• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2005

본 연구는 고콜레스테롤을 급여한 흰쥐 에 키토산 올리고당의 첨가 수준을 달리한 식이가 흰쥐의 지방대사에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 체중이 174.7$\pm$6.3 g인 Sprague-Dawley종 수컷 흰쥐에게 고콜레스테롤혈증을 유발시키기 위하여 콜레스테롤을 식 이 무게의 0.5%를 급여하고 키토산 올리고당을 식이 무게의 1.0%와 2.0%로 하여 총 3군으로 나누어 4주간 사육하였다. 식이섭취량과 체중증가량은 식이에 의한 영향이 없었다. 혈청 중 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방은 대조군에 비해 2.0% 키 토산 올리고당을 첨가한 군에서 유의적으로 그 농도가 크게 감소하였으며 HDL-콜레스테롤/총콜레스테롤 비는 키토산 올리고당 첨가에 의해 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 간 조직 중 TBARS 함량은 키토산 올리고당을 첨가하였을 경우 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며 SOD와 catalase의 활성은 키토산 올리고당을 첨가한 군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 키토산 올리고당은 체내 지방대사에 있어 총콜레스테롤과 LDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지방 및 TBARS 함량을 낮추고 HDL-콜레스테롤/총 콜레스테롤 비는 높이는 효과를 나타냈으며, 또한 생체내 고콜레스테롤에 의한 산화적 스트레스로부터 간을 보호하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2010

The effects of grape seeds extract and grape peels extract prepared from grape pomace on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, degree of lipid peroxidation in serum and liver tissue were investigated in rabbits fed on high cholesterol diet. New Zealand white rabbits were divided as follows ; 1) NOR (normal group); 2) CHOL (cholesterol group); 3) GSH (cholesterol + grape seed extract group); 4) GPE (cholesterol + grape peel extract); 5) GSP (cholesterol + grape seed powder); 6) GPP (cholesterol + grape peel powder); 7) GE (cholesterol + grape seed and peel extract); 8) GP (cholesterol + grape seed and peel powder). Eight groups of rabbits were studied for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, rabbits were sacrificed and the liver tissue were removed. Then, GSH, GPx, GST, CAT and MDA in the liver were measured. In liver tissues, total glutathione contents (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activity, which was significantly higher by grape seed extract supplementation. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower in the serum of rabbits fed grape seed extract or grape peel powder plus cholesterol than in the serum of rabbits fed cholesterol alone. It is therefore likely that grape seed extract prepared from grape pomace functioned as antioxidants in vivo, negating the effects of the oxidative stress induced by 1% cholesterol diet. The grape seed extract was found effective in converting the oxidized glutathione into reduced glutathione, and in removing $H_2O_2$ that is created by oxidative stress. The grape peel powder was found to have small influence on reduced glutathione content, CAT and GPX activity, but it increased GST activity in liver tissues, resulting in promoting the combination of lipid peroxide and glutathione (GSH), and further, lowering the formation of lipid peroxide in the serum. Therefore, grape pomace (grape seed extract and grape peel powder) supplementation is considered to activate the antioxidant enzyme system and prevent damage with hypercholesterolemia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.725-732
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea catechin on renal dysfunction and blood presure change in chronic cadmium poisoned rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal group and three cadmium poisoned groups. Cadmium groups were classified to catechin free diet(Cd-0C group) 0.25% catechin diet(Cd-0.25C group) and 0.5% catechin diet(Cd-0.5C group) according to the levels of catechin supplement. Animals were raids for 20weeks. Cadmium were supplied as drinking water of 50ppm Cd2+ Morphological changes shown through a light microscope and an electro-microscope revealed the mitochondria and tubule epithelial cell edema in Cd -0C group but they were alleviated in catechin supplementation. The urinary $\beta$2-microglobulin that measured to observe the glomerular injury were higher in Cd-poisoned groups than in normal group but they was lowered by catechin supplementation. Glomerular filtration ratios(GFR) in Cd-poisoned groups were significantly lower than in normal group but that of catechin supplementation group was similar to normal group. This suggested that catechin protected the kidney from the functional damage. Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) activity and blood pressure(BP) in Cd-poisoned groups were significantly higher than in normal group. Heart rate was tended to increase in Cd-poisoned groups. The results indicate that green tea catechin supplementation on chronic cadmium-poisoned rats normalized the renal dysfunction and blood pressure system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.364-372
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• 2005

