• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.556-567
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• 1997

The health-related habits dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes of the elderly living in Cheongju were investigated by interviews with a questionnaire from August to September in 1996. The responses of 169 free-living elderly aged over 65(male 91, female 78) were analyzed. Thirty-six percent of the subjects smoked currently, 33$\%$, drank alcoholic beverages, and 52$\%$ exercise regularly. Exercise was mostly in the from of walking for $\frac{1}{2}$-1 hour. Significantly higher proportions of males smoked, drank, and exercised as compared to females. Food groups eaten at every meal were examined on a 5-point scale, and the consumption scores were compared with groups according to sex, age, smoking, drinking, and exercise habits. The elderly who exercised regularly got significantly higher scores in their calcium intakes and the variety of the 6 food groups than the elderly who did not exercise. The dietary assessment data showed that the energy intakes of males and females were 81.9$\%$and 72.8$\%$ of the RDAs, respectively. The proportions of the elderly consuming less than 75$\%$ of RDAs of vitamin A and calcium were 96.5$\%$ and 91.1$\%$ of the total subjects, respectively. Higher educational status, more pocket money and regular exercise had positive effects on nutrient intakes, while smoking and drinking among females, but not males, had negative effects. Therefore, to improve nutritional status of the elderly, intake of vitamin A-and calcium-rich food such as milk with regular exercise should be emphasized on the education program. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(4) : 556-567, 1997)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.474-488
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• 2021

Purpose: Malnutrition in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is a significant factor affecting their adequate growth and development. This study aimed at conducting surveys and evaluating the dietary intake of children with CP according to their BMI classification and to thereby highlight the dietary factors affecting the nutritional status of these children. Methods: A total of 16 children were enrolled between the age of four and twelve. These subjects were further classified into three groups, namely underweight, normal and obese, with 6, 8, and 2 children in each group, respectively. The general characteristics, motor disturbances, body composition, feeding problems, eating habits, nutritional intake, dietary variety, and food frequency for children with CP were evaluated. Results: It was observed that motor disturbances tended to increase in underweight children with CP. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in disturbances related to oral feeding was observed with an increase in obesity. The pattern of eating habits revealed that subjects in the underweight group consumed unbalanced meals, while those in the obese group tended to consume larger meals at a faster pace. The feeding disturbance data revealed that those in the underweight group could not prepare their meals while the obese group had the problem of overeating and consuming an unbalanced diet (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It is necessary for both children with CP, who have a high degree of disability, and their caregivers to take lessons on adequate nutrient intake to prevent malnutrition. Moreover, it is necessary for the caregivers and children with CP having a low degree of disability to take lessons on providing and consuming a balanced diet and to focus on the intake of sufficient calcium in order to prevent obesity.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to examine the level of customers' cognition, the patterns of shopping and the level of satisfaction for foods sold in "24-hour market stor", and thus to provide a guideling for establishment of 24-hour market store", and thus to provide a guideline for establishment of 24-hour market store, development of Korean-style food, and enhancement of desirable habit of eating. The study conducted a survey for the young customers (13-19 years old) and the old customers (20-38 years old), the residents in Tague City, for the period Sept. 1-Sept.30. The survey administered to a total of 700 respondents, and finally received 646 ansers. Data analysis incorporates Chi-square test, univariate analysis, Scheffe's test, and correlation analysis, running SPSS Pc+(Statistical Package for Social Science). The results were drawn as follows: In terms of the level of cognition, results show a high level in the aspects of availability, convenience, time-saving in cooking, a variety of goods, easy custody: a medium level in the aspects of taste and sanitation: a low level in the aspects of cheapness and import of foreign food, In terms of customers' shopping patterns, the results show that the respondents answered the most convenience in 24-hour open and nearby location. Shopping was mostly done during the evening time between 18:00 and 22:00, and frequently during the mid-night time. Most of the residents needed a high level in the price. in terms of the level of customers' satisfaction, the results show a high level in the aspects of convenience, packing, and variety ; a medium level in the aspects of taste and sanitation ; a low level in the aspects of nutrition, price, import of foreign goods.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2005

Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been widely used as a food organism for rotifers used in the larval production of marine fish. However, the nutritional value of the yeast is relatively poor compared with that of the marine alga Chlorella. We examined the nutritional value of another yeast, Candida utilis, and whether its food value could be increased through manipulation such as a cell wall treatment. Candida utilis and S. cerevisiae and their manipulated varieties were assessed with regard to the growth and nutrition of the rotifer Brachianus plicatilis. Larvae of the flounder Paralichthys alivaceus were cultured with rotifers fed on the yeast species, and the dietary value of the rotifers for the larvae was examined. Rotifers that were fed C. utilis grew faster than those provided with S. cerevisiae. Rotifers grew slightly faster on manipulated yeast than on non-manipulated yeast varieties. Of the two yeast species, C. utilis had better dietary value for rotifers. Flounder larvae cultured with rotifers that had fed on C. utilis displayed better growth and survival ($\%$) than did those cultured with rotifers that had fed on S. cerevisiae. Although the manipulated variety of C. utilis was better than the non-manipulated variety in terms of rotifer growth, the flounder larvae survived ($\%$) and grew better when they were fed rotifers that had eaten non-manipulated C. utilis. However, the nutritional value of this yeast species was still lower than that of Chlorella.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.553-566
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• 2019

This study was undertaken to examine the dietary adaptation in Korea, and utilization of university foodservice (UF), according to the nationality of foreign students. The survey was conducted from April to June in 2017, and included 604 subjects studying in a university in Busan. The questionnaire was designed to examine the adaptability to Korean food and the consumption of UF. The nationalities included students from China (63.4%), Vietnam (13.2%), Central Asia (8.9%), Southeast Asia (5.0%), and others (9.4%). Vietnamese and Southeast Asians showed higher adaptation to Korean food than Chinese or Central Asians. The degree of contribution of UF to diet was highest amongst the Chinese, followed by Vietnamese. The main reason for not consuming UF for the Chinese and Southeast Asians was 'lack of menu variety', and for Central Asians was 'no menu that can be eaten, including due to religious reasons'. In order to improve UF, all groups asked for increased 'variety of menu', and Vietnamese and Southeast Asians also asked for 'decrease in price'. In meat, fish, and vegetable menus, there were significant differences in the types and recipes of foods preferred, as per the nationality. These results indicate that different approaches by considering the national characteristics are required, to help international students adapt to Korean food, and to increase their consumption of UF.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권6호통권90호
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• pp.800-812
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• 2005

This study selected and classified the representative foods for diversifying Korean traditional foods in the globa1 market and derived the superior factor of each food by consumer survey (n=744). The superiority of Korean traditional foods was generally recognized as being in the order of 'Nutritional value' > 'Dietary culture' > 'Material' > 'Taste.' Kimchi, Tteok/Hangwa, and grilled foods were regarded as potent Korean traditional foods for global consumers. The survey about the superior factors of representative Korean traditional foods produced the following results. The superior factor of Bibimbap, Mandu, Jangachi, Joeotgal, Namul muchim Salad, Naengchae, and Ganjang was 'Variety of material or cuisine', that of Bap, Jut Samguetang, Seolleongtang, Kimchi, Doenjang, and Sikcho was 'Nutritional value', that of Naengmyeon, Kalguksu, Bulgogi, Pyeonyuk, Jeongol, Gochujang, Tteot and Sjkhae/Sujeonggwa was Taste', and that of Hangwa, Hwachae, Gujulpan, and Sinsunro was 'Appearance'. The superior factors of representative Korean traditional foods showed the following differences by age and gender, The superior factor in Mandu was 'Taste' by the subjects aged below 30 but 'Variety' by the subjects aged above 30; that in Pyeonyuk and Jeongol was 'Variety' in 31-40 year olds and those aged above 51, while it was 'Taste' in others. The superior factor of Kimchi was 'Nutritional value' by the subjects aged below 40,'Taste'in 41-50 year. olds, and 'Variety' by the subjects aged above 50, that of Namul muchim was 'Nutritional value' by the subjects aged below 20 and 'Variety'by the subjects aged above 20, and that of Naengchae was' Taste'by the subjects aged below 20 and 'Variety' by the subjects aged above 20. The superior factor of Gochujang was 'Taste' by the subjects aged below 50 and 'Variety 'by the subjects aged above 50, that of Ganjang was 'Variety' by the subjects aged below 30 and 'Taste' by the subjects aged above 30, that of Sikcho was 'Variety' by the subjects aged below 30 and 'Nutritional value' by the sutjects aged above 30. The superior factor of Doenjang was 'Nuttritional value' in all ages. The superior factors of Hangwa and Sikhae/Sujeonggwa were 'Appearance' and 'Taste' in all ages, and that of Hwachae was 'Taste' by the subjects aged below 30 and' Appearance' by the subjects aged above 30. The perception by gender was statistically differed for traditional foods such as Bap, Bibimbap, Kalguksu, Bulgogi, Pyeonyuk Jangachi, Gochujang, Ganjang, Sikhae/Sujeonggwa, Hwachae, and Gujulpan.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.513-526
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of low sodium diet education program on dietary habits, diet quality, and measures of obesity in overweight or obese middle-aged women. Methods: Subjects were 81 individuals aged 45 years or over, who completed an 8-week nutrition education. The subjects were divided into a normal group (N = 30) and an overweight-obese group (N = 51) according to the BMI. The effects were evaluated by anthropometric measurement, biochemical analysis, questionnaire, and diet records before and after the program. Results: Overweight-obese group showed significant decreases in weight (p < 0.0001), BMI (p < 0.0001), percent of body fat (p = 0.0087), waist circumference (p < 0.0001), systolic (p = 0.0003) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0261). Nutrients intakes were not different between the two groups and only sodium intake was decreased after education. Total score of general dietary habits, dietary behavior related to sodium intake, dietary diversity score (DDS), diet variety score (DVS), and diet quality index-international (DQI-I) were improved in both groups compared to the baseline. Overweight-obese group showed significant improvement in 'having fruits everyday', 'having fish everyday', 'trying to eat many kinds of food', 'eating less broth when eating soup, stew, and noodles', 'eating less kimchi and salt-fermented vegetable', and 'propensity to think that dishes should be pretty seasoned'. In addition, moderation of empty calories food (p = 0.0064) and macronutrient ratio (p = 0.0004) were improved in the overweigh-obese group, but in the normal group, the results did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: These results suggested that low sodium diet education program may contribute to obesity management by improving diet quality and dietary habits in middle-aged women.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.735-745
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• 2016

