• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.422-430
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• 2022

본 연구는 통밀가루에 다량 함유되어 있는 미네랄의 체내 이용률을 높여 기능성 소재로의 응용가능성을 조사하고자 phytase와 cellulase를 처리한 통밀가루 미네랄의 체내이용률에 대하여 연구하였다. 이에 통밀가루의 최적 효소 처리 조건을 확립하기 위하여 효소농도별에 따른 이화학적 특성과 phytate 및 식이섬유소의 함량을 분석하였으며, 미네랄 강화 소재로의 이용 가능성을 확인하기 위해 머핀을 제조 후 품질특성 및 미네랄의 체내 이용률을 확인하였다. 통밀가루 건중량의 2, 10 및 20%로 2시간 동안 반응시킨 phytase와 cellulase 단일 효소처리한 시료와 20%의 cellulase/phytase를 5:5 비율로 복합 처리한 시료를 제조하였다. 효소 처리 통밀가루의 총 식이섬유소의 함량은 효소 농도에 따라 감소하였고 특히, 복합 처리군에서 가장 크게 감소하였다. 더불어 phytate 함량은 모든 효소에서 농도가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 효소처리 농도가 증가할수록 철분, 칼슘, 아연의 체내 이용률이 증가하였는데 특히, 철분의 체내 이용률은 cellulase를 처리하였을 때 약 3.3배로 가장 크게 증가하였고, 칼슘은 cellulase와 phytase를 복합으로 처리하였을 때 약 5.1배로 가장 증가하였고, 아연은 phytase를 처리하였을 때 약 2.8배로 가장 크게 증가하였다. 미네랄의 이용률이 가장 높았던 20% phytase, cellulase, cellulase/phytase 처리한 통밀가루를 이용하여 대체 비율(0, 25, 50, 75 및 100%)에 따른 머핀의 품질특성 및 미네랄 체내 이용률을 확인한 결과, 효소 처리 통밀가루로 제조한 머핀의 부피는 무처리군으로 제조한 머핀보다 대체율이 높을수록 증가하였으며, 조직감의 경우 hardness는 감소하였고, springiness와 cohesiveness는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 효소처리 통밀가루로 제조한 머핀에서 대체 비율이 증가할수록 철분, 칼슘, 아연의 체내 이용률은 무처리군 머핀보다 증가하였는데, Cellulase 처리군의 철분 체내 이용률은 2.3배, cellulase/phytase 복합 처리군에서 칼슘은 3.7배, phytase 처리군에서 아연은 2.3배로 가장 크게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 통밀가루에 phytase와 cellulase를 처리한 후 미네랄의 이용률이 증가함을 확인하였고, 효소처리 통밀가루로 제조한 머핀의 품질의 특성이 향상되어 미네랄 이용률 증진 소재로 응용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.558-571
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 우리나라 성인 중 AD를 앓고 있는 사람들의 식이 섭취량을 분석하여 이들의 식습관이 AD발병 위험과 관련이 있는지 분석하고자 하였다. 활용한 자료는 제7기 국민건강영양조사 (2016-2018년) 자료로서, 참가자 중 19-64세 성인 10,571명을 AD군 (n = 366)과 non-AD군 (n = 10,205)으로 나누어 영양소 섭취 현황과 식생활평가지수 점수를 비교·분석하였다. 그 결과, AD군의 1일 총 에너지섭취량은 non-AD군보다 많았고, 단백질 에너지섭취비율, 섭취에너지 1,000 kcal 당 단백질, 인, 철, 칼륨 섭취량이 AD군이 non-AD군보다 유의미하게 낮았다. 식생활평가지수 총점을 비교했을 때에는, AD군의 총 채소류, 김치 및 장아찌류를 제외한 채소류, 고기·생선·달걀·콩류 섭취점수가 non-AD군보다 낮았다. 연구대상자의 식생활평가지수와 AD 위험도와의 관계를 분석했을 때, AD 위험도는 총 채소류, 김치 및 장아찌류를 제외한 채소류, 고기·생선·달걀·콩류 섭취 점수가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 결론적으로, 성인 AD환자들은 채소류와 단백질 식품 섭취가 낮았는데, 이들 식품군의 높은 섭취는 낮은 AD 위험과 관련이 있음을 확인한 바, 추후 성인 AD 관리 및 치료 시 채소류와 단백질 식품의 충분한 섭취에 대해 강조해야 할 것이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.305-318
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• 2022