This study is designed to examine the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin E and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the formation of preneoplastic lesions in diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. All Weaning male Sprague-Dawley rats were initiated by a single dose of DEN (200mg/kg body weight), subjected to two­thirds partial hepatectomy 3 weeks later and were sacrificed 8 weeks after DEN initiation. Two weeks after initiation, rats were fed Purina purified rodent diet 5053 (Ralston Purina Rat chow, USA) with $1.5\%$ (15,000 IU/kg diet) vitamin E, $0.5\%$ DHEA and both of those supplemented diet for 6 weeks. Placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) positive foci, the activities of catalase, total-glutathione peroxidase (GPx) , glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) contents were decreased significantly by vitaimin E supplement. On the other hand GST-P positive foci number, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activities weren't changed by vitamin E supplement. It might suggest that protective effect of vitamin E against hepatocarcinogens is not involved in the formation of the GST-P positive foci but related to the expansion of that. It seemed that vitamin E supplement helped endogenous defense system in carcinogenesis by decreasing TBARS contents, $H_2O_2$, organic peroxides. Therefore, vitamin E seemed to protect cell from free radical damage in carcinogenesis. By DHEA supplement liver weight and liver/body ratio were increased, the area and number of GST-P positive foci, the activities of catalase, GR, total GPx, GST and the TBARS contents were decreased significantly. On the other hand Cu/Zn-SOD and G6Pase activities weren't changed by DHEA supplement. In hepatocarcinogenesis the activities of antioxidant enzymes weren't increased by DHEA supplement. DHEA did not increase the oxidative stress, while DHEA seems to have anticarcinogenic effect in rats hepatocarcinogenesis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 녹차 건분 식이가 뇌 조직에서 알코올에 의한 산화적 스트레스 감소효과를 나타내는 지를 규명하고 자, 생후 9개월령 Sprague-Dawley에게 1% 녹차 건분식이를 4주간 공급하고 희생 12시간 전메 급성으로 알코올을 투여한 후 뇌 조직을 cortex, cerebellum, striatum, hippocampus로 나누어 malondialdehyde(MDA)의 함량과 catalase. superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)의 활성을 측정하였다. 본 실험 결과를 종합하여 볼 때. 1%녹차 건분 식이의 공급은 striatum과 hippocampus 내 MDA 함량을 유의적으로 낮추고 알코올에 따른 hippocampus 내 catalase 활성 증가를 유의적으로 억제하였다. 이러한 곁과는 녹차 건분의 공급이 알코올로 산화적 stress를 가한 동물에서 일부 뇌 조직의 지질 산화를 감소시키고 알코올에 의한 뇌 조직 손상으로부터 보호할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.919-925
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• 2002

Iron deficiency is a severe nutritional problem in the world. Coffee intake of the people is increasing every year and it can increase the loss of several essential body minerals including iron. Either iron deficiency or coffee intake may increase the oxidative stress of the body. However, the effect of iron deficiency and/or coffee intake on peroxidation have not been studied much. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coffee intake on oxidative stress and antioxidative enzyme activities of iron-deficient rats. Forty-eight male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into two groups by dietary iron levels. Iron deficient group were fed 5 ppm iron diet and iron-sufficient group were fed 50 ppm iron diet. Each iron group were divided into three sub-groups by coffee levels (0%, 1%, 4%) included in the experimental diet. The experimental diets were fed for 4 weeks. The hemoglobin level was significantly low in iron deficient group and the level was exacerbated by high coffee intake. The malondialdehyde concentration of the plasma and liver were not affected by iron or coffee level in this study. However, plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, the indicator of the liver damage, were increased by high coffee intake. The erythrocyte and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were elevated in iron deficient groups. Coffee intake increased erythrocyte SOD activity in iron sufficient groups. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were not influenced much by either iron or coffee intake. In conclusion, high coffee intake in iron deficiency may not only increase the anemia symptoms, but also may increase the oxidative stress of the body.(Korean J Nutrition 35(9) : 919~925, 2002)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.734-740
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea catechins on the antioxidative defense enzyme activity of kidney in diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighting 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal and three STZ-induced diabetic groups; catechin free diet(DM-0C group), 0.25% catechin diet(DM-0.25C group) and 0.5% catechin diet(DM-0.5C group). Diabetes was induced by intravenous of 55mg/Kg body weight of STZ in sodium citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after 4 weeks feeding of experimental diets. Rats were sacrified at the 6th day of diabetic states. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in kidney was decreased by 25% and 20% in DM-0C and DM-0.25C groups compared with normal group, DM-0.5C group was not significantly different when compared with normal group. Glutathione peroxidase(GSHpx) activity in kidney was were no significant differences the diabetic groups compared to normal group. Xanthin oxidase(XOD) activity was increased by 110% and 63% in DM-0C and DM-0.25C groups compared with normal group, DM-0.5C group was not significantly different when compared with normal group. The contents of superoxide radical(O$_2$)in kindney were 116% and 33%, respectively, higher in DM-0C and DM-0.25C groups than normal group. DM-0.5C group and normal groups were similar levels in their superoxide radical contents of kidneys. Levels of TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) in kidney were increased by 62% in DM-0C group, when compared with normal group, but those of DM-0.5C group were similar to that of normal groups. These results indicate that free radical generation system was weakened and free radical scavenger system was enhance in kidney of STZ-induced diabetics rats by dietary catechin. Thereby it may reduce renal disorders such as oxidative damage and aging of tissue.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.201-213
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• 2000