This study conducted a survey with 203 single households among men and women in their 20s to 40s who were living in metropolitan areas from October 6 to November 4, 2012 in order to investigate the dietary attitude of the single households. The ratio of single households who had three meals a day regularly was 2.85 points, which was lower than the normal level, and it turned out that those in their 20s and 30s had meals more regularly than those in their 40s did (p<0.001). As for the irregular meal time, most were breakfast (85.9%), and it turned out that they often skipped meals mostly because they did not have time to eat and (41.7%) or because that bothered them (26.0%). 62.6% of the single households did overeating and most of them (39.4%) did overeating because of their irregular meals. Of the single households, women or persons who had lived alone for less than 3 years or more than 7 years cooked at home, more often (p<0.05), and most of them (42%) cooked noodles, easy to cook, but women cooked Korean food-based homemade food such as rice (31.7%) or soup and stew (21.2%), often (p<0.05). It turned out that 36.9% of the single households often ate out about two to three times a day, and as for their favorite eating-out menus, 39.4% were Korean food, followed by Western food (23.8%), flour-based food (13.5%), fast food (9.8%), Chinese food (7.3%) and Japanese food (6.2%). Lastly, as for inconveniences when they ate out, most were the 'price' (22.8%), followed by 'too much amount of food for one person' (20.2%) and 'limitations in menu selection' (19.2%). As a result of this study, it appeared that the single households had an irregular dietary life, often did overeating and often ate out, so it is judged that it would be necessary to develop a variety of nutritionally-balanced HMR food and eating-out menus in a reasonable price range for their healthy dietary life.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2016

