• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2019

In this study, we develop a Korotkoff sound based automatic blood pressure measurement device including sensor, hardware, and analysis algorithm. PVDF-based sensor pattern was developed to function as a vibration sensor to detect of Korotkoff sounds, and the film's output was connected to an impedance-matching circuit. An algorithm for determining starting and ending points of the Korotkoff sounds was established, and clinical data from subjects were acquired and analyzed to find the relationship between the values obtained by the auscultatory method and from the developed device. The results from 86 out of 90 systolic measurements and 84 out of 90 diastolic measurements indicate that the developed device pass the validation criteria of the international protocol. Correlation coefficients for the values obtained by the auscultatory method and from the developed device were 0.982 and 0.980 for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Blood pressure measurements based on Korotkoff sound signals obtained by using the developed PVDF film-based sensor module are accurate and highly correlated with measurements obtained by the traditional auscultatory method.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2006

This research analyzed the hematological index and health related habits such as alcohol drinking, smoking and exercise, by classifying 539 middle-aged men (age: 40 - 59) into a normal weight group, an overweight group and an obese group, according to BMI (body mass index). As a result, 33.6% (n = 181) of subjects had a BMI of 23 or less and 30.2% (n = 163) were overweight and 36.2% (n = 195) were obese (BMI > 25). The average systolic/diastolic blood pressures of total subjects were 130.96mmHg and 80.38mmHg, respectively. And the average pressure of normal subjects was 126.85/77.57mmHg, which was significantly lower than in overweight and obese subjects. Diastolic blood pressure shows significant differences among the three groups. The overall average cholesterol level of normal subjects was 193.81mg/dl, which was significantly lower than those in overweight subjects. Those in obese subjects were significantly higher than in overweight subjects. The GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyrutic transaminase), ${\gamma}$-GTP (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) levels of obese subjects were significantly higher than in the overweight subjects. Frequency of alcohol drinking showed no significant difference among the groups. The smoking ratio in the obese group was higher than in the normal and overweight groups. The ratio of smokers was 53.1 %, and the alcohol drinking ratio was 81.0% of the total subjects. The frequency of drinking showed significant correlations with systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressures (p < 0.01) and ${\gamma}$-GTP (p < 0.01). The duration of smoking showed a negative correlation (p < 0.01) with diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and ${\gamma}$-GTP. On the other hand, exercising frequency showed negative correlations with blood glucose, ${\gamma}$-GTP and GPT(p < 0.01). These hematological indices were correlated with health related habits such as alcohol drinking, smoking and lack of exercise, and to be the cause of chronic diseases. Therefore, proper nutritional education is needed to establish advisable health related habits to maintain proper body weight. (J Community Nutrition 8(2): 63-68, 2006)

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.99-112
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• 1988

1개 의과대학 본과 제 1,2,3학년 279명을 대상으로 1987년 3월중순부터 4월초순에 걸쳐 프레밍헴 A형행동양상척도(FTA)의 신뢰도와 타당도 그리고 사회심리학적인 변수와 혈압과의 관계를 조사해서 다음의 결과를 얻었다. SCL-90-R과 FTA의 신뢰도는 $0.57{\sim}0.91$의 범위였고 FTA의 요인분석에서 정열적경쟁요인(hard-driving competitiveness factor)과 조급요인(impatience factor)이 추출되었다. FTA의 총점은 비교체중이 클수록, 농촌출신이면 높은 경향을 보였으나 유의성은 없었고 SCL90-R과는 우울, 불안, 적대감, 편집증, 정신증하위척도와 비교적 낮은 유의한 정상관관계를 보였다. 혈압과의 단일 변수 분석에서 수축기혈압은 남자에서 비교체중과 가족력이 유의했고 남녀 공히 경제상태에 따른 차이가 있었다. 확장기혈압은 남자에서 비교체중과 음주량이 유의했고 여자에서는 비교체중이 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 비교 체중의 영향을 제거하고서는 남자에서 음주량이 확장기혈압과 경제상태가 수축기혈압과 유의한 관계를 보였다. 단계적추가분석법에 의한 중회귀분석 결과 남자에서는 수축기혈압에서 비교체중과 경제상태가 중요변수로 선정되었고 확장기혈압에서는 비교체중과 음주량이 선정되었다. Alpha가 0.1수준에서는 수축기혈압에 SCL-90-R의 우울증 하위척도가 추가 선정되었다. 여자에서 수축기혈압은 경제상태와 비교체중이 선정되었고 확장기혈압에서도 비교체중이 선정되었으나 대상자 수가 적어서 불안정했다. FTA와 혈압과는 남녀 공히 관련이 없었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.384-394
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• 1998

