• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.463-474
• /
• 2007

This study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education especially high nutrient density diet, which promotes low carbohydrate, high protein and fiber. Sixty nine college students participated in the 8 week weight management program with nutrition education. After the program, forty six experienced a small amount of weight loss (WL group, 1.3 kg), but twenty three did not (WG group). The WL group's dietary habits and diet quality improved significantly. The INQ of nutrients and MAR significantly increased only in the WL group. The total DQI-I score significantly increased from 71.1 to 75.3 in the WL group, but it did not in the WG group. The total dietary habit scores significantly increased in both groups, but the changes in the dietary habit scores were greater than the WG group in the WL group. After the program, total cholesterol and triglyceride level decreased significantly in the WL group (p < 0.05). These results show that nutrition education which focuses on a nutrient density diet could help improve dietary habits, diet quality, total cholesterol, and the triglyceride level in college women.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.367-371
• /
• 2020

We evaluated the eating pattern, physical activity, and daytime sleepiness level in Chilean shift workers. Fifty, middle-aged adult health workers from a public hospital in Santiago, Chile, were included: a group undergoing shift work (shift workers, including at least one "night shift" and one "long day", n = 33), and day workers under traditional schedule (from 8:00 to 17:00h, n = 17). Body composition, physical activity, and daytime sleepiness levels, and diet characteristics (diet composition, meals' timing, and diet quality) were assessed. Despite similar total energy intake, shift worker showed lower carbohydrate (% of energy) and higher protein intake (both P < 0.01), decreased diet quality, an irregular eating pattern, and delayed meal timing (all P < 0.05). Physical activity and daytime sleepiness levels did not differ between groups. Findings from this first Chilean study in healthcare shift workers support the fact that meal timing and diet quality appear as critical factors for upcoming intervention studies in this group.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2009

The objective of this study was to assess the metabolic profiles and diet quality in college women by their mother's diabetes mellitus status. The study subjects, all college women, were classified into two groups based on the their mother's diabetes mellitus status: the offspring group (OG) and the control group (CG). The OG exhibited significantly higher body mass indices (p < 0.01), percentages of ideal body weight (p < 0.05) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05) values than the CG. Additionally, the OG showed significantly higher daily average intakes of total energy (p < 0.05). fat (p < 0.001), riboflavin (p < 0.01) and calcium (0.01) than the CG. The indices of nutritional quality of protein (p < 0.05) and Na (p < 0.05) in the CG were significantly higher than those of the OG. However. we noted no significant differences in the mean adequacy ratio between the CG and OG. Overall, our results demonstrated that this factor appears to potentially be related to the subjects' mother's diabetes status. However, CG and OG were significantly different within normal range. Furthermore, nutrient adequacy indices in the CG were not assessed well in regard to energy, riboflavin, vitamin C, and calcium. Therefore, it appears that ideal body weight and diet quality should be controlled in order to prevent diabetes and diet-related problems, both in the CG and the OG.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.655-671
• /
• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: While plate waste has been widely investigated in hospitals, there have been minimal studies specific to the texture-modified diet (TMD). This study aims to determine the percentage of plate waste among patients prescribed with TMD and its contributory factors. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This was a single-centre study conducted in the university hospital on three types of TMD (blended diet, mixed porridge, minced diet) during lunch and dinner meals. Weighing method and visual estimation method assisted by digital photograph were adopted in this study. Face to face interview was carried out to investigate on 1) the food/food service quality factors in terms of patients' satisfaction level towards sensorial quality of food and food services provided and 2) the clinical/external factors including appetite, the provision of oral nutrition support, time taking the diet, the need for feeding assistance and the length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The mean percentage of overall plate waste of 95 patients receiving TMD was high (47.5%). Blended diet was identified as the most wasted diet (65%) followed by minced diet (56%) and mixed porridge (35%). Satisfaction level among patients was moderate. Patients on TMD in general had higher satisfaction level on the aspect of food service as compared to food quality. Substantial association between sensorial qualities of food and plate waste were varied according to individual TMD type. A multiple linear regression showed that only the satisfaction level toward the aspects of appearance and variety of foods were the predictors of TMD plate waste (R² = 0.254, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A significant relationship between the percentage of plate waste and the overall satisfaction level of patients receiving TMD suggests that vigorous strategies are needed to reduce the food waste of TMD which will lead to a better nutritional status and clinical outcomes among the patients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권8호
• /
• pp.1160-1171
• /
• 2013

