the original phantom was compared to the cumulative reconstructed dose from EPID in the original phantom. The prescribed 200 cGy isodose lines showed little difference with respect to the "prostate" and "seminal vesicles", but appreciable difference (3%) was observed at the dose level greater than 210 cGy. In the rectum, the reconstructed dose showed lower volume coverage by a few percent than the plan dose in the dose range of 150 to 200 cGy. Through this study, the system of clinical application of reconstructed dose was successfully developed and demonstrated. The organ deformation simulated in this study resulted in small but observable dose changes in the target and critical structure.