The aim of this study is to survey the eating habits and nutritional knowledge of children in Pusan, with a view to uncovering problems and their underlying causes and cultivating desirable dietary habit and nutrition for children. Three hundred and fifty six elementary school students were asked questions about their eating habits and nutritional knowledge as well as general information about their personal characteristics. The results showed: 1. Only 53.5% of the subjects had breakfast every day. Seventy-six percent of the subjects had dinner every day. Only 40% of the children took meals and talked with family at both breakfast and dinner. Thus there was little opportunity for dietary guidance by parents. 2. About half of the subjects answered that their appetite decreased after eating snack foods between meals. A third of the subjects liked the baked goods as snacks. Because of their high sugar and fat content, they can damage children's health, resulting in child diabetes and tooth decay. For this reason, careful education is necessary to allow children to be able to select snack foods that are appropriate in kind and quantity. 3. About 85% of the subjects had an unbalanced diet. Therefore systematic nutrition education at school is necessary to instill in children the value of balanced diet. 4. Children preferred rice to other cereals as a staple food. They disliked kimchi, seasoned and blanched foods and salads as subsidiary foods. It is therefore necessary to teach children systematically the nutritional advantage of cereals and vegetables and to heighten their awareness of Korean food culture. 5. Children had a low level of nutritional knowledge. The knowledge of specific nutrients was lower than that of foods. In conclusion, systematical educational programs need to be developed at elementary school. These should include information about achieving a balanced diet, good eating habit, meal management and Korean dietary culture. Nutritional education at home must be emphasized.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.35-49
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• 1999

본 연구는 계지복령환이 고 Cholesterol 식이 생쥐의 간과 신장에 미치는 항산화 효과를 조사하였다. 실험동물은 3개의 군(정상군 대조군 실험군)으로 나누었으며 정상군은 마우스용 고형사료와 물을 제한 없이 공급하고, 대조군은 Cholestrol 고형사료(cholesterol 5g/kg)를 제한 없이 8주간 공급하면서 7, 8주에 각각 처치하였다. 실험군은 물과 Cholesterol 고형사료를 제한 없이 6주간 공급한 후 계지복령환을 2주간 음용(20cc/day)시키면서 1, 2주에 각각 처치시켰다. 대조군은 lipid peroxidation(LPO) 함량은 증가하였고 glutathion(GSH) 함량, catalase와 superoxidation dismutase(SOD)의 활성은 감소하였음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 실험군은 대조군에 비해 lipid peroxidation(LPO) 함량은 유의성있게 감소하였고 glutathion(GSH) 함량, catalase와 superoxidation dismutase(SOD)의 활성은 유의성 있게 증가하였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 결과들로 보아 계지복령환이 지질의 과산화를 억제하고 glutathion(GSH)과 같은 체내 항산화 물질을 증가시키는 효과가 있다고 사료된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

Increased consumption of fresh vegetables that are high in polyphenols has been associated with a reduced risk of oxidative stress-induced disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of spinach in vitro and in vivo in hyperlipidemic rats. For measurement of in vitro antioxidant activity, spinach was subjected to hot water extraction (WE) or ethanol extraction (EE) and examined for total polyphenol content (TPC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity (CAA), and antigenotoxic activity. The in vivo antioxidant activity of spinach was assessed using blood and liver lipid profiles and antioxidant status in rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet (HFCD) for 6 weeks. The TPC of WE and EE were shown as $1.5{\pm}0.0$ and $0.5{\pm}0.0mg$ GAE/g, respectively. Increasing the concentration of the extracts resulted in increased ORAC value, CAA, and antigenotoxic activity for all extracts tested. HFCD-fed rats displayed hyperlipidemia and increased oxidative stress, as indicated by a significant rise in blood and liver lipid profiles, an increase in plasma conjugated diene concentration, an increase in liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, and a significant decrease in manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity compared with rats fed normal diet. However, administration of 5% spinach showed a beneficial effect in HFCD rats, as indicated by decreased liver TBARS level and DNA damage in leukocyte and increased plasma conjugated dienes and Mn-SOD activity. Thus, the antioxidant activity of spinach may be an effective way to ameliorate high fat and cholesterol diet-induced oxidative stress.