In order to investigate the effect of the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium on the change on blood pressure over 3 years, 668 adolescents aged 13 years living in Kangwha area were investigated in a longitudinal follow-up study. Two measurements were taken on each blood pressure (diastolic, systolic) and the average of the two readings was used in the analysis. Sodium and potassium intake were estimated by the determination of those electrolytes in 24hr urine. The mixed model regression analysis was used to identify the effect of urinary sodium and potassium on the change of blood pressure after controlling for BMI of each age. On simple bivariate analysis no relationship was found between urinary sodium excretion and systolic or diastolic blood pressure among both male and female, however, a significant positive association between urinary potassium excretion and systolic blood pressure among male. The results of mixed regression analysis showed that the body mass index (BMI) were more influential that urinary electrolytes among this study subjects. It suggested that risk factors observed from the adults, may not be identical with that of the growing aged population. After control of the BMI and age, significant association between sodium and diastolic BP among male, and association between potassium and systolic BP among female, were found. In summary, the results indicate that growth has been more influential than dietary factor on blood pressure for growing aged population.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.144-152
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence rate of hypertension and diabetes a in the urban communities and to provide the basic data for development of health promot The subjects of this study were 526 people over the age of 20, living in Seoul. Data for this collected from June 19, 2001 to September 25, 2001. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The subject group is comprised of males, $57.4\%$ and females, $42.6\%$. Their ages range from 20 to 89, and the weights from 40 to 94 kilograms. 2. In the systolic blood pressure, $36.1\%$ showed high, $56.5\%$ normal. and $7.4\%$ low. In the diastolic blood pressure, $50.5\%$ showed high, $48.9\%$ normal, and $1.7\%$. low. In the blood glucose, $70.3\%$ showed normal. $27.9\%$ high, and $1.7\%$. low. 3. There was a significant difference in the mean(SD) of the systolic blood pressure by age(p=.017) and weight(p=.005). Another significant difference was found in the mean (SD) of the diastolic blood pressure by age(p=.006) and weight(p=.007). There was a significant difference in the mean(SD) of the blood glucose by sex and age(p=.001). 4. There were significant correlations between the blood pressure and the blood glucose and the sex, age and weight. 5. The multiple regression analysis showed that the age and weight explained $9.9\%$ of the systolic blood pressure, that the weight and age explained $7.1\%$ of the diastolic blood pressure, and that the age and systolic blood pressure explained $7.0\%$ of blood glucose. The results were useful in developing health promotion programs. This study suggests that a further study be needed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.496-506
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• 1991

모 철강공장에서 1990년 8월 27일부터 9월 6일까지 실시되었던 정기 특수건강진단에 참여한 근로자 중 평균 소음노출이 $91.8{\pm}5.2dB(A)$인 고소음부서 기능직 근로자 1,034명과 $75.2{\pm}4.6dB(A)$인 저소음부서 기능직 근로자 390명 사이에 고혈압(수축기 160mmHg 이상 또는 이완기 100mmHg 이상) 유병률을 비교하고, 청력손실(1,000Hz에서 25dB 이상 또는 4,000Hz에서 40dBA이상) 여부와 고혈압 유병률과의 관계를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 고소음부서와 저소음부서 사이에 평균 수축기 및 이완기 혈압의 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 고소음부서와 저소음부서 사이의 고혈압 유병률은 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았으나 39세 이내의 연령군에서는 고소음부서에서 더 높았으며, $40{\sim}49$세 사이의 연령군에서는 차이가 없었고, 50세 이상의 연령군에서는 오히려 저소음부서에서 높은 경향을 보였다. 고혈압 유병률은 고연령군에서 보다 저연령군의 청력손실군에서 정상 청력군에 비해 통계적인 유의성이 없었으나 더 높은 경향을 보였다. 청력손실, 비만도지수, 연령, 음주습관 및 고혈압 가족력이 이완기 혈압의 예견지표였다(p<0.02). 청력손실은 특히 40세 이전의 연령군에서 주요 이완기혈압 예견지표로 나타났다(p<0.01).

