DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of partially replacing soybean meal with sunflower meal with supplementation of multienzymes on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, ileal digestibility, digestive enzyme activity and caecal microbiota in broilers

  • Yaqoob, Muhammad Umar (College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern China), Ministry of Agriculture) ;
  • Yousaf, Muhammad (Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture) ;
  • Imran, Safdar (Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture) ;
  • Hassan, Safdar (Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture) ;
  • Iqbal, Waqar (Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture) ;
  • Zahid, Muhammad Umer (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Science) ;
  • Ahmad, Naveed (Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture) ;
  • Wang, Minqi (College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern China), Ministry of Agriculture)
  • Received : 2021.12.16
  • Accepted : 2022.02.22
  • Published : 2022.10.01

Abstract

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) with sunflower meal (SFM) with added exogenous multienzymes (MEs) on various biological parameters in broilers. Methods: One week-old, 400 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatments (control, 3SFM, 6SFM, and 9SFM) with 5 replicates/treatment (20 chicks/replicate). Control diet was without SFM and MEs, while diets of 3SFM, 6SFM, and 9SFM treatments were prepared by replacing SBM with SFM at levels of 3%, 6%, and 9%, respectively, and were supplemented with MEs (100 mg/kg). Feeding trial was divided into grower (8 to 21 day) and finisher phases (22 to 35 day). External marker method was used to measure the nutrient digestibility. At the end of trial, twenty birds (one birds per replicate) with similar body weight were slaughtered for samples collection. Results: No significant effect of dietary treatments was found on all parameters of growth performance and carcass characteristics, except relative weight of bursa. Weight (25.0 g) and length (15.80 cm) of duodenum were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 3SFM than control. Lowest (p<0.05) villus height/crypt depth ratio was found in 3SFM and 9SFM than control. Most of meat quality parameters remained unaffected, however, highest pH of breast meat (6.16) and thigh meat (6.44) were observed in 9SFM and 3SFM, respectively. Lowest (p<0.05) cook loss of thigh meat was found in 6SFM (31.76%). Ileal digestibility of crude protein was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 3SFM (72.35%) than control (69.46%). In addition, amylase (16.87 U/mg) and protease (85.18 U/mg) activities were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 3SFM than control. However, cecal microbial count remained unaffected. Conclusion: Partial replacement (up to 9%) of SBM with SFM, with added MEs can help to improve the nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activities without affecting cecal microbial count and growth performance in broilers.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Authors are grateful to Five Star Feeds Pvt. Ltd., Gujranwala for providing necessary support to conduct feeding trial at their R&D Farm.