본 총설은 인삼과 도라지의 노화와 관련된 건강효과에 대하여 주요 기능성물질의 약리적, 약동학적 효과에 대한 연구들을 조사하여 과학적 근거를 정리하였다. 도라지와 인삼의 주요 기능성물질은 사포닌이므로 유사한 분자구조로 공통적으로 항염증 및 항산화 효과, 신경 보호효과와 항암작용, 항대사증후군 효과(고혈압, 이상지질혈증, 당뇨, 비만의 개선)가 확인되었다. 도라지의 사포닌은 Platycodin으로 기관지에 관련한 효능이 주가 되었지만 그 외에도 사포닌이 가진 공통적인 건강에 긍정적인 효과에 대해서 검증이 되어 있었다. 도라지의 효능에 대한 연구는 주로 실험실 연구나 동물 실험이 많았고 사람에게 적용한 임상연구는 적은 편이었다. 한편 인삼의 사포닌은 Ginsenoside로 사포닌의 효능으로 잘 알려진 항염증, 항산화, 항암, 항대사증후군에 대한 효능에 대하여 많은 임상연구를 통하여 그 효능이 검증되어 있었다. 인삼과 도라지의 두 종류의 사포닌 모두 정제된 자체로는 체내 흡수율이 매우 낮았지만 추출이나 발효 등의 방법을 통하여 체내흡수율을 높이는 방법들이 연구되어 있었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.69-95
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• 2023

In order to evaluate the effects of ARG sources (arginine [ARG] and Guanidinoacetic acid [GAA]) and phenylalanine (PHE) supplementation on performance, susceptibility to ascites, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility in the cold-stressed broilers fed a canola meal (CM)-based diet, a 2×2 factorial experiment with four treatments was conducted. The dietary treatments included CM-based diet + 2.57 g/kg ARG, CM-based diet + 2.57 g/kg ARG + 1.5 g/kg PHE, CM-based diet + 1.8 g/kg GAA and CM-based diet + 1.8 g/kg GAA + 1.5 g/kg PHE. The corn-CM diet without supplementation was used as a negative control (NC) group in the fifth treatment that excluded the factorial arrangement. The results showed that adding ARG to diets without PHE supplement increased (p < 0.05) feed intake. Also, birds fed diets containing ARG had higher (p < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) compared to those fed GAA added diets. Supplementation of PHE improved (p < 0.05) the FCR compared to groups fed diets without added PHE. Further, ARG addition increased (p < 0.05) plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentration, carcass, breast and leg yields, duodenal, jejunal, and ileal villus height (VH) to crypt depth (CD, and dry matter digestibility, while decreasing (p < 0.05) ascites mortality and right ventricle (RV) to total ventricle (TV) ratio compared to GAA added groups. Supplementation of PHE also declined susceptibility to ascites by reducing (p < 0.01) RV to TV ratio while increasing (p < 0.05) plasma NO level. The digestibility of ether extract also increased (p < 0.05) in broilers fed GAA supplemented diets versus those fed ARG added diets. The findings suggested that ARG may improve BWG and lower ascites incidence in broilers fed a diet based on CM under cold stress because of its antihypertensive effects. Moreover, the findings of this study demonstrated the importance of including PHE formulation in ARG-deficient diets to attenuate the adverse effects of cold stress on broilers. It was also concluded that GAA could be efficaciously used in cold-stressed broilers fed an ARG-deficient diet.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.270-284
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to familiarize people with the native local food of Chungnam Province by developing its regional food as a culture resource. Native Local Food Search and luxury itemization based on regionally-characterized stories enhances self-perception of the national culture, promotes appropriate local images to the public, and contributes to the local economy by increasing regional tourism. Therefore, this study researched local stories of cultural significance, that is, those connected to the history and originality of Chungnam Province, and developed contents related to Chungnam native local food. Features of the native local food were introduced by a story telling method in order to appeal to the five senses. The story was composed for easy understanding of the value of food, and the brand image of Chungnam was developed based on representative historical stories of the region. In this study, the following were developed as representative images of Chungnam: 'Royal meal table of King Moo-ryung' in Kongju was presented by recomposing the story of King Moo-ryung, a famouns king of the Baekje era; 'Mong-yoo-do-won's rice meal table' was introduced via Mongyoo-do-won's painting by Kyeon An, a famous painter of the Chosun era who was born in Seosan. The 'Royal meal table of King Moo-ryung' was set with food made from local farm products, demonstrating the flavor and elegance of the Baekje era. 'Mong-yoo-do-won's rice meal table' resembled Kyeon An's Mong-yoo-do-won-do, which has a background featuring early spring. The rice table was designed to remind people of a flamboyant painting like a scattered peach blossom leaf in the early spring. To verify the health effectiveness of each rice table, the function of each ingredient was investigated through 'Sik-ryo-chan-yo:a dietary treatment', which was published by Soon-Ui Cheon during the Chosan era. According to the results, most of ingredients are certainly beneficial to health, as was recognized in the early Choson era.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1575-1584
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• 2022