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship of blood pressure with dietary habit and level of physical fitness of middle-aged male workers by age. The study subjects included 511 male employees who have worked at a company in C City, whose age was more than 40 years old. Between April 10 and May 30. 1998, all of the study subjects measured physical fitness (Balance, strength, power, agility, flexibility and endurance) and blood pressure. A questionnair was administered for dietary habit and socio-demographic characteristics. The average age (SD) of the study subjects was 46.61(3.98) years. The study subjects were classified by age into 3 groups; 40-44 aged group(34.6%), 45-49 aged group(41.3%), and 50-54 aged group (24.1%). The score of dietary habit of 40-44 aged group was $69.77{\pm}5.82$. that of 45-49 aged group was $69.77{\pm}5.83$, and that of 50-54 aged group was $71.85{\pm}6.82$(p=0.005). But age of health physical fitness tend to weaken in the age of 40-44. Systolic(p=.011) and Diastolic blood pressure (p= .011) were significantly increased with age increment. Diastolic blood pressure and dietary habit of 45-49 aged group showed the significant negative-correlation(r= .280. P<0.05). and Diastolic blood pressure and age of health physical fitness of 40-44 aged group showed the significant positive-correlation(r= .182. P<0.05). On the basis of the results of this study. I hope occupational nurses should play an active role to improve dietary habit and physical fitness for prevention of hypertension with increase of age in middle-aged male workers.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between taste perceptions and risk factors for health of Korean elderly living in rural areas. Recognition thresholds for four basic tastes, drug consumption, BMI, fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were assessed in 176 males and 312 females aged between 50 and 88 years. For the recognition threshold of the four basic tastes, alcohol drinking did not influence their sensitivities, but the alcohol drinking group preferred a higher pleasant concentration of NaCl than did the non-alcohol drinking group. However, smoking significantly decreased sensitivities of the four basic tastes. For the pleasant concentration of NaCl, the smoking group tended to prefer a higher concentration than the non-smoking group. Drug consumption, fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, and serum triglycerides did not have a significant correlation to the sensitivity of the four basic tastes and preference of salty solution. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure may have been positively correlated with the pleasant concentration of NaCl but did not correlate with the recognition thresholds of NaCl and sucrose. Further, systolic blood pressure was negatively correlated with the recognition thresholds of caffeine, whereas diastolic blood pressure was negatively correlated with the recognition thresholds of caffeine and citric acid. The finding that the risk factors for health correlated with taste perception has diagnostic and practical implications for health promotion for the elderly.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2019

최근 만성질환자 건강관리의 목적으로 혈압측정에 대한 접근성을 높이는 제품 연구가 지속적으로 이루어지고 있다. 기존 연구에서는 심전도(ECG)와 광전용전맥파(PPG)를 분석하여 수축기혈압과 이완기 혈압을 산출하는 방식을 사용하고 있다. 주 과제는 정확도와 재현성을 위한 분석 알고리즘 개발이다. 본 연구에서는 초소형 혈압측정장치를 개발하는 단계에서 장치의 크기를 줄이고 측정방법도 간단히 하는 동시에 알고리즘도 두 개의 PPG만을 이용하여 최고혈압(SBP)을 추출하고 이에 따른 최저혈압(DBP)을 구하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 두 개의 PPG에서 얻은 측정값과 SBP, DBP 관계를 통계적으로 추적하여 상호관계를 분석하였다. PPG의 차이 값인 DF_P는 SBP와 반비례 관계가 있으며, DBP와는 비례적 관계가 성립되어 알고리즘에 의해 혈압값을 유추할 수 있으며, SBP를 통해 DBP를 추적할 수 있다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.106-120
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• 2010

Objectives: Sanjointang has been clinically used much for treating sleeplessness. However, the effects of Sanjointang in artificial sleep deprivation situations are not known. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular diastolic pressure, +dp/dt maximum, -dp/dt maximum, and -dp/dt / +dp/dt ratio which are related to the hemodynamic functions of the heart by using sleep-deprived Sparague-Dawley rats, in order to clarify the impact of Sanjointang on hemodynamic functions of the heart of sleep deprived rats. Methods: Eighteen hearts were removed from the male Sparague-Dawley rats weighting about 180g were perfused by the Langendorff technique with modified 37 Krebs-Henseleit's buffer solution at a constant perfusion pressure (60mmHg). They were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups, 1) Normal group (those which did not have sleep deprivation and received normal saline administration), 2) Control group (sleep deprived and normal saline administered), 3) Sample group (sleep deprived and Sanjointang was administered). Control and sample groups rats were deprived 96 hours of sleep by using the modified multiple platform technique. Heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular diastolic pressure, +dp/dt maximum, -dp/dt maximum, -dp/dt / +dp/dt ratio were evaluated at baseline after the administration of either normal saline or Sanjointang. Results: The heart rate and -dp/dt / +dp/dt ratio was significantly decreased in rats with 96 hours of sleep deprived significantly decreased. The change in the heart rate after administering Sanjointang did not show any significant difference. The left ventricular systolic pressure of the removed heart significantly decreased due to Sanjointang administration, while the left ventricular diastolic pressure significantly increased (p<0.05). The +dp/dt maximum and -dp/dt maximum both significantly decreased in the removed heart after administering Sanjointang. (p<0.05). There was no significant difference observed in the -dp/dt / +dp/dt ratio after administering Sanjointang. Conclusions: According to the results above, sleep deprivation significantly decreases heart rate and -dp/dt / +dp/dt ratio. This is considered as a result of exhaustion due to accumulation of fatigue. Meanwhile, Sanjointang reduced left ventricular systolic pressure and raised left ventricular diastolic pressure, and relieved the contractility and relaxation of the myocardium. Consequently, this reduces the burden of the heart and creates a relatively stabilized heart condition similar to a sleeping condition.