본 연구는 광주광역시에 거주하는 결혼이주여성 92명을 대상으로 하여 사회경제적 특징과 건강, 식생활 실태를 조사하여 결혼이주 여성의 식생활과 이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 조사에 응한 결혼이주여성의 평균 연령은 31.3세, 한국에서의 평균 거주기간은 5.5년이었으며, 출신국은 베트남 56%, 중국 26%, 필리핀 12%, 기타 국가 12% 등이었다. 가장 많이 앓고 있는 질병은 소화기계 질환, 빈혈, 신경계 질환 순이었고, 만성 성인병 유병률은 낮은 편이었다. 조사대상자의 체위를 살펴보면, 현재 평균 체중은 54 kg으로서, 한국으로 이주할 때 체중과 비교하면 평균 3.8 kg 증가하였으며, BMI $25kg/m^2$를 기준으로 비만한 조사대상자는 17%였다. 식품을 구입할 때 가장 중요하게 생각하는 것은 영양적 가치, 건강, 식품에 대한 기호도 순으로 건강에 관심이 높았으며, 식품에 대한 정보는 인터넷 37.0%, 가족 28.3%, TV 또는 라디오 27.2% 순으로 스마트폰 사용이 일반화되어 인터넷을 통한 정보습득이 가장 많았다. Mini dietary assessment로 판정한 식습관점수는 5점 만점 기준에 3.45이었으며, 유제품 섭취, 단백질 섭취, 규칙적 식사, 골고루 섭취하기 등에서 점수가 낮은 경향을 나타냈으나, 지방이 많은 음식이나 동물성 지방, 튀긴 음식, 당이나 탄산음료도 적게 섭취하였다. 조사대상자의 식습관 변화정도를 살펴보면, 한국으로 이주 후 식습관이 많이 변했다고 응답한 조사대상자는 33.7%였으며, 식습관 변화 내용으로는 식품섭취 증가와 관련되었으며, 특히 과일과 채소의 섭취가 증가하였다고 응답하였다. 조사대상자의 거주 기간이 BMI, 허리둘레와 유의적으로 양의 상관관계 있었으며, 거주 기간별로 비만, 질병 유병, 식습관 변화 정도를 살펴본 결과, 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 거주기간이 5년 이상인 그룹이 5년 미만인 그룹에 비해 식습관이 많이 변하고 비만율이 증가하였으나 질병은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과에서는 거주기간과 질병 유병률이 역의 관계가 있는 것으로 보고되었으나, 이는 본 조사대상자의 한국 평균 거주기간이 비교적 짧아 한국 문화에 대한 적응단계가 이행단계와 관계되는 것으로 생각된다. 결혼이주 여성의 식생활 적응 및 바람직한 식습관 형성은 결혼이주 여성 뿐 만 아니라 이들이 속하고 책임지고 있는 다문화 가정의 건강에도 중요한 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료되어 결혼이주 여성에 대한 장기적이고 다양한 연구와 교육이 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 성인 여성을 대상으로 비만 여부에 따른 영양소 및 식품 섭취의 질을 평가하고, 식사의 질과 비만지표와의 관련성에 대하여 분석하였다. 총 3,565명의 대상자 (정상군 2,841명, 비만군 724명)가 분석에 포함되었고, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1일 총 섭취 열량에서는 정상군이 1,707.81 kcal로 비만군의 1,634.94 kcal에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며 (p = 0.0199), 또한 섭취 열량 1,000 kcal당 영양소 섭취량을 분석한 결과 정상군은 비만군에 비해 탄수화물 (p = 0.0298) 및 나트륨 (p = 0.0169)의 섭취량은 유의적으로 낮았던 반면 칼슘 (p = 0.0261)의 섭취량은 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 칼슘의 경우 정상군에서 권장섭취량 대비 섭취율이 비만군에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며 (p = 0.0178), 평균필요량에 미달되게 섭취하는 대상자의 비율은 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다 (p = 0.0152). 영양소별 NAR 및 MAR을 분석한 결과, 정상군에서 칼슘의 NAR이 0.63으로 비만군의 0.60에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며 (p = 0.0158), 영양소별 NAR의 평균치인 MAR의 경우 정상군이 0.80, 비만군이 0.79로 두군간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 1일 총 식품 섭취량은 정상군 1,297.36 g, 비만군 1,271.28 g으로 두군간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 우유 및 유제품의 섭취량에서 정상군이 비만군에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p = 0.0162). DDS는 전체 대상자에서 3.753점으로 나타났으며, 정상군이 3.769점으로 비만군의 3.686점 보다 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p = 0.0253). 또한 전체 연구대상자의 DVS는 30.07개로 나타났으며, 정상군과 비만군 각각 30.41개, 28.63개로 나타나 유의적인 차이를 보였다 (p = 0.0003). 식품섭취와 관련된 식사의 질 지수 (DDS, DVS)와 비만과 관련된 신체계측치 (체질량지수, 허리둘레)와의 관계를 분석한 결과, DVS가 많은 대상자들의 허리둘레 및 체질량지수가 더 낮은 경향을 보였으며 (p for trend < 0.01), 이 결과는 연령, 음주 상태, 신체활동 정도 및 열량 섭취량을 보정한 후에도 같은 양상으로 나타났다 (p for trend < 0.01). 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 비만한 성인 여성의 경우 정상 체중인 여성에 비해 칼슘 섭취 및 유제품 섭취의 질이 유의적으로 낮았으며, DDS 및 DVS가 유의적으로 낮아 다양하지 못한 식품 섭취 양상을 보이는 것으로 나타났고, DVS는 체질량지수 및 허리둘레와 유의적인 음의 관계를 보였다. 따라서 이와 같은 결과를 비만한 성인 여성을 대상으로 한 비만 관리에 적용할 때 고른 영양 섭취를 위해 식품군의 구성, 섭취하는 식품의 가짓수 등 영양균형에 중점을 두어 식사지도를 해야 할 것으로 생각되며, 칼슘 섭취의 질과 비만과의 인과관계를 명확히 분석하기 위하여 한국인을 대상으로 한 전향적인 코호트 연구 및 추가 분석이 필요하다고 사료된다.