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) with sunflower meal (SFM) with added exogenous multienzymes (MEs) on various biological parameters in broilers. Methods: One week-old, 400 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatments (control, 3SFM, 6SFM, and 9SFM) with 5 replicates/treatment (20 chicks/replicate). Control diet was without SFM and MEs, while diets of 3SFM, 6SFM, and 9SFM treatments were prepared by replacing SBM with SFM at levels of 3%, 6%, and 9%, respectively, and were supplemented with MEs (100 mg/kg). Feeding trial was divided into grower (8 to 21 day) and finisher phases (22 to 35 day). External marker method was used to measure the nutrient digestibility. At the end of trial, twenty birds (one birds per replicate) with similar body weight were slaughtered for samples collection. Results: No significant effect of dietary treatments was found on all parameters of growth performance and carcass characteristics, except relative weight of bursa. Weight (25.0 g) and length (15.80 cm) of duodenum were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 3SFM than control. Lowest (p<0.05) villus height/crypt depth ratio was found in 3SFM and 9SFM than control. Most of meat quality parameters remained unaffected, however, highest pH of breast meat (6.16) and thigh meat (6.44) were observed in 9SFM and 3SFM, respectively. Lowest (p<0.05) cook loss of thigh meat was found in 6SFM (31.76%). Ileal digestibility of crude protein was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 3SFM (72.35%) than control (69.46%). In addition, amylase (16.87 U/mg) and protease (85.18 U/mg) activities were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 3SFM than control. However, cecal microbial count remained unaffected. Conclusion: Partial replacement (up to 9%) of SBM with SFM, with added MEs can help to improve the nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activities without affecting cecal microbial count and growth performance in broilers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.1242-1253
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• 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a diet low in lysine content as a means for increasing the intramuscular fat (IMF) content and pork muscle quality of finishing pigs. Thirty-two crossbred gilts and barrows weighing approximately 80 kg were fed either a low-lysine diet (0.60%; Low-lys) or a control diet (0.80% lysine; Med-lys) under a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The animals were slaughtered at a 132-kg body weight (BW) on average, followed by physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluation on Longissimus lumborum (LL) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscles. The average daily gain (ADG) did not differ between the Med-lys and Low-lys groups. However, ADG exhibited a tendency of sex × diet interaction (p = 0.09), being greater for barrows vs. gilts on the Low-lys diet (p < 0.05), but not on the Med-lys diet. Backfat thickness adjusted for 132-kg BW also exhibited the interaction; it was greater for the Low-lys vs. Med-lys group within gilts but tended to be less for the former in barrows (p = 0.08). The IMF content was not influenced by the diet or sex in either LL or ST. The a^*, b^*, and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force values and fatty acid composition were influenced by the sex or diet in either or both of the muscles, but the treatment effects did not apparently influence the meat quality. Sensory scores for the flavor, juiciness, tenderness, umami, and palatability of cooked muscle were not influenced by the diet in either LL or ST. When the LL and ST data were pooled, scores for those sensory attributes were positively correlated with the IMF content, which was associated with overall greater IMF contents and greater sensory scores for ST vs. LL. Collectively, the Low-lysine diet seemingly elicited the intended lysine deficiency in gilts as indicated by the increased BFT due to the diet. However, the Low-lys diet was not effective for increasing the IMF deposition or eating quality of the pork muscle of finishing pigs slaughtered at high BW probably because its lysine content was not low enough to elicit either outcome.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.500-508
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• 2024