References

  1. Hafez MH, Attia YA. Challenges to the poultry industry: Current perspectives and strategic future after the COVID-19 outbreak. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:516. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fvets.2020.00516
  2. Attia YA, El-Deek AA, Osman M. Evaluation of sunflower meal as feedstuff in diets for ducks. Eur Poult Sci 1998;62: 273-82.
  3. Saleh AA, El-Awady A, Amber K, et al. Effects of sunflower meal supplementation as a complementary protein source in the laying hen's diet on productive performance, egg quality, and nutrient digestibility. Sustainability 2021;13:3557. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063557
  4. Laudadio V, Bastoni E, Introna M, Tufarelli V. Production of low-fiber sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) meal by micronization and air classification processes. CyTA J Food 2013;11:398-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2013.781681
  5. Laudadio V, Introna M, Lastella NM, Tufarelli V. Feeding of low-fibre sunflower (helianthus annus l.) meal as substitute of soybean meal in turkey rations: effects on growth performance and meat quality. J Poult Sci 2014;51:185-90. https:// doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.0130132
  6. Garcia-Moreno MJ, Fernandez-Martinez JM, Velasco L, Perez-Vich B. Genetic basis of unstable expression of high gamma-tocopherol content in sunflower seeds. BMC Plant Biol 2012;12:71. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-12-71
  7. Moghaddam HN, Salari S, Arshami J, Golian A, Maleki M. Evaluation of the nutritional value of sunflower meal and its effect on performance, digestive enzyme activity, organ weight, and histological alterations of the intestinal villi of broiler chickens. J Appl Poult Res 2012;21:293-304. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2011-00396
  8. Attia YA, Al-Harthi MA, El-Deek AA. Nutritive value of undehulled sunflower meal as affected by multienzymes supplementation to broiler diets. Eur Poult Sci 2003;67:97-106.
  9. Roberts S, Bregendahl K, Xin H, Kerr BJ, Russell JR. Adding fiber to the diet of laying hens reduces ammonia emission. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report 2006;3. https://doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-195
  10. Rama Rao SV, Raju MV, Panda AK, Reddy MR. Sunflower seed meal as a substitute for soybean meal in commercial broiler chicken diets. Br Poult Sci 2006;47:592-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660600963511
  11. Hamedi S, Rezaian M, Shomali S. Histological changes of small intestinal mucosa of cocks due to sunflower meal single feeding. Am J Anim Vet Sci 2011;6:171-5. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2011.171.175
  12. San Juan LD, Villamide MJ. Nutritional evaluation of sunflower products for poultry as affected by the oil extraction process. Poult Sci 2001;80:431-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.4.431
  13. Bilal M, Mirza MA, Kaleem M, Saeed M, Reyad-Ul-Ferdous M, Abd El-Hack ME. Significant effect of NSP-ase enzyme supplementation in sunflower meal-based diet on the growth and nutrient digestibility in broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 2017;101:222-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12552
  14. Mushtaq T, Sarwar M, Ahmad G, et al. Influence of sunflower meal based diets supplemented with exogenous enzyme and digestible lysine on performance, digestibility and carcass response of broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009; 149:275-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.06.008
  15. Jang A, Liu XD, Shin MH, et al. Antioxidative potential of raw breast meat from broiler chicks fed a dietary medicinal herb extract mix. Poult Sci 2008;87:2382-9. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2007-00506
  16. Sales J, Janssens G. Methods to determine metabolizable energy and digestibility of feed ingredients in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica). Poult Sci 2003;82:1457-61. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.9.1457
  17. Lowry O, Rosebrough N, Farr A, Randall R. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193: 265-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6
  18. Li Y, Zhang H, Chen YP, et al. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens supplementation alleviates immunological stress and intestinal damage in lipopolysaccharide-challenged broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015;208:119-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.07.001
  19. Hafez HM, Shehata AA. Turkey production and health: current challenges. Ger J Vet Res 2021;1:3-14. https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2021.0002
  20. Rahman M, Chowdhury EH, Parvin R. Small-scale poultry production in Bangladesh: challenges and impact of COVID-19 on sustainability. Ger J Vet Res 2021;1:19-27. https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2021.0004
  21. Alagawany M, Attia A, Ibrahim ZAEG, Abd EL-Hack ME, Arif M, Emam M. The influences of feeding broilers on graded inclusion of sunflower meal with or without Avizyme on growth, protein and energy efficiency, carcass traits, and nutrient digestibility. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2018;42:168-76. https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-1612-85
  22. Oliveira T, Nunes RV, Eyng C, Berwanger E, Bayerle DF. Sunflower meal and exogenous enzymes in initial diets for broilers. Rev Caatinga 2016;29:996-1005. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n425rc
  23. Berwanger E, Nunes RV, Pasquetti TJ, et al. Sunflower cake with or without enzymatic complex for broiler chickens feeding. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017;30:410-6. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.15.0644
  24. Horvatovic MP, Glamocic D, Zikic D, Hadnadjev TD. Performance and some intestinal functions of broilers fed diets with different inclusion levels of sunflower meal and supplemented or not with enzymes. Braz J Poult Sci 2015;17:25-30. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x170125-30
  25. Peric L, Milic D, Bjedov S. The effect of sunflower meal on growth performance of broiler chicks. Proceedings of the 13th European Poultry Conference; Tours. France; 2010.
  26. Tavernari FC, Albino LFT, Morata RL, Dutra Junior WM, Rostagno HS, Viana MTS. Inclusion of sunflower meal, with or without enzyme supplementation, in broiler diets. Braz J Poult Sci 2008;10:233-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2008000400007
  27. Mushtaq T, Sarwar M, Ahmad G, et al. Influence of sunflower meal based diets supplemented with exogenous enzyme and digestible lysine on performance, digestibility and carcass response of broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009; 149:275-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.06.008
  28. Omojola AB, Adesehinwa AOK. Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with graded levels of Roxazyme G. Int J Poult Sci 2007;6: 335-9. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2007.335.339
  29. Araujo de WAG, Albino LFT, Rostagno HS, et al. Sunflower meal and enzyme supplementation of the diet of 21- to 42-day-old broilers. Braz J Poult Sci 2014;16:17-24. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x160217-24
  30. Alagawany M, Attia AI, Ibrahim ZA, Mahmoud RA, ElSayed SA. The effectiveness of dietary sunflower meal and exogenous enzyme on growth, digestive enzymes, carcass traits, and blood chemistry of broilers. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2017;24:12319-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8934-4
  31. Ciurescu G, Vasilachi A, Grigore D, Grosu H. Growth performance, carcass traits, and blood biochemistry of broiler chicks fed with low-fibre sunflower meal and phytase. S Afr J Anim Sci 2019;49:735-45. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v49i4.15
  32. Geyra A, Uni Z, Sklan D. The effect of fasting at different ages on growth and tissue dynamics in the small intestine of the young chick. Br J Nutr 2001;86:53-61. https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn2001368
  33. Montagne L, Pluske JR, Hampson DJ. A review of interactions between dietary fibre and the intestinal mucosa, and their consequences on digestive health in young non-ruminant animals. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2003;108:95-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00163-9
  34. Mateos GG, Jimenez-Moreno E, Serrano MP, Lazaro RP. Poultry response to high levels of dietary fiber sources varying in physical and chemical characteristics. J Appl Poult Res 2012;21:156-74. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2011-00477
  35. Muth PC, Zarate AV. Breast meat quality of chickens with divergent growth rates and its relation to growth curve parameters. Arch Anim Breed 2017;60:427-37. https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-427-2017
  36. Mikulski D, Juskiewicz J, Skowronska A, et al. Response of the caecal microflora of turkeys fed diets with a different content of high-fibre sunflower meal. Ann Anim Sci 2011; 11:143-55.
  37. Abazari A, Navidshad B, Mirzaei Aghjehgheshlagh F, Nikbin S. The effect of rice husk as an insoluble dietary fiber source on intestinal morphology and Lactobacilli and Escherichia coli populations in broilers. Iran J Vet Res 2016;10:217-24. https://doi.org/10.22059/IJVM.2016.58684