A feeding trial was conducted in tilapia to determine the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, digestive enzymes, and postprandial blood metabolites in response to different dietary amylose-amylopectin ratios. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing an equal starch level with different amylose-amylopectin ratios of 0.11 (diet 1), 0.24 (diet 2), 0.47 (diet 3), 0.76 (diet 4) and 0.98 (diet 5) were formulated using high-amylose corn starch (as the amylose source) and waxy rice (as the amylopectin source). Each diet was hand-fed to six tanks of 15 fish each, three times a day over a 6-wk period. After the growth trial, a postprandial blood metabolic test was carried out. Fish fed diet 2 exhibited the highest percent weight gain and feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio, whereas fish fed with diet 5 showed the lowest growth and feed utilization among treatments. The digestibility for starch in fish fed diet 1 and 2 was higher than those in fish fed with other diets (p<0.05). The highest activities for protease, lipase and amylase were found in fish fed the diet 2, diet 1, and diet 1 respectively among dietary treatments, while the lowest values for these indexes were observed in fish fed the diet 3, diet 5 and diet 4, respectively. The liver glycogen concentrations in fish fed diets 4 and 5 were found higher than in fish fed other diets (p<0.05). The feeding rate, hepatosomatic index, condition factor, and plasma parmeters (glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) did not differ across treatments. In terms of postprandial blood responses, peak blood glucose and triglycerides were lower after 3 or 6 h in the fish fed with diets 3-5 than in the fish fed diet 1, but delayed peak blood total amino acid time was observed in fish fed with the diets 1 or 2. The lowest peak values for each of the three blood metabolites were observed in fish fed diet 5. The results indicate that high-dietary amylose-amylopectin ratio could compromise growth, but help in reducing the blood glucose stress on fish caused by postprandial starch load.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.258-264
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diet quality scores or indices, based on dietary guidelines, are used to summarize dietary intake into a single numeric variable. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the modified diet quality index for Koreans (DQI-K) and mortality among Health Examinees-Gem (HEXA-G) study participants. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The DQI-K was modified from the original diet quality index. A total of 134,547 participants (45,207 men and 89,340 women) from the HEXA-G study (2004 and 2013) were included. The DQI-K is based on eight components: 1) daily protein intake, 2) percent of energy from fat, 3) percent of energy from saturated fat, 4) daily cholesterol intake, 5) daily whole-grain intake, 6) daily fruit intake, 7) daily vegetable intake, and 8) daily sodium intake. The association between all-cause mortality and the DQI-K was examined using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Hazard ratios and confidence intervals were estimated after adjusting for age, gender, income, smoking status, alcohol drinking, body mass index, and total energy intake. RESULTS: The total DQI-K score was calculated by summing the scores of the eight components (range 0-9). In the multivariable adjusted models, with good diet quality (score 0-4) as a reference, poor diet quality (score 5-9) was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratios = 1.23, 95% confidence intervals = 1.06-1.43). Moreover, a one-unit increase in DQI-K score resulted in a 6% higher mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS: A poor diet quality DQI-K score was associated with an increased risk of mortality. The DQI-K in the present study may be used to assess the diet quality of Korean adults.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.1007-1013
• /
• 2010