Objective: Due to current selection practices for increased egg production and peak persistency, the production profile, age at maturity, and body weight criteria for commercial layers are constantly changing. Body weight and age at the time of photostimulation will thus always be the factors that need to be adequately addressed among various production systems. The current study was carried out to determine the effects of pullets' body weight (low, medium, and heavy) on their performance, welfare, physiological response, and hormonal profile. Methods: With regard to live weight, 150 16-week-old pullets were divided into three groups using a completely randomized design (CRD) and held until the 50th week. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the data under the CRD, and the least significant difference test was used to distinguish between treatment means. Results: In comparison to the medium and light birds, the heavy birds had higher body weight at maturity, an earlier age at maturity, and higher egg weight, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, egg yolk index, breaking strength, egg surface area, egg shape index, egg volume, and hormonal profile except corticosterone. However, the medium and light birds had lower feed consumption rates per dozen eggs and per kilogram of egg mass than the heavy birds. Light birds showed greater body weight gain, egg production, and egg specific gravity than the other categories. At 20 weeks of age, physiological response, welfare aspects, and catalase were non-significant; however, at 50 weeks of age, all these factors-aside from catalase-were extremely significant. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that layers can function at lower body weights during photostimulation; hence, dietary regimens that result in lighter pullets may be preferable. Additionally, the welfare of the birds was not compromised by the lighter weight group.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.896-907
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• 2024

Objective: The potential of aqueous extract of Christ's thorn jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi) leaves (SLAE) to reduce the negative impacts of heat stress on production performance and physiological traits was investigated in dual-purpose layers under subtropical farming. Methods: A total of 200, 25-week-old laying hens (Inshas strain) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments including SLAE at 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mL/kg, respectively. The average temperature-humidity index value was 26.69 during the experimental period. The SLAE contained saponin (0.045%), total flavonoid content of 17.9 mg of quercetin equivalent/100 g and overall antioxidant capacity concentration of 17.9 mg of ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g. Results: The maximum final body weight (BW), BW gain, egg weight, number, and mass occurred at the level of SLAE7.5 inclusion. The egg quality was significantly higher in SLAE groups than in control, and overall, SLAE7.5 had the most favorable influence at 28 and 32 weeks. Liver and kidney function, as well as lipids profile, improved significantly by SLAE inclusion; the lowest concentrations of these parameters were in SLAE7.5 hens. Treatment with SLAE7.5 increased total antioxidant capacity and endogenous antioxidant enzymes compared to control, whereas no effect on superoxide dismutase was noticed. Conclusion: The addition of SLAE at 7.5 mL/kg diet improved egg laying performance and quality, metabolic profiles, and antioxidant status during hyperthermia conditions.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2016

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 국내 양성 고페닐알라닌혈증의 돌연변이 유전자 분석, 임상 양상, 치료에 대해 조사하는 것이다. 방법: 2010년도 4월부터 2015년도 8월까지, 신생아 선별검사에서 페닐알라닌의 상승으로 본원으로 전원되어 양성 고페닐알라닌혈증으로 진단된 10명의 환자를 대상으로 시행되었다. 조사항목으로는 환자들의 특징 및 임상 양상과 직접 염기서열 분석을 통한 PAH 유전자 돌연변이 형태 분석을 포함하였다. 결과: 10명의 환자들 중 2명은 고페닐알라닌혈증으로 진단된 자녀의 부모였으며, 환자들 중 특이 과거력이나 임상 증상이 있는 경우는 없었다. 혈장 아미노산 분석에서는 페닐알라닌이 1.2 mg/dL부터 4.2 mg/dL까지의 범위로 측정되었다. BH4 부하검사에서는 모든 환자들이 BH4에 무반응이었다. 확진 검사로 시행한 페닐알라닌수산화효소 유전자 분석에서는, 총 20개의 대립유전자들 중에서 11개의 각기 다른 대립유전자형을 확인할 수 있었는데, 이 중 제일 흔한 대립유전자는 R53H (c.158G>A)였다. 뿐만 아니라, 직접염기서열분석 상에서 2가지의 새로운 돌연변이 형태인 V423A (c.1268T>C)와 V51A (c.152T>C)를 발견하였다. 본 연구에 포함된 환자들은 약물을 복용하거나 식사 조절을 하지 않았음에도, 지속적인 외래 추적 관찰 결과 모든 환자들의 페닐알라닌 치는 6 mg/dL 이하로 유지되었으며, 정상적인 신경 인지발달을 하고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 결론: 이 연구는 양성 고페닐알라닌혈증 환자에 대한 분석이며 국내에서 처음으로 시행한 것이다. 모든 양성 고페닐알라닌혈증 환자들은 지속적인 치료 없이도 혈장 페닐알라닌 치를 6 mg/dL 이하로 유지하였고 정상적인 신경 인지발달을 하였다. 그러므로, 돌연변이 검사를 시행하여 양성 고페닐알라닌혈증 환자를 페닐케톤뇨증과 감별함으로써 불필요한 식사 요법이나 약물 투여를 줄여 환자의 삶의 질을 높일 수 있다.