시험동물은 $68.77{\pm}0.10kg$인 3원 교잡종(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) 비육돈 96두를 공시하였으며, 8주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 1) corn-soybean meal diet, 2) corn-soybean meal diet + 0.05% enzyme complex, 3) cornsoybean meal diet with DDGS 및 4) corn-soybean meal diet with DDGS + 0.05% enzyme complex으로 4개 처리를 하여 처리당 6반복, 반복당 4두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 등심의 pH는 DDGS를 함유한 두 처리구가 CON - Enzyme 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.01). 관능평가에 있어서 경도(Firmness)은 DDGS - Enzyme 처리구가 CON 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 육색에 있어서 $a^*$ 값은 DDGS를 함유한 두 처리구가 DDGS를 함유하지 않은 두 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 등심 및 등지방의 지방산 조성에서 총 UFA와 총 UFA/SFA는 DDGS를 함유한 처리구가 CON 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높은 효과를 나타냈다(p<0.001). 결론적으로 DDGS 급여는 등심의 pH, 경도, 육색, 불포화 지방산 조성을 증가시켰으나, 복합 효소제 첨가 급여에 따른 육질의 변화는 크게 나타나지 않았다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제65권6호
• /
• pp.1242-1253
• /
• 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a diet low in lysine content as a means for increasing the intramuscular fat (IMF) content and pork muscle quality of finishing pigs. Thirty-two crossbred gilts and barrows weighing approximately 80 kg were fed either a low-lysine diet (0.60%; Low-lys) or a control diet (0.80% lysine; Med-lys) under a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The animals were slaughtered at a 132-kg body weight (BW) on average, followed by physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluation on Longissimus lumborum (LL) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscles. The average daily gain (ADG) did not differ between the Med-lys and Low-lys groups. However, ADG exhibited a tendency of sex × diet interaction (p = 0.09), being greater for barrows vs. gilts on the Low-lys diet (p < 0.05), but not on the Med-lys diet. Backfat thickness adjusted for 132-kg BW also exhibited the interaction; it was greater for the Low-lys vs. Med-lys group within gilts but tended to be less for the former in barrows (p = 0.08). The IMF content was not influenced by the diet or sex in either LL or ST. The a^*, b^*, and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force values and fatty acid composition were influenced by the sex or diet in either or both of the muscles, but the treatment effects did not apparently influence the meat quality. Sensory scores for the flavor, juiciness, tenderness, umami, and palatability of cooked muscle were not influenced by the diet in either LL or ST. When the LL and ST data were pooled, scores for those sensory attributes were positively correlated with the IMF content, which was associated with overall greater IMF contents and greater sensory scores for ST vs. LL. Collectively, the Low-lysine diet seemingly elicited the intended lysine deficiency in gilts as indicated by the increased BFT due to the diet. However, the Low-lys diet was not effective for increasing the IMF deposition or eating quality of the pork muscle of finishing pigs slaughtered at high BW probably because its lysine content was not low enough to elicit either outcome.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.486-494
• /
• 2001

This study was performed to assess the nutrient intakes and diet quality of rural middle school students provided with and without the national school lunch program(NSLP). The data on dietary intakes were obtained by using food record method questionnaires which were collected from 340 rural middle school students provided with(n=177) and without (n=163) NSLP. Diet quality was accessed by NAR(nutrient adequacy ration), MAR(mean adequacy ration), and INQ( index of nutritional quality). Total energy intakes of the boys were 2123 kcal with NSLP and 1857 kcal without NSLP. Total energy intakes of the girls were 1913 kcal with NSLP and 1814 kcal without NSLP. Phosphorus, vitamin A, vitamin E, ascorbic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin intakes were above the RDA in the NSLP group. For those without NLSP, phosphorus, vitamin E, thiamin intakes were above RDA, however, calcium, iron vitamin A, vitamin $B_6$ were less than the RDA. The mean adequacy ration(MAR), an index of dietary quality was 0.69(with) 0.62(without) for males and 0.62(without) for females The indexes of nutritional quality(INQ) were over 1 for most nutrients except calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$ and zinc. The study showed that total daily energy and nutrient intakes were significantly higher in students provided with than those without school-lunches. Thus, the school-lunch program is recommenced and necessary to improve the nutritional status of middle school students.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제23권7호
• /
• pp.965-971
• /
• 2010

The purpose of the current study was to examine the influence of different maternal nutrition treatments during pregnancy on body weight, muscle fiber number, carcass traits, and pork quality traits of offspring. A total of 18 crossbred sows (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) were randomly assigned to one of three nutritional treatment groups; control, high energy, and high protein. The control group was fed a standard diet, the high energy group was fed a diet that contained 30% increased metabolizable energy, and the high protein group was fed a diet that contained 30% increased limiting amino acids compared to the control. The sows in each group were fed equal quantities of each diet (1.9 kg/d) for the entire gestational period. A total of 36 piglets from each sow were used to evaluate changes in body weight, muscle fiber number in the longissimus dorsi muscle at birth, carcass traits, and pork quality traits. Birth weight of offspring born to sows in the high energy diet group was significantly higher compared to the high protein diet group (p<0.05). However, body weight of offspring after birth was not significantly different between the groups. Muscle fiber number for the longissimus dorsi muscle at birth was not significantly different between the groups. In addition, there were no significant differences in carcass traits or pork quality traits between offspring born to sows in the control group and those born to sows that received high energy or high protein diets during pregnancy. Based on these results, it appears that maternal nutrition treatment during pregnancy, regardless of whether it is with high energy or high protein diets, does not have a significant effect on body weight, muscle fiber number at birth, carcass traits, or pork quality traits.